BCO-DMO ERDDAP
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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String In the controlled lab experiment, the investigators tested for evidence of\ncompetition for refuge space between lionfish and Nassau grouper at various\nsize ratios. They used size ratios of 1:1, 1:4, 3:1 (lionfish:Nassau grouper\nTL).\\u00a0 Mesh cages were placed in in-ground tanks with flow-through sea\nwater. Specimens were first observed in isolation and then together. There was\none refuge space\\u00a0 (half of a cinder block) in each area either during the\nisolation period or when the fish were all together. To test for competition,\nthe investigators established whether or not each specimen was closer to or\nfurther away from the shelter during the isolation period using a random\npositioning probability. This procedure was repeated when the two species were\ntogether to look for changes in behavior.\n \nThe investigators also tested for whether or not the larger specimen\n(predation species) would consume various species, either the opposite\nexperimental specimen or a common prey fish (Halichoeres bivittatus, common\nname Slippery dick wrasse). The following predation events were observed\nthroughout the experiment:\n Predator species | Prey species | Number of predation events   \n---|---|---  \nEpinephelus striatus | Pterois volitans | 0   \nEpinephelus striatus | Halichoeres bivittatus | 7   \nPterois volitans | Epinephelus striatus | 0   \nPterois volitans | Halichoeres bivittatus | 6   \nPterois volitans | Haemulon sp. | 4   \n\\u00a0
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 55160
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-0851162
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0851162 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String David L. Garrison
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 50534
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String Grouper-Lionfish refuge competition lab experiments \n  (From sub-project \"Interactions between native Nassau grouper and \n    invasive lionfish\") \n Lead PI: Mark Hixon (OSU) \n Sub-Project Lead: Timothy J. Pusack (OSU) \n Version: 03 June 2013
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2013-06-03T20:52:23Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2019-11-06T16:05:54Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3957.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Easternmost_Easting double -76.1075
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_max double 23.774192
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_min double 23.774192
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degrees_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_max double -76.1075
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_min double -76.1075
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degrees_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3957 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String actual, actual_size_ratio, bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, data, dataset, date, dist, dmo, erddap, grouper, grouper_to_refuge_dist_actual, grouper_to_refuge_dist_scaled, latitude, len, len_grouper, len_lionfish, lionfish, lionfish_to_grouper_dist_actual, lionfish_to_grouper_dist_scaled, lionfish_to_refuge_dist_actual, lionfish_to_refuge_dist_scaled, longitude, management, notes, notes_grouper, notes_lionfish, oceanography, office, preliminary, ratio, refuge, replicate, scaled, site, size, target, target_size_ratio, time, time2
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3957/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/3957 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Northernmost_Northing double 23.774192
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'3957': {'lat_site': 'flag - latitude', 'lon_site': 'flag - longitude'}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/3957/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String Oregon State University
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation_acronym String OSU
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Mark Hixon
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 51647
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Lead Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String Oregon State University
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String OSU
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Timothy J Pusack
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 51671
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String Scientist
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_name String Shannon Rauch
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_nid String 51498
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String Lionfish Invasion
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String Lionfish Invasion
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String Invasive species are increasingly introduced by human activities to new regions of the world where those species have never existed previously. In the absence of natural enemies (predators, competitors, and diseases) from their homeland, invasives may have strong negative effects on invaded ecosystems, especially systems with fewer species (\"ecological release\"), and may even drive native species extinct. However, if native natural enemies can somehow control the invaders (\"ecological resistance\"), then ecological disruption can be prevented or at least moderated. Most of the many invasive species in the sea have been seaweeds and invertebrates, and the few documented invasive marine fishes have not caused major problems. However, this situation has recently changed in a stunning and ominous way. In the early 1990s, lionfish (Pterois volitans) from the Pacific Ocean were accidentally or intentionally released from aquaria to the ocean in the vicinity of Florida. Camouflaged by shape and color, protected by venomous spines, consuming native coral-reef fishes voraciously, and reproducing rapidly, lionfish have subsequently undergone a population explosion. They now range from the mid-Atlantic coast of the US to the Caribbean, including the Bahamas. Native Atlantic fishes have never before encountered this spiny, stealthy, efficient predator and seldom take evasive action. In fact, the investigator has documented that a single lionfish is capable of reducing the abundance of small fish on a small coral patch reef by nearly 80% in just 5 weeks. There is great concern that invasive lionfish may severely reduce the abundance of native coral-reef fishes important as food for humans (e.g., grouper and snapper in their juvenile stages) as well as species that normally maintain the integrity of coral reefs (e.g., grazing parrotfishes that can prevent seaweeds from smothering corals). There are far more species of coral-reef fish in the Pacific than the Atlantic, so this invasion may represent a case of extreme ecological release with minor ecological resistance. Dr. Hixon and colleagues will study the mechanisms of ecological release in lionfish, as well as examine potential sources of ecological resistance in the heavily invaded