BCO-DMO | ERDDAP - bcodmo_dataset_490464

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	Methodology as described in Ries et al. (2010): \n Zooxanthellate colonies of Oculina arbuscula were collected offshore of\nBogue Banks North Carolina in August 2007. After collection, the organisms\nwere transported to the Marine Calcification Laboratory at Woods Hole\nOceanographic Institution. After acclimation to the laboratory conditions,\nfragments of each colony were harvested and mounted on acrylic slides.\nSpecimens were then transferred to the experimental seawaters for additional\nacclimation for 14 days prior to the start of the experiment.\n \nThe O. arbuscula specimens were reared for 60 days from Sept. to Nov. 2007 in\nfour 38-liter glass aquaria filled with filtered seawater. The experimental\nseawaters were bubbled continuously with air-CO2 mixtures of 409, 606, 903, or\n2856 ppm pCO2. Temperature was maintained at 25 +/- 1 degrees Celsius. Aquaria\nwere illuminated 10 hours per day. Seventy-five percent seawater changes were\nmade every 14 days. Coral fragments were fed Artemia sp. every other day. The\nexperimental air-CO2 gas mixtures were formulated using Aalborg mass flow\ncontrollers, yielding average seawater saturation states of 2.6, 2.3, 1.6, and\n0.8 with respect to aragonite. Salinity, temperature, and pH of the seawaters,\nand pCO2 of the mixed gases were measured weekly. Total alkalinity was\nmeasured every 2 weeks. DIC, bicarbonate ion concentration, dissolved CO2,\naragonite saturation state, and pCO2 were calculated from the measured\nparameters. Refer to Table 1 of [Ries et al. (2010)\n](\\\\\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0632-3\\\\\")for more detail on the\nmeasured and calculated carbonate chemistry parameters, including mean, range,\nand standard deviation.\n \nA buoyant weighing method was used to estimate the corals' calcification\nrates. Calcification rates were calculated as the percent change in buoyant\nweight between the beginning and end of the experiment.\n \nEach aquarium was dosed with 137BaCO3 for 14 days at the beginning of the\nexperiment. After 14 days, the 137Ba-enriched seawaters were replaced with\nseawaters of natural Ba isotopic composition. This temporary increase in the\nconcentration of Barium-137 in the experimental seawaters resulted in a five-\nfold spike in the ratio of Ba-137 to Ba-138 in the coral skeletons accreted\nduring the first 14 days of the experiment. This spike provided the baseline\nfrom which linear extension of the coral skeletons could be measured. Four\ncoral specimens were randomly selected from each of the treatments and\nsectioned parallel to the growth axis. 137Ba/138Ba ratios were measured using\nlaser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. To determine\nlinear extension, the time elapsed from the detection of the 137Ba/138Ba spike\nand the outer edge of the coral skeleton was converted to distance by\nmultiplying the elapsed time by the scan rate of the laser.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	54896
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-1041106
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1041106
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	David L. Garrison
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	50534
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	Coral (<i>Oculina arbuscula</i>) OA experiment \n Lead PI: Anne Cohen (WHOI) \n Co-PI: Dan McCorkle (WHOI) \n Contact: Justin Ries (Northeastern Univ.) \n Version: 06 Feb 2014
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2014-02-06T16:12:34Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2019-11-21T17:47:32Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&time<now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.490464.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/490464
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_acronym	String	ICP Mass Spec
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description	String	The ratio of 137Ba to138Ba was measured using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (Thermo-Finnegan Element2 LA-ICP-MS; beam diameter = 5 lm; scan speed = 6 lm/sec; intensity = 35%; frequency 8 Hz).
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid	String	490480
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_description	String	An ICP Mass Spec is an instrument that passes nebulized samples into an inductively-coupled gas plasma (8-10000 K) where they are atomized and ionized. Ions of specific mass-to-charge ratios are quantified in a quadrupole mass spectrometer.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB15/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_name	String	Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_nid	String	530
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_supplied_name	String	ICP Mass Spec
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_acronym	String	salinometer
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_dataset_instrument_description	String	Salinity was determined using an Autosal conductivity meter in the WHOI Hydrographic Laboratory and/or using a refractometer.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid	String	490476
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_description	String	The salinometer is an instrument for measuring the salinity of a water sample.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB30/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_name	String	Autosal salinometer
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_nid	String	576
