BCO-DMO | ERDDAP - bcodmo_dataset_643915

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	[Reference cited below are from Dell et al (2016) Plos One.] \nStudy site and species: \n This study was conducted between January and May in 2013 and 2015 on the\ncoral coast of Fiji\\u2019s main island, Viti Levu, in the villages of Votua\nand Vatu-o-lailai (18\\u00b012\\u201932S, 177\\u00b042\\u201900E and\n18\\u00b012\\u201913S, 177\\u00b041\\u201929E respectively; Fig 1). These villages\nare ~3km apart and each has jurisdiction over their stretch of reef flat; a\nhabitat ranging between ~1.5 and 3m deep at high tide and between ~0 and 1.5m\ndeep at low tide. In 2002, these villages established small areas (0.8km2 in\nVotua and 0.5 km2 in Vatu-o-lailai; Fig 1) as no-take MPAs [25]. Though MPA\nand non-MPA areas were initially similar in coral and macroalgal cover (33-42%\nmacroalgal cover; 3-12% coral cover [25]), MPAs now differ significantly from\nthe adjacent non-MPAs in benthic cover and fish diversity and abundance. MPAs\nnow have ~56% live coral cover on hard substrate, ~2% macroalgal cover, ~8\nfold higher biomass of herbivorous fishes, and higher recruitment of both\nfishes and corals than the non-MPAs [5,22]. Meanwhile the non-MPAs have lower\nfish biomass, 5-16% live coral cover on hard substrates and 51-92% macroalgal\ncover, the majority of which is comprised by Phaeophytes (primarily Sargassum\npolycystum C. Agardh [22]). In the MPAs, macroalgal cover is restricted to the\nshallowest, most shoreward areas (where access by herbivorous fishes appears\nlimited), whereas macroalgal cover in the non-MPAs extends throughout the\nhabitat. Thus, over distances of only a few hundred metres, there are dramatic\ndifferences in community composition that may impact the efficacy of factors\ncontrolling macroalgal populations, without the confounding factors of great\ndifferences in space or time.\n \nEffect of habitat and origin on the survival and growth of mature S.\npolycystum fronds\n \nWe used Sargassum polycystum as a study organism because it is often the most\nconspicuous macroalgal species on degraded Pacific reefs and can grow to\ndominate large areas [22,28-30]. On reefs lacking adequate herbivory, S.\npolycystum can reach 8.55 kg wet weight per square metre [28] and its odour\ncan suppress both fish and coral recruitment [5], potentially limiting reef\nrecovery. In Fiji, perennial holdfasts start regenerating in December and by\nthe end of its growing season in June, S. polycystum commonly dominates large\nexpanses of the unprotected reef flats [22,29]. Around this time it may\nreproduce sexually via spores that disperse only one to three metres [31],\nsuggesting the potential for reduced connectivity between even nearby sites.\nAfter June, S. polycystum senesces leaving the perennial rhizomes sheltered\nwithin the reef structure. Populations in our study area will have undergone\nabout 10 generations since MPA establishment, which has been shown to be\nadequate time for population differentiation among some species if selection\nis strong [24,32].\n \nThe dearth of S. polycystum in the MPAs and its high abundance in the non-MPAs\ncould be due to differing physical conditions in those locations. To\ninvestigate the role of physical conditions and to test whether S. polycystum\nin these areas was acclimatising to the different local conditions, a\nreciprocal transplant experiment was performed between the MPAs and non-MPAs\nat two villages to measure survival and growth of mature S. polycystum as a\nfunction of origin (from the MPA or non-MPA) and habitat (placed in the MPA or\nnon-MPA) when the fronds were protected from herbivory in cages.\n \nThe uppermost 15 centimetres of a S. polycystum frond was collected from 40\nseparate holdfasts in the MPA and 40 in the non-MPA of the villages of both\nVotua and Vatu-o-lailai. To minimise the likelihood of collecting multiple\nfronds from a single clone, the holdfasts were separated by at least two\nmetres. The lowest five centimetres of each frond were defoliated, the fronds\nwere then blotted dry with paper towels and weighed to the nearest 0.1g. The\ntop of the defoliated section was marked by piercing the thallus with a needle\nand tying a thread at this 5cm point to set a standard from which to measure\ngrowth in length. One strand of S. polycystum from the MPA and one from the\nnon-MPA were affixed 20cm apart in the centre of a 50cm piece of 3-strand\nrope. The lowest 5cm of each algal stipe was threaded through the rope to\nanchor the strand in place. Four ropes were affixed in each of five cages\n(dimensions 1m x 1m x 0.8m constructed of 1cm mesh) by the two 10cm end\nsections of each rope so that the rope\\u2019s centre, holding the algae, was\nraised a few centimetres above the substrate. Five cages were anchored at a\ndepth of ~1.2m at low tide in both each MPA and non-MPA so that cages at each\nlocation were separated by a minimum of two metres. After one month, the\nlength (from the threaded point) and mass of each frond were measured to\nassess growth.