Bahamas. Because very little is known about the ecology and behavior of lionfish in their native Pacific range, he will also conduct comparative studies in both oceans, which may provide clues regarding the extreme success of this invasion. In the Bahamas, the investigator will document the direct and indirect effects on native species of the ecological release of lionfish, both as a predator and as a competitor. These studies will be conducted at various scales of time and space, from short-term experiments on small patch reefs, to long-term experiments and observations on large reefs. Whereas direct effects involve mostly changes in the abundance of native species, indirect effects can be highly variable. For example, lionfish may actually indirectly benefit some native species by either consuming or outcompeting the competitors of those natives. The project will explore possible ecological resistance to the invasion by determining whether any native Bahamian species are effective natural enemies of lionfish, including predators, parasites, and competitors of both juvenile and adult lionfish. Comparative studies of natural enemies, as well as lionfish ecology and behavior, in both the Atlantic and the Pacific may provide clues regarding the explosive spread of lionfish in the Atlantic.\nRegarding broader impacts, this basic research will provide information valuable to coral-reef and fisheries managers fighting the lionfish invasion in the US, the Bahamas, and the greater Caribbean, especially if sources of native ecological resistance are identified. The study will fund the PhD research of U.S. graduate students, as well as involve assistance and participation by a broad variety of undergraduates and reef/fisheries managers, including women, minorities, native Bahamians, and native Pacific islanders. Participation in this project will promote education in marine ecology and conservation biology directly via Dr. Hixon's and graduate students' teaching and outreach activities, and indirectly via the experiences of undergraduate field assistants and various associates.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2012-11
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String Bahamas; Cayman Islands; Mariana Islands; Philippines
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String Ecological Release and Resistance at Sea: Invasion of Atlantic Coral Reefs by Pacific Lionfish
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 2256
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_website String http://hixon.science.oregonstate.edu/content/highlight-lionfish-invasion (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2009-06
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Southernmost_Northing double 23.774192
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL subsetVariables String site,latitude,longitude
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Results of lab experiment examining competition for refuge space between invasive lionfish and Nassau grouper; conducted at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas from 2009-2012.
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String [grouper-lionfish refuge competition expt] - Results of lab experiment examining competition for refuge space between invasive lionfish and Nassau grouper; conducted at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas from 2009-2012 (Lionfish Invasion project) (Ecological Release and Resistance at Sea: Invasion of Atlantic Coral Reefs by Pacific Lionfish)
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Westernmost_Easting double -76.1075
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable site String
attribute site bcodmo_name String site
attribute site description String Name of the site.
attribute site long_name String Site
attribute site units String text
variable latitude double
attribute latitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lat
attribute latitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute latitude actual_range double 23.774192, 23.774192
attribute latitude axis String Y
attribute latitude bcodmo_name String latitude
attribute latitude colorBarMaximum double 90.0
attribute latitude colorBarMinimum double -90.0
attribute latitude description String Latitude of the site.
attribute latitude ioos_category String Location
attribute latitude long_name String Latitude
attribute latitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/ (external link)
attribute latitude source_name String lat_site
attribute latitude standard_name String latitude
attribute latitude units String degrees_north
variable longitude double
attribute longitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lon
attribute longitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute longitude actual_range double -76.1075, -76.1075
attribute longitude axis String X
attribute longitude bcodmo_name String longitude
attribute longitude colorBarMaximum double 180.0
attribute longitude colorBarMinimum double -180.0
attribute longitude description String Longitude of the site.
attribute longitude ioos_category String Location
attribute longitude long_name String Longitude
attribute longitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/ (external link)
attribute longitude source_name String lon_site
attribute longitude standard_name String longitude
attribute longitude units String degrees_east
variable replicate byte
attribute replicate _FillValue byte 127
attribute replicate actual_range byte 1, 28
attribute replicate bcodmo_name String replicate
attribute replicate description String Indicates the (unique) replicate for each size ratio.
attribute replicate long_name String Replicate
attribute replicate units String integer
variable location String
attribute location bcodmo_name String site_descrip
attribute location description String Denotes which in-ground tank (IGTA) was used:IGTA-SW is the in-ground tank on the southwest corner.IGTA-NW is the in-ground tank on the northwest corner.IGTA-NE is the in-ground tank on the northeast corner.
attribute location long_name String Location
attribute location units String code
variable target_size_ratio String
attribute target_size_ratio bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute target_size_ratio description String Indicates the target size raio of lionfish total length to grouper total length.
attribute target_size_ratio long_name String Target Size Ratio
attribute target_size_ratio units String dimensionless
variable actual_size_ratio float
attribute actual_size_ratio _FillValue float NaN
attribute actual_size_ratio actual_range float 0.1865, 4.7639
attribute actual_size_ratio bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute actual_size_ratio description String The actual calculated size ratio by dividing the lionfish total length (len_lionfish) by grouper total length (len_grouper).
attribute actual_size_ratio long_name String Actual Size Ratio
attribute actual_size_ratio units String dimensionless
variable len_lionfish float
attribute len_lionfish _FillValue float NaN
attribute len_lionfish actual_range float 5.6, 34.5
attribute len_lionfish bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute len_lionfish description String Total length in centimeters of the lionfish.