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_supplied_name	String	Autosal conductivity meter
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_acronym	String	Water Temp Sensor
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_dataset_instrument_description	String	Temperature was measured with a partial-immersion mercury-glass thermometer (precision = +/- 0.3%, accuracy = +/- 0.4%).
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_dataset_instrument_nid	String	490475
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_description	String	General term for an instrument that measures the temperature of the water with which it is in contact (thermometer).
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/134/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_instrument_name	String	Water Temperature Sensor
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_instrument_nid	String	647
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_supplied_name	String	Mercury-glass thermometer
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_acronym	String	Refractometer
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_dataset_instrument_description	String	Salinity was determined using an Autosal conductivity meter in the WHOI Hydrographic Laboratory and/or using a refractometer calibrated with simultaneous measurements of conductivity (precision = +/- 0.3%; accuracy = +/- 0.4%).
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_dataset_instrument_nid	String	490477
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_description	String	A refractometer is a laboratory or field device for the measurement of an index of refraction (refractometry). The index of refraction is calculated from Snell's law and can be calculated from the composition of the material using the Gladstone-Dale relation.\n\nIn optics the refractive index (or index of refraction) n of a substance (optical medium) is a dimensionless number that describes how light, or any other radiation, propagates through that medium.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_instrument_name	String	Refractometer
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_instrument_nid	String	679
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_supplied_name	String	Refractometer
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_4_acronym	String	Benchtop pH Meter
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_4_dataset_instrument_description	String	Seawater pH was determined weekly using an Orion pH electrode/meter (precision = +/- 0.005; accuracy = +/- 0.02).
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_4_dataset_instrument_nid	String	490478
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_4_description	String	An instrument consisting of an electronic voltmeter and pH-responsive electrode that gives a direct conversion of voltage differences to differences of pH at the measurement temperature. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms) \nThis instrument does not map to the NERC instrument vocabulary term for 'pH Sensor' which measures values in the water column. Benchtop models are typically employed for stationary lab applications.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_4_instrument_name	String	Benchtop pH Meter
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_4_instrument_nid	String	681
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_4_supplied_name	String	pH Meter
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_5_acronym	String	Aquarium
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_5_dataset_instrument_description	String	Specimens of O. arbuscula were reared in each of four 38-liter glass aquaria (76 specimens in total) filled with 0.2 um-filtered seawater.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_5_dataset_instrument_nid	String	490472
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_5_description	String	Aquarium - a vivarium consisting of at least one transparent side in which water-dwelling plants or animals are kept
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_5_instrument_name	String	Aquarium
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_5_instrument_nid	String	711
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_5_supplied_name	String	Aquarium
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_6_acronym	String	MFC
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_6_dataset_instrument_description	String	The experimental air-CO2 gases were formulated using Aalborg mass flow controllers. See more information from Aalborg.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_6_dataset_instrument_nid	String	490473
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_6_description	String	Mass Flow Controller (MFC) - A device used to measure and control the flow of fluids and gases
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_6_instrument_name	String	Mass Flow Controller
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_6_instrument_nid	String	712
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_6_supplied_name	String	MFC
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_7_acronym	String	Scale
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_7_dataset_instrument_description	String	Buoyant weights were determined using an aluminum wire hanging from a Cole Parmer bottom-loading scale.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_7_dataset_instrument_nid	String	490479