\n \nChange in length was measured in centimetres after two and four weeks. As mass\nmeasurements required removing the fronds from the water, to minimise stress\nto the organism, change in mass was measured in grams only after four weeks.\nBecause significant effects were the same in each of these data sets, only\nresults from height change at week four are reported. A mean change in length\nwas calculated separately for the MPA and non-MPA adults in each cage,\nyielding an n=5 for each location. Within each independent cage, we calculated\nthe mean growth of MPA origin fronds, the mean growth of non-MPA fronds, and\nused the difference between these values in paired t-tests run separately for\neach location testing the effect of origin on growth over the four weeks.\nThese difference scores were normally distributed.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	480718
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-0929119
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0929119
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	David L. Garrison
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	50534
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	mature growth \n Growth of mature caged Sargassum polycystum fronds from MPAs and non-MPAs when reciprocally transplanted \n These data were published in Dell et al (2016) PLOS ONE, Fig. 2 \n version: 2016-05-02 \n \n M. Hay (GA Tech)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2016-04-29T15:48:27Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2016-05-03T17:23:19Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&time<now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.644663
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Easternmost_Easting	double	177.7
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_max	double	-18.204
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_min	double	-18.208
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_units	String	degrees_north
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_max	double	177.7
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_min	double	177.691
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_units	String	degrees_east
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/643915
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_acronym	String	Scale
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid	String	644023
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_description	String	An instrument used to measure weight or mass.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB13/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_name	String	Scale
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_nid	String	714
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, data, dataset, dmo, erddap, growth, latitude, longitude, management, oceanography, office, origin, preliminary, village
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/643915/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/643915
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Northernmost_Northing	double	-18.204
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'643915': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'lon': 'master - longitude'}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/643915/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	Georgia Institute of Technology
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation_acronym	String	Georgia Tech
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Mark Hay
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	480720
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Nancy Copley
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	50396
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	Killer Seaweeds
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	Killer Seaweeds
