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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String Information was recorded on all invasive lionfish sighted (including lionfish\nthat were collected and those that were left on the reef) during fieldwork at\nEleuthera, Bahamas from 15 June to 30 August 2012.
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 55160
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-0851162
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0851162 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String David L. Garrison
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 50534
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String Lionfish Sighted at Eleuthera, Bahamas (2012) \n  (From sub-project \"Invasive lionfish collections and sightings\") \n Lead PI: Mark Hixon (OSU) \n Sub-Project Lead: Cassandra E. Benkwitt (OSU) \n Version: 12 Sept 2013
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2013-06-19T19:47:02Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2019-11-12T19:43:28Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3969.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Easternmost_Easting double -76.25653
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_max double 24.8352
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_min double 24.75675
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degrees_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_max double -76.25653
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_min double -76.35848
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degrees_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3969 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, data, dataset, date, depth, depth_ft, dmo, erddap, est, fish, fish_id, latitude, len, len_tot, len_tot_est, longitude, management, notes, oceanography, office, person, preliminary, sighted, site, time, tot
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3969/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/3969 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Northernmost_Northing double 24.8352
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'3969': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'lon': 'master - longitude', 'depth_ft': 'flag - depth'}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/3969/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String Oregon State University
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation_acronym String OSU
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Mark Hixon
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 51647
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Lead Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String Oregon State University
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String OSU
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Cassandra E. Benkwitt
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 51706
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String Scientist
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation String Oregon State University
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation_acronym String OSU
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_name String Kurt Ingeman
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_nid String 51667
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role String Scientist
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation String Oregon State University
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation_acronym String OSU
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_name String Tye L. Kindinger
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_nid String 51707
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role String Scientist
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_affiliation String Oregon State University
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_affiliation_acronym String OSU
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_person_name String Lillian  J Tuttle
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_person_nid String 51662
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_role String Scientist
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_person_name String Shannon Rauch
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_person_nid String 51498
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String Lionfish Invasion
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String Lionfish Invasion
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String Invasive species are increasingly introduced by human activities to new regions of the world where those species have never existed previously. In the absence of natural enemies (predators, competitors, and diseases) from their homeland, invasives may have strong negative effects on invaded ecosystems, especially systems with fewer species (\"ecological release\"), and may even drive native species extinct. However, if native natural enemies can somehow control the invaders (\"ecological resistance\"), then ecological disruption can be prevented or at least moderated. Most of the many invasive species in the sea have been seaweeds and invertebrates, and the few documented invasive marine fishes have not caused major problems. However, this situation has recently changed in a stunning and ominous way. In the early 1990s, lionfish (Pterois volitans) from the Pacific Ocean were accidentally or intentionally released from aquaria to the ocean in the vicinity of Florida. Camouflaged by shape and color, protected by venomous spines, consuming native coral-reef fishes voraciously, and reproducing rapidly, lionfish have subsequently undergone a population explosion. They now range from the mid-Atlantic coast of the US to the Caribbean, including the Bahamas. Native Atlantic fishes have never before encountered this spiny, stealthy, efficient predator and seldom take evasive action. In fact, the investigator has documented that a single lionfish is capable of reducing the abundance of small fish on a small coral patch reef by nearly 80% in just 5 weeks. There is great concern that invasive lionfish may severely reduce the abundance of native coral-reef fishes important as food for humans (e.g., grouper and snapper in their juvenile stages) as well as species that normally maintain the integrity of coral reefs (e.g., grazing parrotfishes that can prevent seaweeds from smothering corals). There are far more species of coral-reef fish in the Pacific than the Atlantic, so this invasion may represent a case of extreme ecological release with minor ecological resistance. Dr. Hixon and colleagues will study the mechanisms of ecological release in lionfish, as well as examine potential sources of ecological resistance in the heavily invaded Bahamas. Because very little is known about the ecology and behavior of lionfish in their native Pacific range, he will also conduct comparative studies in both oceans, which may provide clues regarding the extreme success of this invasion. In the Bahamas, the investigator will document the direct and indirect effects on native species of the ecological release of lionfish, both as a predator and as a competitor. These studies will be conducted at various scales of time and space, from short-term experiments on small patch reefs, to long-term experiments and observations on large reefs. Whereas direct effects involve mostly changes in the abundance of native species, indirect effects can be highly variable. For example, lionfish may actually indirectly benefit some native species by either consuming or outcompeting the competitors of those natives. The project will explore possible ecological resistance to the invasion by determining whether any native Bahamian species are effective natural enemies of lionfish, including predators, parasites, and competitors of both juvenile and adult lionfish. Comparative studies of natural enemies, as well as lionfish ecology and behavior, in both the Atlantic and the Pacific may provide clues regarding the explosive spread of lionfish in the Atlantic.\nRegarding broader impacts, this basic research will provide information valuable to coral-reef and fisheries managers fighting the lionfish invasion in the US, the Bahamas, and the greater Caribbean, especially if sources of native ecological resistance are identified. The study will fund the PhD research of U.S. graduate students, as well as involve assistance and participation by a broad variety of undergraduates and reef/fisheries managers, including women, minorities, native Bahamians, and native Pacific islanders. Participation in this project will promote education in marine ecology and conservation biology directly via Dr. Hixon's and graduate students' teaching and outreach activities, and indirectly via the experiences of undergraduate field assistants and various associates.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2012-11
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String Bahamas; Cayman Islands; Mariana Islands; Philippines
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String Ecological Release and Resistance at Sea: Invasion of Atlantic Coral Reefs by Pacific Lionfish
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 2256
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_website String http://hixon.science.oregonstate.edu/content/highlight-lionfish-invasion (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2009-06
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Southernmost_Northing double 24.75675
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String This dataset includes dates, locations, and estimated length of lionfish (Pterois volitans) that were sighted near Eleuthera, Bahamas during the summer of 2012.