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_7_description	String	An instrument used to measure weight or mass.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_7_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB13/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_7_instrument_name	String	Scale
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_7_instrument_nid	String	714
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_7_supplied_name	String	Scale
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_8_acronym	String	Gas Analyzer
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_8_dataset_instrument_description	String	Mixed gas pCO2 was measured with a Qubit S151 infrared analyzer (calibrated using certified air-CO2 gas standards; precision = +/- 2.0%; accuracy = +/- 1.8%). More information from the manufacturer: Q-S151 CO2 Analyzer
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_8_dataset_instrument_nid	String	490474
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_8_description	String	Gas Analyzers - Instruments for determining the qualitative and quantitative composition of gas mixtures.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_8_instrument_name	String	Gas Analyzer
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_8_instrument_nid	String	720
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_8_supplied_name	String	Qubit S151 infrared analyzer
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	arg, bco, bco-dmo, biological, buoyant, buoyant_wt_final, buoyant_wt_init, calcification, calcification_rate, chemical, data, dataset, dmo, erddap, ext, final, init, linear, linear_ext, management, oceanography, office, omega, omega_Arg, preliminary, rate, sample, species
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/490464/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/490464
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'490464': {}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/490464/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Anne L Cohen
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	51428
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Lead Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Daniel C McCorkle
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	51429
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	Northeastern University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation_acronym	String	NEU
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Justin B. Ries
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	51345
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	Contact
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_name	String	Shannon Rauch
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_nid	String	51498
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	OA Nutrition and Coral Calcification
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	OA Nutrition and Coral Calcification
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	The project description is a modification of the original NSF award abstract.\nThis research project is part of the larger NSF funded CRI-OA collaborative research initiative and was funded as an Ocean Acidification-Category 1, 2010 award. Over the course of this century, all tropical coral reef ecosystems, whether fringing heavily populated coastlines or lining remote islands and atolls, face unprecedented threat from ocean acidification caused by rising levels of atmospheric CO2. In many laboratory experiments conducted to date, calcium carbonate production (calcification) by scleractinian (stony) corals showed an inverse correlation to seawater saturation state OMEGAar), whether OMEGAar was manipulated by acid or CO2 addition. Based on these data, it is predicted that coral calcification rates could decline by up to 80% of modern values by the end of this century. A growing body of new experimental data however, suggests that the coral calcification response to ocean acidification may be less straightforward and a lot more variable than previously recognized. In at least 10 recent experiments including our own, 8 different tropical and temperate species reared under nutritionally-replete but significantly elevated CO2 conditions (780-1200 ppm, OMEAGar ~1.5-2), continued to calcify at rates comparable to conspecifics reared under ambient CO2. These experimental results are consistent with initial field data collected on reefs in the eastern Pacific and southern Oman, where corals today live and accrete their skeletons under conditions equivalent to 2X and 3X pre-industrial CO2. On these high CO2, high nutrient reefs (where nitrate concentrations typically exceed 2.5 micro-molar), coral growth rates rival, and sometimes even exceed, those of conspecifics in low CO2, oligotrophic reef environments.\nThe investigators propose that a coral's energetic status, tightly coupled to the availability of inorganic nutrients and/or food, is a key factor in the calcification response to CO2-induced ocean acidification. Their hypothesis, if confirmed by the proposed laboratory investigations, implies that predicted changes in coastal and open ocean nutrient concentrations over the course of this century, driven by both climate impacts on ocean stratification and by increased human activity in coastal regions, could play a critical role in exacerbating and in some areas, modulating the coral reef response to ocean acidification. This research program builds on the investigators initial results and observations. The planned laboratory experiments will test the hypothesis that: (1) The coral calcification response to ocean acidification is linked to the energetic status of the coral host. The relative