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	Extracted from the NSF award abstract:\nCoral reefs are in dramatic global decline, with reefs commonly converting from species-rich and topographically-complex communities dominated by corals to species- poor and topographically-simplified communities dominated by seaweeds. These phase-shifts result in fundamental loss of ecosystem function. Despite debate about whether coral-to-algal transitions are commonly a primary cause, or simply a consequence, of coral mortality, rigorous field investigation of seaweed-coral competition has received limited attention. There is limited information on how the outcome of seaweed-coral competition varies among species or the relative importance of different competitive mechanisms in facilitating seaweed dominance. In an effort to address this topic, the PI will conduct field experiments in the tropical South Pacific (Fiji) to determine the effects of seaweeds on corals when in direct contact, which seaweeds are most damaging to corals, the role allelopathic lipids that are transferred via contact in producing these effects, the identity and surface concentrations of these metabolites, and the dynamic nature of seaweed metabolite production and coral response following contact. The herbivorous fishes most responsible for controlling allelopathic seaweeds will be identified, the roles of seaweed metabolites in allelopathy vs herbivore deterrence will be studied, and the potential for better managing and conserving critical reef herbivores so as to slow or reverse conversion of coral reef to seaweed meadows will be examined.\nPreliminary results indicate that seaweeds may commonly damage corals via lipid- soluble allelochemicals. Such chemically-mediated interactions could kill or damage adult corals and produce the suppression of coral fecundity and recruitment noted by previous investigators and could precipitate positive feedback mechanisms making reef recovery increasingly unlikely as seaweed abundance increases. Chemically-mediated seaweed-coral competition may play a critical role in the degradation of present-day coral reefs. Increasing information on which seaweeds are most aggressive to corals and which herbivores best limit these seaweeds may prove useful in better managing reefs to facilitate resilience and possible recovery despite threats of global-scale stresses. Fiji is well positioned to rapidly use findings from this project for better management of reef resources because it has already erected >260 MPAs, Fijian villagers have already bought-in to the value of MPAs, and the Fiji Locally-Managed Marine Area (FLMMA) Network is well organized to get information to villagers in a culturally sensitive and useful manner.\nThe broader impacts of this project are far reaching. The project provides training opportunities for 2-2.5 Ph.D students and 1 undergraduate student each year in the interdisciplinary areas of marine ecology, marine conservation, and marine chemical ecology. Findings from this project will be immediately integrated into classes at Ga Tech and made available throughout Fiji via a foundation and web site that have already set-up to support marine conservation efforts in Fiji and marine education efforts both within Fiji and internationally. Business and community leaders from Atlanta (via Rotary International Service efforts) have been recruited to help organize and fund community service and outreach projects in Fiji -- several of which are likely to involve marine conservation and education based in part on these efforts there. Media outlets (National Geographic, NPR, Animal Planet, Audubon Magazine, etc.) and local Rotary clubs will be used to better disseminate these discoveries to the public.\nPUBLICATIONS PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF THIS RESEARCH\nRasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kubanek J, and ME Hay. \"Macroalgal terpenes function as allelopathic agents against reef corals\", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 108, 2011, p. 17726.\nBeattie AJ, ME Hay, B Magnusson, R de Nys, J Smeathers, JFV Vincent. \"Ecology and bioprospecting,\" Austral Ecology, v.36, 2011, p. 341.\nRasher DB and ME Hay. \"Seaweed allelopathy degrades the resilience and function of coral reefs,\" Communicative and Integrative Biology, v.3, 2010.\nHay ME, Rasher DB. \"Corals in crisis,\" The Scientist, v.24, 2010, p. 42.\nHay ME and DB Rasher. \"Coral reefs in crisis: reversing the biotic death spiral,\" Faculty 1000 Biology Reports 2010, v.2, 2010.\nRasher DB and ME Hay. \"Chemically rich seaweeds poison corals when not controlled by herbivores\", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v.107, 2010, p. 9683.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2014-08
