BCO-DMO ERDDAP
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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String Surface water samples (0-3m, n=195) for salinity, nutrients, total alkalinity\n(TA), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were collected from reef sites\nthroughout the Palauan archipelago at multiple time points between sunrise and\nsunset on September 19-24, 2011; March 28-April 7, 2012; December 7-9, 2012;\nand November 1-15, 2013 (detailed water sampling procedure in Shamberger et\nal. (2014)). Sampling was performed from small boats taken out daily from the\nPalau International Coral Reef Center (PICRC).\n \nIn situ temperature was measured in 2011 with TidbiT v2 water temperature data\nloggers produced by Onset with a manufacturer stated accuracy of 0.2 degrees\nC, in 2012 with a RBR XR-620 CTD with a manufacturer stated temperature\naccuracy of +/-0.002 degrees C, and in 2013 with a Sontek Castaway CTD with a\nmanufacturer stated temperature accuracy of +/-0.05 degrees C. Surface water\n(0-3 m) samples were collected multiple times a day between sunrise and sunset\nand on 3-9 separate days for each site from a Niskin bottle into 300 ml glass\nbottles (TA/DIC) and 125 ml glass bottles (salinity). Approximately 5 ml were\nremoved from each bottle to allow headspace for expansion and each TA/DIC\nsample was poisoned with 50 ul saturated mercuric chloride solution\nimmediately after collection to inhibit biological activity and then sealed\nwith screw tops and tape.\n \nTA and DIC analyses were performed using a Versatile Instrument for the\nDetermination of Total inorganic carbon and titration Alkalinity (VINDTA,\nMarianda Analytics and Data), which uses open cell potentiometric (TA) and\ncoulometric (DIC) titrations, and standardized using certified reference\nmaterials obtained from Andrew Dickson (Scripps Institution of Oceanography;\nDickson 2001, Dickson et al. 2007). Analysis of replicate samples (n=13)\nshowed a mean precision of ~2 umol/kg for TA and ~1 umol/kg for DIC.
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 54896
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-1041106
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1041106 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String David L. Garrison
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 50534
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_award_nid String 520400
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_award_number String OCE-1220529
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1220529 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_program_manager String David L. Garrison
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_program_manager_nid String 50534
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_award_nid String 560427
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_award_number String OCE-1031971
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1031971 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_program_manager String David L. Garrison
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_program_manager_nid String 50534
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String Carbonate chemistry data from 13 coral reef sites in Palau \n PI: Anne Cohen (WHOI) \n Co-PIs: D. McCorkle (WHOI), A. Tarrant (WHOI), S. de Putron (BIOS), K. Karnauskas (WHOI) \n Contact: Hannah Barkley or Anne Cohen (WHOI); K. Shamberger (TAMU) \n Version History: \n    updated/current version: 23 June 2015 \n    original data submitted by K.Shamberger (TAMU): 29 Jan 2014
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2014-01-29T20:31:51Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2019-11-14T19:48:11Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.489014.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Easternmost_Easting double 134.557
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_max double 7.577
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_min double 7.158
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degrees_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_max double 134.557
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_min double 134.349
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degrees_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/489014 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_acronym String Niskin bottle
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description String Surface water (0-3 m) samples were collected multiple times a day between sunrise and sunset and on 3-9 separate days for each site from a Niskin bottle into 300 ml glass bottles (TA/DIC) and 125 ml glass bottles (salinity).
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid String 489282
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_description String A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends.  The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24 or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD.  Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_name String Niskin bottle
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_nid String 413
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_supplied_name String Niskin bottle
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_acronym String Water Temp Sensor
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_dataset_instrument_description String In 2011, in situ temperature was measured with TidbiT v2 water temperature data loggers produced by Onset with a manufacturer stated accuracy of 0.2 degrees C. In 2012, in situ temperature was measured with a RBR XR-620 CTD with a manufacturer stated temperature accuracy of +/- 0.002 degrees C.\nInformation from the manufacturers:TidbiT v2 Temperature Data LoggerRBR XR-620
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid String 489281
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_description String General term for an instrument that measures the temperature of the water with which it is in contact (thermometer).