contribution of symbiont photosynthesis and heterotrophic feeding to a coral's energetic status varies amongst species. Enhancing the energetic status of corals reared under high CO2, either by stimulating photosynthesis with inorganic nutrients or by direct heterotrophic feeding of the host lowers the sensitivity of calcification to decreased seawater OMEGAar; (2) A species-specific threshold CO2 level exists over which enhanced energetic status can no longer compensate for decreased OMEGAar of the external seawater. Similarly, we will test the hypothesis that a nutrient threshold exists over which nutrients become detrimental for calcification even under high CO2 conditions; and (3) Temperature-induced reduction of algal symbionts is one stressor that can reduce the energetic reserve of the coral host and exacerbate the calcification response to ocean acidification.\nThe investigator's initial findings highlight the critical importance of energetic status in the coral calcification response to ocean acidification. Verification of these findings in the laboratory, and identification of nutrient and CO2 thresholds for a range of species will have immediate, direct impact on predictions of reef resilience in a high CO2 world. The research project brings together a diverse group of expertise in coral biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography, molecular biology and coral reproductive ecology to focus on a problem that has enormous societal, economic and conservation relevance.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2013-09
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	global; experimental
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	An Investigation of the Role of Nutrition in the Coral Calcification Response to Ocean Acidification
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	2183
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2010-10
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	subsetVariables	String	species
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Data from experiments examining the effect of CO2-induced ocean acidification\non the scleractinian coral Oculina arbuscula.\n \nFor more information on the experimental methods and results, see Ries et al.,\n2010.\n \nThese data have also been deposited to PANGAEA where additional carbonate\nsystem variables were calculated as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). See:\n[http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.754790](\\\\http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.754790\\\\)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	Calcification and linear extension rates for Oculina arbuscula corals grown under different pCO2 levels; from the Cohen lab at WHOI in Woods Hole, MA (OA Nutrition and Coral Calcification project)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	omega_Arg		float
attribute	omega_Arg	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	omega_Arg	actual_range	float	0.77, 2.6
attribute	omega_Arg	bcodmo_name	String	OM_ar
attribute	omega_Arg	description	String	Saturation state with respect to aragonite.
attribute	omega_Arg	long_name	String	Omega Arg
attribute	omega_Arg	units	String	dimensionless
variable	species		String
attribute	species	bcodmo_name	String	species
attribute	species	description	String	Name of the coral species.
attribute	species	long_name	String	Species
attribute	species	units	String	dimensionless
variable	sample		String
attribute	sample	bcodmo_name	String	sample
attribute	sample	description	String	Unique sample indentifier.
attribute	sample	long_name	String	Sample
attribute	sample	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/
attribute	sample	units	String	dimensionless
variable	buoyant_wt_init		short
attribute	buoyant_wt_init	_FillValue	short	32767
attribute	buoyant_wt_init	actual_range	short	1180, 3964
attribute	buoyant_wt_init	bcodmo_name	String	weight
attribute	buoyant_wt_init	description	String	Initial buoyant weight of the coral; measured at the beginning of the experiment.
attribute	buoyant_wt_init	long_name	String	Buoyant Wt Init
attribute	buoyant_wt_init	units	String	milligrams (mg)
variable	buoyant_wt_final		short
attribute	buoyant_wt_final	_FillValue	short	32767
attribute	buoyant_wt_final	actual_range	short	1329, 4340
attribute	buoyant_wt_final	bcodmo_name	String	weight
attribute	buoyant_wt_final	description	String	Final buoyant weight of the coral; measured at the end of the experiment.
attribute	buoyant_wt_final	long_name	String	Buoyant Wt Final
attribute	buoyant_wt_final	units	String	milligrams (mg)
variable	calcification_rate		float
attribute	calcification_rate	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	calcification_rate	actual_range	float	0.8, 13.9
attribute	calcification_rate	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	calcification_rate	description	String	Calcification rate measured as the percent change in buoyant weight over the course of the experiment (60 days).
attribute	calcification_rate	long_name	String	Calcification Rate
attribute	calcification_rate	units	String	percent (%)
variable	linear_ext		short
attribute	linear_ext	_FillValue	short	32767
attribute	linear_ext	actual_range	short	119, 1550
attribute	linear_ext	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	linear_ext	description	String	Linear extension of the coral skeleton; distance from the 137Ba/138Ba spike to the outer edge of the coral skeleton. Measured on 4 specimens randomly selected from each of the treatments.
attribute	linear_ext	long_name	String	Linear Ext
attribute	linear_ext	units	String	micrometers (um)