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String [lionfish sightings Eleuthera] - Record of lionfish sighted near Eleuthera, Bahamas during reef surveys in 2012 (Lionfish Invasion project) (Ecological Release and Resistance at Sea: Invasion of Atlantic Coral Reefs by Pacific Lionfish)
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Westernmost_Easting double -76.35848
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable site String
attribute site bcodmo_name String site
attribute site description String Name of individual reef site.
attribute site long_name String Site
attribute site units String code
variable latitude double
attribute latitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lat
attribute latitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute latitude actual_range double 24.75675, 24.8352
attribute latitude axis String Y
attribute latitude bcodmo_name String latitude
attribute latitude colorBarMaximum double 90.0
attribute latitude colorBarMinimum double -90.0
attribute latitude description String Latitude of the reef site.
attribute latitude ioos_category String Location
attribute latitude long_name String Latitude
attribute latitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/ (external link)
attribute latitude standard_name String latitude
attribute latitude units String degrees_north
variable longitude double
attribute longitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lon
attribute longitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute longitude actual_range double -76.35848, -76.25653
attribute longitude axis String X
attribute longitude bcodmo_name String longitude
attribute longitude colorBarMaximum double 180.0
attribute longitude colorBarMinimum double -180.0
attribute longitude description String Longitude of the reef site.
attribute longitude ioos_category String Location
attribute longitude long_name String Longitude
attribute longitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/ (external link)
attribute longitude standard_name String longitude
attribute longitude units String degrees_east
variable date_sighted String
attribute date_sighted bcodmo_name String date
attribute date_sighted description String Date of sighting in mm/dd/YYYY format.
attribute date_sighted long_name String Date Sighted
attribute date_sighted nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/ (external link)
attribute date_sighted source_name String date_sighted
attribute date_sighted time_precision String 1970-01-01
attribute date_sighted units String unitless
variable fish_id String
attribute fish_id bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute fish_id description String Unique code given to each lionfish collected in that year.  All begin with \"L\" and are followed by a unique 4-digit number.
attribute fish_id long_name String Fish Id
attribute fish_id units String code
variable location String
attribute location bcodmo_name String site_descrip
attribute location description String Where on that reef lionfish was sighted.
attribute location long_name String Location
attribute location units String text
variable depth_ft double
attribute depth_ft _FillValue double NaN
attribute depth_ft actual_range double 9.0, 59.0
attribute depth_ft bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute depth_ft colorBarMaximum double 8000.0
attribute depth_ft colorBarMinimum double -8000.0
attribute depth_ft colorBarPalette String TopographyDepth
attribute depth_ft description String Depth of sighting.
attribute depth_ft long_name String Depth
attribute depth_ft standard_name String depth
attribute depth_ft units String feet
variable len_tot_est byte
attribute len_tot_est _FillValue byte 127
attribute len_tot_est actual_range byte 4, 44
attribute len_tot_est bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute len_tot_est description String Estimated total length of lionfish (cenimeters).
attribute len_tot_est long_name String Len Tot Est
attribute len_tot_est units String cm
variable len_tot float
attribute len_tot _FillValue float NaN
attribute len_tot actual_range float 20.0, 26.1
attribute len_tot bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute len_tot description String Measured total length of lionfish (centimeters).
attribute len_tot long_name String Len Tot
attribute len_tot units String cm
variable person String
attribute person bcodmo_name String person
attribute person description String Initials of researcher who sighted the lionfish.
attribute person long_name String Person
attribute person units String text
variable notes String
attribute notes bcodmo_name String comment
attribute notes description String Additional notes.
attribute notes long_name String Notes
attribute notes units String text

 
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