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_instrument_external_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/134/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_instrument_name String Water Temperature Sensor
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_instrument_nid String 647
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_supplied_name String Water Temperature Sensors
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_acronym String inorganic carbon and alkalinity analyser
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_dataset_instrument_description String TA and DIC analyses were performed with a Versatile INstrument for the Determination of Total inorganic carbon and titration Alkalinity (VINDTA) produced by Marianda Marine Analytics and Data. The VINDTA uses coulometric titration for DIC analysis and an open cell potentiometric titration for TA analysis.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_dataset_instrument_nid String 489284
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_description String The Versatile INstrument for the Determination of Total inorganic carbon and titration Alkalinity (VINDTA) 3C is a laboratory alkalinity titration system combined with an extraction unit for coulometric titration, which simultaneously determines the alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon content of a sample. The sample transport is performed with peristaltic pumps and acid is added to the sample using a membrane pump. No pressurizing system is required and only one gas supply (nitrogen or dry and CO2-free air) is necessary. The system uses a Metrohm Titrino 719S, an ORION-Ross pH electrode and a Metrohm reference electrode. The burette, the pipette and the analysis cell have a water jacket around them. Precision is typically +/- 1 umol/kg for TA and/or DIC in open ocean water.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_instrument_external_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0481/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_instrument_name String MARIANDA VINDTA 3C total inorganic carbon and titration alkalinity analyser
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_instrument_nid String 686
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_supplied_name String VINDTA
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String altimetry, ammonia, ammonium, bco, bco-dmo, bicarbonate, biological, carbon, carbon dioxide, carbonate, chemical, chemistry, co2, CO2_diss, co3, concentration, data, dataset, date, dic, dioxide, diss, dmo, earth, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Ammonia, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Nitrate, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > pH, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Phosphate, erddap, laboratory, latitude, longitude, management, mass, mass_concentration_of_phosphate_in_sea_water, mole, mole_concentration_of_ammonium_in_sea_water, mole_concentration_of_nitrate_in_sea_water, n02, name, nh4, nitrate, no3, NO3_NO2, ocean, oceanography, oceans, office, omega, omega_Ar, omega_Ca, pCO2, phosphate, po4, preliminary, reported, sal, satellite, scale, science, sea, sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale, seawater, site, site_name, temperature, time, time2, total, water
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords_vocabulary String GCMD Science Keywords
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/489014/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/489014 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Northernmost_Northing double 7.577
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'489014': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'lon': 'master - longitude'}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/489014/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation_acronym String WHOI
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Anne L Cohen
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 51428
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Lead Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String BIOS
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Samantha J. de Putron
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 51431
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation_acronym String WHOI
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_name String Kristopher Karnauskas
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_nid String 560431
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation_acronym String WHOI
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_name String Daniel C McCorkle
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_nid String 51429
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_affiliation_acronym String WHOI
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_person_name String Ann M. Tarrant
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_person_nid String 51430
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_affiliation_acronym String WHOI
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_person_name String Hannah Barkley
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_person_nid String 560803
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_role String Contact
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_6_affiliation String Texas A&M University
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_6_affiliation_acronym String TAMU
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_6_person_name String Kathryn E.F. Shamberger
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_6_person_nid String 488857
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_6_role String Contact
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_6_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_7_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_7_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_7_person_name String Shannon Rauch
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_7_person_nid String 51498
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_7_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_7_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String OA Nutrition and Coral Calcification,Coral Reef Ecosystem OA Impact,Thermal Thresholds and Projections