Row Type

Variable Name

Attribute Name

Data Type

Value

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

access_formats

String

.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

acquisition_description

String

Methodology as described in Ries et al. (2010): \n Zooxanthellate colonies of Oculina arbuscula were collected offshore of\nBogue Banks North Carolina in August 2007. After collection, the organisms\nwere transported to the Marine Calcification Laboratory at Woods Hole\nOceanographic Institution. After acclimation to the laboratory conditions,\nfragments of each colony were harvested and mounted on acrylic slides.\nSpecimens were then transferred to the experimental seawaters for additional\nacclimation for 14 days prior to the start of the experiment.\n \nThe O. arbuscula specimens were reared for 60 days from Sept. to Nov. 2007 in\nfour 38-liter glass aquaria filled with filtered seawater. The experimental\nseawaters were bubbled continuously with air-CO2 mixtures of 409, 606, 903, or\n2856 ppm pCO2. Temperature was maintained at 25 +/- 1 degrees Celsius. Aquaria\nwere illuminated 10 hours per day. Seventy-five percent seawater changes were\nmade every 14 days. Coral fragments were fed Artemia sp. every other day. The\nexperimental air-CO2 gas mixtures were formulated using Aalborg mass flow\ncontrollers, yielding average seawater saturation states of 2.6, 2.3, 1.6, and\n0.8 with respect to aragonite. Salinity, temperature, and pH of the seawaters,\nand pCO2 of the mixed gases were measured weekly. Total alkalinity was\nmeasured every 2 weeks. DIC, bicarbonate ion concentration, dissolved CO2,\naragonite saturation state, and pCO2 were calculated from the measured\nparameters. Refer to Table 1 of [Ries et al. (2010)\n](\\\\\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0632-3\\\\\")for more detail on the\nmeasured and calculated carbonate chemistry parameters, including mean, range,\nand standard deviation.\n \nA buoyant weighing method was used to estimate the corals' calcification\nrates. Calcification rates were calculated as the percent change in buoyant\nweight between the beginning and end of the experiment.\n \nEach aquarium was dosed with 137BaCO3 for 14 days at the beginning of the\nexperiment. After 14 days, the 137Ba-enriched seawaters were replaced with\nseawaters of natural Ba isotopic composition. This temporary increase in the\nconcentration of Barium-137 in the experimental seawaters resulted in a five-\nfold spike in the ratio of Ba-137 to Ba-138 in the coral skeletons accreted\nduring the first 14 days of the experiment. This spike provided the baseline\nfrom which linear extension of the coral skeletons could be measured. Four\ncoral specimens were randomly selected from each of the treatments and\nsectioned parallel to the growth axis. 137Ba/138Ba ratios were measured using\nlaser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. To determine\nlinear extension, the time elapsed from the detection of the 137Ba/138Ba spike\nand the outer edge of the coral skeleton was converted to distance by\nmultiplying the elapsed time by the scan rate of the laser.

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_award_nid

String

54896

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_award_number

String

OCE-1041106

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_data_url

String

http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1041106 (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_funder_name

String

NSF Division of Ocean Sciences

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_funding_acronym

String

NSF OCE

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_funding_source_nid

String

355

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_program_manager

String

David L. Garrison

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_program_manager_nid

String

50534

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

cdm_data_type

String

Other

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

comment

String

Coral (<i>Oculina arbuscula</i>) OA experiment \n Lead PI: Anne Cohen (WHOI) \n Co-PI: Dan McCorkle (WHOI) \n Contact: Justin Ries (Northeastern Univ.) \n Version: 06 Feb 2014

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

Conventions

String

COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

creator_email

String

info at bco-dmo.org

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

creator_name

String

BCO-DMO

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

creator_type

String

institution

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

creator_url

String

https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

data_source

String

extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

date_created

String

2014-02-06T16:12:34Z

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

date_modified

String

2019-11-21T17:47:32Z

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

defaultDataQuery

String

&time<now

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

doi

String

10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.490464.1

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

infoUrl

String

https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/490464 (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

institution

String

BCO-DMO

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_0_acronym

String

ICP Mass Spec

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description

String

The ratio of 137Ba to138Ba was measured using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (Thermo-Finnegan Element2 LA-ICP-MS; beam diameter = 5 lm; scan speed = 6 lm/sec; intensity = 35%; frequency 8 Hz).

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid

String

490480

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_0_description

String

An ICP Mass Spec is an instrument that passes nebulized samples into an inductively-coupled gas plasma (8-10000 K) where they are atomized and ionized. Ions of specific mass-to-charge ratios are quantified in a quadrupole mass spectrometer.

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier

String

https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB15/ (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_0_instrument_name

String

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_0_instrument_nid

String

530

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_0_supplied_name

String

ICP Mass Spec

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_1_acronym

String

salinometer

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_1_dataset_instrument_description

String

Salinity was determined using an Autosal conductivity meter in the WHOI Hydrographic Laboratory and/or using a refractometer.

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid

String

490476

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_1_description

String

The salinometer is an instrument for measuring the salinity of a water sample.

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_1_instrument_external_identifier

String

https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB30/ (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_1_instrument_name

String

Autosal salinometer

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_1_instrument_nid

String

576

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_1_supplied_name

String

Autosal conductivity meter

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_2_acronym

String

Water Temp Sensor

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_2_dataset_instrument_description

String

Temperature was measured with a partial-immersion mercury-glass thermometer (precision = +/- 0.3%, accuracy = +/- 0.4%).