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	Viti Levu, Fiji (18º13.049’S, 177º42.968’E)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	480717
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2009-09
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Southernmost_Northing	double	-18.208
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Raw data on the growth of mature Sargassum polycystum fronds originated from\nmarine protected and non-protected areas (MPAs and non-MPAs, respectively) in\nFiji, reciprocally transplanted between these areas and protected by cages.\nGrowth was measured as the difference between the final (30 days) and initial\nfrond length, measured from a standard point established using a thread when\nthe experiment was set. Details in Dell et al. 2016 Plos One.\n \nRelated Reference: \n Dell, C., Longo, G.O., Hay, M.E. (2016) Positive feedbacks enhance\nmacroalgal resilience on Degraded Coral Reefs. Plos One.\n \nRelated Datasets: \n[Sargassum recruit-sized survival - figure 3](\\\\http://www.bco-\ndmo.org/dataset/644035\\\\) \n[Sargassum mature growth conspecific - figure 4](\\\\http://www.bco-\ndmo.org/dataset/644062\\\\) \n[Sargassum recruit-sized growth and survival with conspecifics - figures 5 and\n6](\\\\https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/644080\\\\)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	[Sargassum mature growth - figure 2] - Growth of mature caged Sargassum polycystum fronds from MPAs and non-MPAs when reciprocally transplanted (Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Westernmost_Easting	double	177.691
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	latitude		double
attribute	latitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lat
attribute	latitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	latitude	actual_range	double	-18.208, -18.204
attribute	latitude	axis	String	Y
attribute	latitude	bcodmo_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	colorBarMaximum	double	90.0
attribute	latitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-90.0
attribute	latitude	description	String	latitude; north is positive
attribute	latitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	latitude	long_name	String	Latitude
attribute	latitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/
attribute	latitude	standard_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	units	String	degrees_north
variable	longitude		double
attribute	longitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lon
attribute	longitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	longitude	actual_range	double	177.691, 177.7
attribute	longitude	axis	String	X
attribute	longitude	bcodmo_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	colorBarMaximum	double	180.0
attribute	longitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-180.0
attribute	longitude	description	String	longitude; east is positive
attribute	longitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	longitude	long_name	String	Longitude
attribute	longitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/
attribute	longitude	standard_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	units	String	degrees_east
variable	village		String
attribute	village	bcodmo_name	String	site
attribute	village	description	String	village name: VLL = Vatu-o-lailai; VOT = Votua
attribute	village	long_name	String	Village
attribute	village	units	String	unitless
variable	location		String
attribute	location	bcodmo_name	String	site
attribute	location	description	String	where Sargassum fronds were transplanted to: MPA = marine protected area; NON-MPA = non-protected area
attribute	location	long_name	String	Location
attribute	location	units	String	unitless
variable	origin		String
attribute	origin	bcodmo_name	String	site
attribute	origin	description	String	where Sargassum fronds were collected for the transplant: MPA = marine protected area; NON-MPA = non-protected area
attribute	origin	long_name	String	Origin
attribute	origin	units	String	unitless
variable	growth		float
attribute	growth	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	growth	actual_range	float	4.2, 35.7
attribute	growth	bcodmo_name	String	growth
attribute	growth	description	String	difference between the final (30 days) and initial frond length; measured from a standard point established when the experiment was set using a thread
attribute	growth	long_name	String	Growth
attribute	growth	units	String	cm