attribute len_lionfish long_name String Len Lionfish
attribute len_lionfish units String cm
variable len_grouper float
attribute len_grouper _FillValue float NaN
attribute len_grouper actual_range float 7.2, 42.1
attribute len_grouper bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute len_grouper description String Total length in centimeters of the Nassau grouper.
attribute len_grouper long_name String Len Grouper
attribute len_grouper units String cm
variable date String
attribute date bcodmo_name String date
attribute date description String Date that each observation was done in mm/dd/YYYY format.
attribute date long_name String Date
attribute date nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/ (external link)
attribute date units String unitless
variable time2 String
attribute time2 bcodmo_name String time
attribute time2 description String Time of day of the observations; 24-hour clock.
attribute time2 long_name String Time
attribute time2 nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AHMSAA01/ (external link)
attribute time2 units String HHMM
variable lionfish_to_refuge_dist_scaled float
attribute lionfish_to_refuge_dist_scaled _FillValue float NaN
attribute lionfish_to_refuge_dist_scaled actual_range float 0.0, 5.4
attribute lionfish_to_refuge_dist_scaled bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute lionfish_to_refuge_dist_scaled description String The distance between the lionfish and the refuge (cinder block) while in isolation. This distance was recorded on a sheet of paper with a scaled schematic of the actual cage dimensions.
attribute lionfish_to_refuge_dist_scaled long_name String Lionfish To Refuge Dist Scaled
attribute lionfish_to_refuge_dist_scaled units String cm
variable lionfish_to_refuge_dist_actual float
attribute lionfish_to_refuge_dist_actual _FillValue float NaN
attribute lionfish_to_refuge_dist_actual actual_range float 0.0, 139.3
attribute lionfish_to_refuge_dist_actual bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute lionfish_to_refuge_dist_actual description String Estimated distance of lionfish to the cinder block (refuge) based on what was recorded on the sheet.
attribute lionfish_to_refuge_dist_actual long_name String Lionfish To Refuge Dist Actual
attribute lionfish_to_refuge_dist_actual units String cm
variable grouper_to_refuge_dist_scaled float
attribute grouper_to_refuge_dist_scaled _FillValue float NaN
attribute grouper_to_refuge_dist_scaled actual_range float 0.0, 5.7
attribute grouper_to_refuge_dist_scaled bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute grouper_to_refuge_dist_scaled description String The distance between the Nassau grouper and the refuge (cinder block) while in isolation.  This distance was recorded on a sheet of paper with a scaled schematic of the actual cage dimensions.
attribute grouper_to_refuge_dist_scaled long_name String Grouper To Refuge Dist Scaled
attribute grouper_to_refuge_dist_scaled units String cm
variable grouper_to_refuge_dist_actual float
attribute grouper_to_refuge_dist_actual _FillValue float NaN
attribute grouper_to_refuge_dist_actual actual_range float 0.0, 147.06
attribute grouper_to_refuge_dist_actual bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute grouper_to_refuge_dist_actual description String Estimated distance of Nassau grouper to the cinder block (refuge) based on what was recorded on the sheet.
attribute grouper_to_refuge_dist_actual long_name String Grouper To Refuge Dist Actual
attribute grouper_to_refuge_dist_actual units String cm
variable lionfish_to_grouper_dist_scaled float
attribute lionfish_to_grouper_dist_scaled _FillValue float NaN
attribute lionfish_to_grouper_dist_scaled actual_range float 0.0, 9.5
attribute lionfish_to_grouper_dist_scaled bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute lionfish_to_grouper_dist_scaled description String The distance between the lionfish and Nassau grouper when together; recorded on a sheet of paper with a scaled schematic of the actual cage dimensions.
attribute lionfish_to_grouper_dist_scaled long_name String Lionfish To Grouper Dist Scaled
attribute lionfish_to_grouper_dist_scaled units String cm
variable lionfish_to_grouper_dist_actual float
attribute lionfish_to_grouper_dist_actual _FillValue float NaN
attribute lionfish_to_grouper_dist_actual actual_range float 0.0, 245.1
attribute lionfish_to_grouper_dist_actual bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute lionfish_to_grouper_dist_actual description String Estimated distance between the lionfish and Nassau grouper based on sheet recordings.
attribute lionfish_to_grouper_dist_actual long_name String Lionfish To Grouper Dist Actual
attribute lionfish_to_grouper_dist_actual units String cm
variable notes_lionfish String
attribute notes_lionfish bcodmo_name String comment
attribute notes_lionfish description String Notes about the behavior, position, or movement of lionfish.
attribute notes_lionfish long_name String Notes Lionfish
attribute notes_lionfish units String text
variable notes_grouper String
attribute notes_grouper bcodmo_name String comment
attribute notes_grouper description String Notes about the behavior, position, or movement of Nassau grouper.
attribute notes_grouper long_name String Notes Grouper
attribute notes_grouper units String text

 
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