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_2_dataset_instrument_nid

String

490475

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_2_description

String

General term for an instrument that measures the temperature of the water with which it is in contact (thermometer).

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_2_instrument_external_identifier

String

https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/134/ (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_2_instrument_name

String

Water Temperature Sensor

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_2_instrument_nid

String

647

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_2_supplied_name

String

Mercury-glass thermometer

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_3_acronym

String

Refractometer

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_3_dataset_instrument_description

String

Salinity was determined using an Autosal conductivity meter in the WHOI Hydrographic Laboratory and/or using a refractometer calibrated with simultaneous measurements of conductivity (precision = +/- 0.3%; accuracy = +/- 0.4%).

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_3_dataset_instrument_nid

String

490477

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_3_description

String

A refractometer is a laboratory or field device for the measurement of an index of refraction (refractometry). The index of refraction is calculated from Snell's law and can be calculated from the composition of the material using the Gladstone-Dale relation.\n\nIn optics the refractive index (or index of refraction) n of a substance (optical medium) is a dimensionless number that describes how light, or any other radiation, propagates through that medium.

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_3_instrument_name

String

Refractometer

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_3_instrument_nid

String

679

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_3_supplied_name

String

Refractometer

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_4_acronym

String

Benchtop pH Meter

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_4_dataset_instrument_description

String

Seawater pH was determined weekly using an Orion pH electrode/meter (precision = +/- 0.005; accuracy = +/- 0.02).

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_4_dataset_instrument_nid

String

490478

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_4_description

String

An instrument consisting of an electronic voltmeter and pH-responsive electrode that gives a direct conversion of voltage differences to differences of pH at the measurement temperature. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms) \nThis instrument does not map to the NERC instrument vocabulary term for 'pH Sensor' which measures values in the water column. Benchtop models are typically employed for stationary lab applications.

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_4_instrument_name

String

Benchtop pH Meter

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_4_instrument_nid

String

681

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_4_supplied_name

String

pH Meter

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_5_acronym

String

Aquarium

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_5_dataset_instrument_description

String

Specimens of O. arbuscula were reared in each of four 38-liter glass aquaria (76 specimens in total) filled with 0.2 um-filtered seawater.

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_5_dataset_instrument_nid

String

490472

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_5_description

String

Aquarium - a vivarium consisting of at least one transparent side in which water-dwelling plants or animals are kept

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_5_instrument_name

String

Aquarium

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_5_instrument_nid

String

711

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_5_supplied_name

String

Aquarium

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_6_acronym

String

MFC

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_6_dataset_instrument_description

String

The experimental air-CO2 gases were formulated using Aalborg mass flow controllers. See more information from Aalborg.

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_6_dataset_instrument_nid

String

490473

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_6_description

String

Mass Flow Controller (MFC) - A device used to measure and control the flow of fluids and gases

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_6_instrument_name

String

Mass Flow Controller

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_6_instrument_nid

String

712

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_6_supplied_name

String

MFC

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_7_acronym

String

Scale

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_7_dataset_instrument_description

String

Buoyant weights were determined using an aluminum wire hanging from a Cole Parmer bottom-loading scale.

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_7_dataset_instrument_nid

String

490479

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_7_description

String

An instrument used to measure weight or mass.

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_7_instrument_external_identifier

String

https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB13/ (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_7_instrument_name

String

Scale

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_7_instrument_nid

String

714

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_7_supplied_name

String

Scale

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_8_acronym

String

Gas Analyzer

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_8_dataset_instrument_description

String

Mixed gas pCO2 was measured with a Qubit S151 infrared analyzer (calibrated using certified air-CO2 gas standards; precision = +/- 2.0%; accuracy = +/- 1.8%). More information from the manufacturer: Q-S151 CO2 Analyzer

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_8_dataset_instrument_nid

String

490474

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_8_description

String

Gas Analyzers - Instruments for determining the qualitative and quantitative composition of gas mixtures.