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String OA Nutrition and Coral Calcification
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String The project description is a modification of the original NSF award abstract.\nThis research project is part of the larger NSF funded CRI-OA collaborative research initiative and was funded as an Ocean Acidification-Category 1, 2010 award. Over the course of this century, all tropical coral reef ecosystems, whether fringing heavily populated coastlines or lining remote islands and atolls, face unprecedented threat from ocean acidification caused by rising levels of atmospheric CO2. In many laboratory experiments conducted to date, calcium carbonate production (calcification) by scleractinian (stony) corals showed an inverse correlation to seawater saturation state OMEGAar), whether OMEGAar was manipulated by acid or CO2 addition. Based on these data, it is predicted that coral calcification rates could decline by up to 80% of modern values by the end of this century. A growing body of new experimental data however, suggests that the coral calcification response to ocean acidification may be less straightforward and a lot more variable than previously recognized. In at least 10 recent experiments including our own, 8 different tropical and temperate species reared under nutritionally-replete but significantly elevated CO2 conditions (780-1200 ppm, OMEAGar ~1.5-2), continued to calcify at rates comparable to conspecifics reared under ambient CO2. These experimental results are consistent with initial field data collected on reefs in the eastern Pacific and southern Oman, where corals today live and accrete their skeletons under conditions equivalent to 2X and 3X pre-industrial CO2. On these high CO2, high nutrient reefs (where nitrate concentrations typically exceed 2.5 micro-molar), coral growth rates rival, and sometimes even exceed, those of conspecifics in low CO2, oligotrophic reef environments.\nThe investigators propose that a coral's energetic status, tightly coupled to the availability of inorganic nutrients and/or food, is a key factor in the calcification response to CO2-induced ocean acidification. Their hypothesis, if confirmed by the proposed laboratory investigations, implies that predicted changes in coastal and open ocean nutrient concentrations over the course of this century, driven by both climate impacts on ocean stratification and by increased human activity in coastal regions, could play a critical role in exacerbating and in some areas, modulating the coral reef response to ocean acidification. This research program builds on the investigators initial results and observations. The planned laboratory experiments will test the hypothesis that: (1) The coral calcification response to ocean acidification is linked to the energetic status of the coral host. The relative contribution of symbiont photosynthesis and heterotrophic feeding to a coral's energetic status varies amongst species. Enhancing the energetic status of corals reared under high CO2, either by stimulating photosynthesis with inorganic nutrients or by direct heterotrophic feeding of the host lowers the sensitivity of calcification to decreased seawater OMEGAar; (2) A species-specific threshold CO2 level exists over which enhanced energetic status can no longer compensate for decreased OMEGAar of the external seawater. Similarly, we will test the hypothesis that a nutrient threshold exists over which nutrients become detrimental for calcification even under high CO2 conditions; and (3) Temperature-induced reduction of algal symbionts is one stressor that can reduce the energetic reserve of the coral host and exacerbate the calcification response to ocean acidification.\nThe investigator's initial findings highlight the critical importance of energetic status in the coral calcification response to ocean acidification. Verification of these findings in the laboratory, and identification of nutrient and CO2 thresholds for a range of species will have immediate, direct impact on predictions of reef resilience in a high CO2 world. The research project brings together a diverse group of expertise in coral biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography, molecular biology and coral reproductive ecology to focus on a problem that has enormous societal, economic and conservation relevance.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2013-09
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String global; experimental
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String An Investigation of the Role of Nutrition in the Coral Calcification Response to Ocean Acidification
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 2183
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2010-10
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_acronym String Coral Reef Ecosystem OA Impact
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_description String text copied from the NSF award abstract: \nMuch of our understanding of the impact of ocean acidification on coral reef calcification comes from laboratory manipulation experiments in which reef organisms are removed from their natural habitat and reared under conditions of calcium carbonate saturation (Omega) predicted for the tropical oceans at the end of this century. By comparison, there is a paucity of in situ data describing the sensitivity of coral reef ecosystems to changes in calcium carbonate saturation. Yet emerging evidence suggests there may be critical differences between the calcification response of organisms in culture and the net calcification response of a coral reef ecosystem, to the same degree of change in calcium carbonate saturation. In the majority of cases, the sensitivity of net reef calcification to changing calcium carbonate saturation is more severe than laboratory manipulation experiments predict. Clearly, accurate predictions of the response of coral reef ecosystems to 21st century ocean acidification will depend on a robust characterization of ecosystem-scale responses and an understanding of the fundamental processes that shape them. Using existing data, the investigators show that the