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_8_instrument_name

String

Gas Analyzer

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_8_instrument_nid

String

720

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_8_supplied_name

String

Qubit S151 infrared analyzer

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

keywords

String

arg, bco, bco-dmo, biological, buoyant, buoyant_wt_final, buoyant_wt_init, calcification, calcification_rate, chemical, data, dataset, dmo, erddap, ext, final, init, linear, linear_ext, management, oceanography, office, omega, omega_Arg, preliminary, rate, sample, species

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

license

String

https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/490464/license (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

metadata_source

String

https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/490464 (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

param_mapping

String

{'490464': {}}

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

parameter_source

String

https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/490464/parameters (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_affiliation

String

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_affiliation_acronym

String

WHOI

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_person_name

String

Anne L Cohen

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_person_nid

String

51428

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_role

String

Lead Principal Investigator

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_role_type

String

originator

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_affiliation

String

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_affiliation_acronym

String

WHOI

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_person_name

String

Daniel C McCorkle

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_person_nid

String

51429

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_role

String

Co-Principal Investigator

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_role_type

String

originator

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_2_affiliation

String

Northeastern University

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_2_affiliation_acronym

String

NEU

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_2_person_name

String

Justin B. Ries

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_2_person_nid

String

51345

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_2_role

String

Contact

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_2_role_type

String

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_3_affiliation

String

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_3_affiliation_acronym

String

WHOI BCO-DMO

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_3_person_name

String

Shannon Rauch

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_3_person_nid

String

51498

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_3_role

String

BCO-DMO Data Manager

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_3_role_type

String

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

project

String

OA Nutrition and Coral Calcification

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_acronym

String

OA Nutrition and Coral Calcification

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_description

String

The project description is a modification of the original NSF award abstract.\nThis research project is part of the larger NSF funded CRI-OA collaborative research initiative and was funded as an Ocean Acidification-Category 1, 2010 award. Over the course of this century, all tropical coral reef ecosystems, whether fringing heavily populated coastlines or lining remote islands and atolls, face unprecedented threat from ocean acidification caused by rising levels of atmospheric CO2. In many laboratory experiments conducted to date, calcium carbonate production (calcification) by scleractinian (stony) corals showed an inverse correlation to seawater saturation state OMEGAar), whether OMEGAar was manipulated by acid or CO2 addition. Based on these data, it is predicted that coral calcification rates could decline by up to 80% of modern values by the end of this century. A growing body of new experimental data however, suggests that the coral calcification response to ocean acidification may be less straightforward and a lot more variable than previously recognized. In at least 10 recent experiments including our own, 8 different tropical and temperate species reared under nutritionally-replete but significantly elevated CO2 conditions (780-1200 ppm, OMEAGar ~1.5-2), continued to calcify at rates comparable to conspecifics reared under ambient CO2. These experimental results are consistent with initial field data collected on reefs in the eastern Pacific and southern Oman, where corals today live and accrete their skeletons under conditions equivalent to 2X and 3X pre-industrial CO2. On these high CO2, high nutrient reefs (where nitrate concentrations typically exceed 2.5 micro-molar), coral growth rates rival, and sometimes even exceed, those of conspecifics in low CO2, oligotrophic reef environments.\nThe investigators propose that a coral's energetic status, tightly coupled to the availability of inorganic nutrients and/or food, is a key factor in the calcification response to CO2-induced ocean acidification. Their hypothesis, if confirmed by the proposed laboratory investigations, implies that predicted changes in coastal and open ocean nutrient concentrations over the course of this century, driven by both climate impacts on ocean stratification and by increased human activity in coastal regions, could play a critical role in exacerbating and in some areas, modulating the coral reef response to ocean acidification. This research program builds on the investigators initial results and observations. The planned laboratory experiments will test the hypothesis that: (1) The coral calcification response to ocean acidification is linked to the energetic status of the coral host. The relative contribution of symbiont photosynthesis and heterotrophic feeding to a coral's energetic status varies amongst species. Enhancing the energetic status of corals reared under high CO2, either by stimulating photosynthesis with inorganic nutrients or by direct heterotrophic feeding of the host lowers the sensitivity of calcification to decreased seawater OMEGAar; (2) A species-specific threshold CO2 level exists over which enhanced energetic status can no longer compensate for decreased OMEGAar of the external seawater. Similarly, we will test the hypothesis that a nutrient threshold exists over which nutrients become detrimental for calcification even under high CO2 conditions; and (3) Temperature-induced reduction of algal symbionts is one stressor that can reduce the energetic reserve of the coral host and exacerbate the calcification response to ocean acidification.\nThe investigator's initial findings highlight the critical importance of energetic status in the coral calcification response to ocean acidification. Verification of these findings in the laboratory, and identification of nutrient and CO2 thresholds for a range of species will have immediate, direct impact on predictions of reef resilience in a high CO2 world. The research project brings together a diverse group of expertise in coral biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography, molecular biology and coral reproductive ecology to focus on a problem that has enormous societal, economic and conservation relevance.

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_end_date

String

2013-09

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_geolocation

String

global; experimental

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_name

String

An Investigation of the Role of Nutrition in the Coral Calcification Response to Ocean Acidification

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_project_nid

String

2183

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_start_date

String

2010-10

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

publisher_name

String

Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

publisher_type

String

institution

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

sourceUrl

String

(local files)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

standard_name_vocabulary

String

CF Standard Name Table v55

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

subsetVariables

String

species

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

summary

String

Data from experiments examining the effect of CO2-induced ocean acidification\non the scleractinian coral Oculina arbuscula.\n \nFor more information on the experimental methods and results, see Ries et al.,\n2010.\n \nThese data have also been deposited to PANGAEA where additional carbonate\nsystem variables were calculated as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). See:\n[http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.754790](\\\\http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.754790\\\\)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

title

String

Calcification and linear extension rates for Oculina arbuscula corals grown under different pCO2 levels; from the Cohen lab at WHOI in Woods Hole, MA (OA Nutrition and Coral Calcification project)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

version

String

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

xml_source

String

osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3

variable

omega_Arg

float

attribute

omega_Arg

_FillValue

float

NaN

attribute

omega_Arg

actual_range

float

0.77, 2.6

attribute

omega_Arg

bcodmo_name

String

OM_ar

attribute

omega_Arg

description

String

Saturation state with respect to aragonite.

attribute

omega_Arg

long_name

String

Omega Arg

attribute

omega_Arg

units

String

dimensionless

variable

species

String

attribute

species

bcodmo_name

String

species

attribute

species

description

String

Name of the coral species.

attribute

species

long_name

String

Species

attribute

species

units

String

dimensionless

variable

sample

String

attribute

sample

bcodmo_name

String

sample

attribute

sample

description

String

Unique sample indentifier.

attribute

sample

long_name

String

Sample

attribute

sample

nerc_identifier

String

https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/ (external link)

attribute

sample

units

String

dimensionless

variable

buoyant_wt_init

short

attribute

buoyant_wt_init

_FillValue

short

32767

attribute

buoyant_wt_init

actual_range

short

1180, 3964

attribute

buoyant_wt_init

bcodmo_name

String

weight

attribute

buoyant_wt_init

description

String

Initial buoyant weight of the coral; measured at the beginning of the experiment.

attribute

buoyant_wt_init

long_name

String

Buoyant Wt Init

attribute

buoyant_wt_init

units

String

milligrams (mg)

variable

buoyant_wt_final

short

attribute

buoyant_wt_final

_FillValue

short

32767

attribute

buoyant_wt_final

actual_range

short

1329, 4340

attribute

buoyant_wt_final

bcodmo_name

String

weight

attribute

buoyant_wt_final

description

String

Final buoyant weight of the coral; measured at the end of the experiment.

attribute

buoyant_wt_final

long_name

String

Buoyant Wt Final

attribute

buoyant_wt_final

units

String

milligrams (mg)

variable

calcification_rate

float

attribute

calcification_rate

_FillValue

float

NaN

attribute

calcification_rate

actual_range

float

0.8, 13.9

attribute

calcification_rate

bcodmo_name

String

unknown

attribute

calcification_rate

description

String

Calcification rate measured as the percent change in buoyant weight over the course of the experiment (60 days).

attribute

calcification_rate

long_name

String

Calcification Rate

attribute

calcification_rate

units

String

percent (%)

variable

linear_ext

short

attribute

linear_ext

_FillValue

short

32767

attribute

linear_ext

actual_range

short

119, 1550

attribute

linear_ext

bcodmo_name

String

unknown

attribute

linear_ext

description

String

Linear extension of the coral skeleton; distance from the 137Ba/138Ba spike to the outer edge of the coral skeleton. Measured on 4 specimens randomly selected from each of the treatments.

attribute

linear_ext

long_name

String

Linear Ext

attribute

linear_ext

units

String

micrometers (um)

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