sensitivity of coral reef ecosystem calcification to Delta calcium carbonate saturation conforms to the empirical rate equation R=k(Aragonite saturation state -1)n, which also describes the relationship between the rate of net abiogenic CaCO3 precipitation (R) and the degree of Aragonite supersaturation (Aragonite saturation state-1). By implication, the net ecosystem calcification (NEC) response to ocean acidification is governed by fundamental laws of physical chemistry and is potentially predictable across space and time. When viewed this way, the existing, albeit sparse, dataset of NEC reveals distinct patterns that, if verified, have important implications for how different coral reef ecosystems will respond to 21st century ocean acidification. The investigators have outlined a research program designed to build on this proposition. The project expands the currently sparse dataset of ecosystem-scale observations at four strategically placed reef sites: 2 sites in the Republic of Palau, Caroline Islands, Micronesia, western Pacific Ocean; a third at Dongsha Atoll, Pratas Islands, South China Sea; and the fourth at Kingman Reef, US Northern Line Islands, 6 deg. 23 N, 162 deg. 25 W.  The four selected sites will allow investigators to test the following hypotheses: (1) The sensitivity (\"n\" in the rate equation) of coral reef ecosystem calcification to Delta Aragonite saturation state decreases with decreasing Aragonite saturation state. By implication, the rate at which reef calcification declines will slow as ocean acidification progresses over the course of this century. (2) The energetic status of the calcifying community is a key determinant of absolute rates of net ecosystem calcification (\"k\" in the rate equation), which, combined with n, defines the Aragonite saturation state value at which NEC approaches zero. By implication, the shift from net calcification to net dissolution will be delayed in healthy, energetically replete coral reef ecosystems and accelerated in perturbed, energetically depleted ecosystems. and (3) The calcification response of individual colonies of dominant reef calcifiers (corals and algae) is weaker than the measured ecosystem-scale response to the same change in Aragonite saturation state. By implication, processes not adequately captured in laboratory experiments, such as bioerosion and dissolution, will play an important role in the coral reef response to ocean acidification.\nBroader Impacts: Ocean acidification threatens the livelihoods of 500 million people worldwide who depend on coral reefs to provide habitable and agricultural land, food, building materials, coastal protection and income from tourism. Yet data emerging from ocean acidification (OA) studies point to critical gaps in our knowledge of reef ecosystem-scale responses to OA that currently limit our ability to predict the timing and severity of its impact on different reefs in different parts of the world. Using existing data generated by the investigators and others, this project will address a series of related hypotheses, which, if verified by the research, will have an immediate, direct impact on predictions of coral reef resilience in a high CO2 world. This project brings together expertise in coral reef biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography and physical oceanography to focus on a problem that has enormous societal, economic and conservation relevance. In addition to sharing the resultant data via BCO-DMO, project data will also be contributed to the Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC) data collection hosted at the PANGAEA Open Access library (http://www.pangaea.de).
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_end_date String 2015-08
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_geolocation String Republic of Palau, Caroline Islands, Micronesia, western Pacific Ocean; Dongsha Atoll, Pratas Islands, South China Sea; Kingman Reef, US Northern Line Islands, 6 deg. 23 N, 162 deg. 25 W
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_name String Toward Predicting the Impact of Ocean Acidification on Net Calcification by a Broad Range of Coral Reef Ecosystems: Identifying Patterns and Underlying Causes
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_project_nid String 520413
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_start_date String 2012-09
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_2_acronym String Thermal Thresholds and Projections
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_2_description String Description from NSF award abstract:\nSea surface temperature (SST) across much of the global tropics has increased by 0.5-1 degrees C in the past 4 decades and, with it, the frequency and geographic extent of coral bleaching events and reef mortality. As levels of atmospheric CO2 continue to rise, there is mounting concern that CO2-induced climate change will pose the single greatest threat to the survival of coral reefs. Averaged output of 21 IPCC climate models for a mid-range CO2 emissions scenario predicts that tropical SSTs will increase another 1.5-3 degrees C by the end of this century. Combined with current estimates of thermal thresholds for coral bleaching, the outlook for the future of coral-reef ecosystems, worldwide, appears bleak. There are several key issues that limit accurate predictions of the full and lasting impact of rising SSTs. These include (1) level of confidence in the spatial and temporal patterns of the predicted warming, (2) knowledge of thermal thresholds of different reef-building coral species, and (3) the potential for corals to increase resistance to thermal stress through repeated exposure to high temperature events.\nNew skeletal markers have been developed that constrain the thermal thresholds and adaptive potential of multiple, individual coral colonies across 3-D space and through time. The method, based on 3-D CAT scan reconstructions of coral skeletons, has generated initial data from two coral species in the Red Sea, Great Barrier Reef and Phoenix Islands. Results showed that large, abrupt declines in skeletal growth occur at thresholds of accumulated heat stress defined by NOAA's Degree Heating Weeks Index (DHWs). In addition, there was a significant correlation between host lipid reserve, an independent measure of stress and mortality risk, and rates of skeletal growth. Because the coral skeleton archives the history of each coral's response to and recovery from successive, documented thermal anomalies, this approach pinpoints the thermal thresholds for sub-lethal impacts, the recovery time (if any) following a return to normal oceanographic conditions, and tests for a dampened response following successive events, indicative of acclimation.\nThis research program builds on initial work, focusing on method refinement and application to corals on two central Pacific reefs. With contrasting thermal histories, these reefs are considered at greatest risk from future ocean warming. In parallel, new experiments will be run on an ocean general-circulation model (OGCM) that is well suited to the tropical Pacific and of sufficiently high resolution, both horizontal and vertical, to maximize projections of thermal stress on specific central Pacific Reef sites over the next few decades. The OGCM output will also be of sufficient temporal resolution to compute DHWs, thus addressing a major limitation of the direct application of global climate model output (as archived for the IPCC AR4) toward coral-reef studies. Specifically, this study will: (1) collect multiple new, medium-length (15-30 yrs) cores and branches from two dominant reef-building species at 1-30m depth in the Gilbert and Jarvis Islands, central tropical Pacific; (2) apply 3-D CAT scanning and image analysis techniques to quantify systematically thermal thresholds, rates of recovery and resilience for each species, at each reef site and with depth; (3) quantify energetic reserve and symbiont genotype amongst thermally more- and less- resilient colonies, establishing a quantitative link between calcification stress and mortality risk, and determining the physiological basis for calcification responses to thermal stress; (4) use an OGCM specifically tailored to the tropical Pacific to produce a dynamically consistent set of forecasts for near-term climate change at the target reef sites; and (5) combine coral data with model output and refine the projected thermal stress forecast, in degree heating weeks, for corals in this central Pacific Island group over the 21st century.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_2_end_date String 2014-09
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_2_name String Constraining Thermal Thresholds and Projections of Temperature Stress on Pacific Coral Reefs Over the 21st Century: Method Refinement and Application
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_2_project_nid String 560428
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_2_start_date String 2010-10
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Southernmost_Northing double 7.158
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Seawater carbonate chemistry from 13 sites in Palau collected from small boats in the Palauan archipelago from 2011-2013.
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String [Palau carbonate chemistry] - Seawater carbonate chemistry from 13 sites in Palau collected from small boats in the Palauan archipelago from 2011-2013 (An Investigation of the Role of Nutrition in the Coral Calcification Response to Ocean Acidification)
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Westernmost_Easting double 134.349
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable site_name String
attribute site_name bcodmo_name String Site_Desig
attribute site_name description String Name of the site.
attribute site_name long_name String Site Name
attribute site_name units String dimensionless
variable latitude double
attribute latitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lat
attribute latitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute latitude actual_range double 7.158, 7.577
attribute latitude axis String Y
attribute latitude bcodmo_name String latitude
attribute latitude colorBarMaximum double 90.0
attribute latitude colorBarMinimum double -90.0
attribute latitude description String Latitude of the sampling location.
attribute latitude ioos_category String Location
attribute latitude long_name String Latitude
attribute latitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/ (external link)
attribute latitude standard_name String latitude
attribute latitude units String degrees_north
variable longitude double
attribute longitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lon
attribute longitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute longitude actual_range double 134.349, 134.557
attribute longitude axis String X
attribute longitude bcodmo_name String longitude
attribute longitude colorBarMaximum double 180.0
attribute longitude colorBarMinimum double -180.0
attribute longitude description String Longitude of the sampling location.
attribute longitude ioos_category String Location
attribute longitude long_name String Longitude
attribute longitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/ (external link)
attribute longitude standard_name String longitude
attribute longitude units String degrees_east
variable date int
attribute date _FillValue int 2147483647
attribute date actual_range int 20110919, 20131112
attribute date bcodmo_name String date_local
attribute date description String Date (as year-month-day); in local time zone. in YYYYmmdd format.
attribute date long_name String Date
attribute date units String unitless
variable time2 String
attribute time2 bcodmo_name String time_local
attribute time2 description String Time (hours and minutes); 24-hour clock; local time zone.
attribute time2 long_name String Time
attribute time2 units String HHMM
variable TA float
attribute TA _FillValue float NaN
attribute TA actual_range float 1858.702, 2245.173
attribute TA bcodmo_name String TALK
attribute TA description String Total alkalinity.
attribute TA long_name String TA
attribute TA nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/MDMAP014/ (external link)
attribute TA units String micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
variable DIC float
attribute DIC _FillValue float NaN
attribute DIC actual_range float 1705.471, 1947.879
attribute DIC bcodmo_name String DIC
attribute DIC description String Dissolved inorganic carbon.
attribute DIC long_name String DIC
attribute DIC units String micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
variable sal float
attribute sal _FillValue float NaN
attribute sal actual_range float 30.022, 34.137
attribute sal bcodmo_name String sal
attribute sal description String Salinity.
attribute sal long_name String Sal
attribute sal nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PSALST01/ (external link)
attribute sal units String dimensionless
variable temp float
attribute temp _FillValue float NaN
attribute temp actual_range float 26.842, 32.092
attribute temp bcodmo_name String temperature
attribute temp description String Water temperature.
attribute temp long_name String Temperature
attribute temp nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/TEMPP901/ (external link)
attribute temp units String degrees Celsius ( C)
variable pH float
attribute pH _FillValue float NaN
attribute pH actual_range float 7.78, 8.164
attribute pH bcodmo_name String pH
attribute pH colorBarMaximum double 9.0
attribute pH colorBarMinimum double 7.0
attribute pH description String pH.
attribute pH long_name String Sea Water Ph Reported On Total Scale
attribute pH nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PHXXZZXX/ (external link)
attribute pH units String dimensionless
variable pCO2 float
attribute pCO2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute pCO2 actual_range float 264.613, 717.26
attribute pCO2 bcodmo_name String pCO2
attribute pCO2 description String Partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
attribute pCO2 long_name String P CO2
attribute pCO2 nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PCO2C101/ (external link)
attribute pCO2 units String micro-atmospheres (uatm)
variable CO2_diss float
attribute CO2_diss _FillValue float NaN
attribute CO2_diss actual_range float 6.842, 18.124
attribute CO2_diss bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute CO2_diss description String Dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2).
attribute CO2_diss long_name String CO2 Diss
attribute CO2_diss units String micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
variable bicarbonate float
attribute bicarbonate _FillValue float NaN
attribute bicarbonate actual_range float 1470.431, 1758.909
attribute bicarbonate bcodmo_name String bicarbonate
attribute bicarbonate description String Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) concentration.
attribute bicarbonate long_name String Bicarbonate
attribute bicarbonate units String micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
variable carbonate float
attribute carbonate _FillValue float NaN
attribute carbonate actual_range float 112.525, 267.699
attribute carbonate bcodmo_name String carbonate
attribute carbonate description String Carbonate ion (CO3-) concentration.
attribute carbonate long_name String Carbonate
attribute carbonate units String micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
variable omega_Ca float
attribute omega_Ca _FillValue float NaN
attribute omega_Ca actual_range float 2.836, 6.553
attribute omega_Ca bcodmo_name String Calcite Saturation State
attribute omega_Ca description String The saturation state of seawater with respect to calcite.
attribute omega_Ca long_name String Omega Ca
attribute omega_Ca units String dimensionless
variable omega_Ar float
attribute omega_Ar _FillValue float NaN
attribute omega_Ar actual_range float 1.86, 4.365
attribute omega_Ar bcodmo_name String OM_ar
attribute omega_Ar description String The saturation state of seawater with respect to aragonite.
attribute omega_Ar long_name String Omega Ar
attribute omega_Ar units String dimensionless
variable NH4 float
attribute NH4 _FillValue float NaN
attribute NH4 actual_range float 0.015, 1.884
attribute NH4 bcodmo_name String Ammonium
attribute NH4 colorBarMaximum double 5.0
attribute NH4 colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute NH4 description String Ammonium (NH4+) concentration.
attribute NH4 long_name String Mole Concentration Of Ammonium In Sea Water
attribute NH4 nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AMONAAZX/ (external link)
attribute NH4 units String micromolar (uM)
variable PO4 float
attribute PO4 _FillValue float NaN
attribute PO4 actual_range float 0.009, 5.689
attribute PO4 bcodmo_name String PO4
attribute PO4 description String Phosphate (PO4---) concentration.
attribute PO4 long_name String Mass Concentration Of Phosphate In Sea Water
attribute PO4 units String micromolar (uM)
variable NO3_NO2 float
attribute NO3_NO2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute NO3_NO2 actual_range float 0.015, 1.878
attribute NO3_NO2 bcodmo_name String NO3_NO2
attribute NO3_NO2 colorBarMaximum double 50.0
attribute NO3_NO2 colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute NO3_NO2 description String Nitrate/nitrite (NO3-/NO2-) concentration.
attribute NO3_NO2 long_name String Mole Concentration Of Nitrate In Sea Water
attribute NO3_NO2 units String micromolar (uM)

 
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