Row Type

Variable Name

Attribute Name

Data Type

Value

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

access_formats

String

.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

acquisition_description

String

[Reference cited below are from Dell et al (2016) Plos One.] \nStudy site and species: \n This study was conducted between January and May in 2013 and 2015 on the\ncoral coast of Fiji\\u2019s main island, Viti Levu, in the villages of Votua\nand Vatu-o-lailai (18\\u00b012\\u201932S, 177\\u00b042\\u201900E and\n18\\u00b012\\u201913S, 177\\u00b041\\u201929E respectively; Fig 1). These villages\nare ~3km apart and each has jurisdiction over their stretch of reef flat; a\nhabitat ranging between ~1.5 and 3m deep at high tide and between ~0 and 1.5m\ndeep at low tide. In 2002, these villages established small areas (0.8km2 in\nVotua and 0.5 km2 in Vatu-o-lailai; Fig 1) as no-take MPAs [25]. Though MPA\nand non-MPA areas were initially similar in coral and macroalgal cover (33-42%\nmacroalgal cover; 3-12% coral cover [25]), MPAs now differ significantly from\nthe adjacent non-MPAs in benthic cover and fish diversity and abundance. MPAs\nnow have ~56% live coral cover on hard substrate, ~2% macroalgal cover, ~8\nfold higher biomass of herbivorous fishes, and higher recruitment of both\nfishes and corals than the non-MPAs [5,22]. Meanwhile the non-MPAs have lower\nfish biomass, 5-16% live coral cover on hard substrates and 51-92% macroalgal\ncover, the majority of which is comprised by Phaeophytes (primarily Sargassum\npolycystum C. Agardh [22]). In the MPAs, macroalgal cover is restricted to the\nshallowest, most shoreward areas (where access by herbivorous fishes appears\nlimited), whereas macroalgal cover in the non-MPAs extends throughout the\nhabitat. Thus, over distances of only a few hundred metres, there are dramatic\ndifferences in community composition that may impact the efficacy of factors\ncontrolling macroalgal populations, without the confounding factors of great\ndifferences in space or time.\n \nEffect of habitat and origin on the survival and growth of mature S.\npolycystum fronds\n \nWe used Sargassum polycystum as a study organism because it is often the most\nconspicuous macroalgal species on degraded Pacific reefs and can grow to\ndominate large areas [22,28-30]. On reefs lacking adequate herbivory, S.\npolycystum can reach 8.55 kg wet weight per square metre [28] and its odour\ncan suppress both fish and coral recruitment [5], potentially limiting reef\nrecovery. In Fiji, perennial holdfasts start regenerating in December and by\nthe end of its growing season in June, S. polycystum commonly dominates large\nexpanses of the unprotected reef flats [22,29]. Around this time it may\nreproduce sexually via spores that disperse only one to three metres [31],\nsuggesting the potential for reduced connectivity between even nearby sites.\nAfter June, S. polycystum senesces leaving the perennial rhizomes sheltered\nwithin the reef structure. Populations in our study area will have undergone\nabout 10 generations since MPA establishment, which has been shown to be\nadequate time for population differentiation among some species if selection\nis strong [24,32].\n \nThe dearth of S. polycystum in the MPAs and its high abundance in the non-MPAs\ncould be due to differing physical conditions in those locations. To\ninvestigate the role of physical conditions and to test whether S. polycystum\nin these areas was acclimatising to the different local conditions, a\nreciprocal transplant experiment was performed between the MPAs and non-MPAs\nat two villages to measure survival and growth of mature S. polycystum as a\nfunction of origin (from the MPA or non-MPA) and habitat (placed in the MPA or\nnon-MPA) when the fronds were protected from herbivory in cages.\n \nThe uppermost 15 centimetres of a S. polycystum frond was collected from 40\nseparate holdfasts in the MPA and 40 in the non-MPA of the villages of both\nVotua and Vatu-o-lailai. To minimise the likelihood of collecting multiple\nfronds from a single clone, the holdfasts were separated by at least two\nmetres. The lowest five centimetres of each frond were defoliated, the fronds\nwere then blotted dry with paper towels and weighed to the nearest 0.1g. The\ntop of the defoliated section was marked by piercing the thallus with a needle\nand tying a thread at this 5cm point to set a standard from which to measure\ngrowth in length. One strand of S. polycystum from the MPA and one from the\nnon-MPA were affixed 20cm apart in the centre of a 50cm piece of 3-strand\nrope. The lowest 5cm of each algal stipe was threaded through the rope to\nanchor the strand in place. Four ropes were affixed in each of five cages\n(dimensions 1m x 1m x 0.8m constructed of 1cm mesh) by the two 10cm end\nsections of each rope so that the rope\\u2019s centre, holding the algae, was\nraised a few centimetres above the substrate. Five cages were anchored at a\ndepth of ~1.2m at low tide in both each MPA and non-MPA so that cages at each\nlocation were separated by a minimum of two metres. After one month, the\nlength (from the threaded point) and mass of each frond were measured to\nassess growth.\n \nChange in length was measured in centimetres after two and four weeks. As mass\nmeasurements required removing the fronds from the water, to minimise stress\nto the organism, change in mass was measured in grams only after four weeks.\nBecause significant effects were the same in each of these data sets, only\nresults from height change at week four are reported. A mean change in length\nwas calculated separately for the MPA and non-MPA adults in each cage,\nyielding an n=5 for each location. Within each independent cage, we calculated\nthe mean growth of MPA origin fronds, the mean growth of non-MPA fronds, and\nused the difference between these values in paired t-tests run separately for\neach location testing the effect of origin on growth over the four weeks.\nThese difference scores were normally distributed.

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_award_nid

String

480718

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_award_number

String

OCE-0929119

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_data_url

String

http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0929119 (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_funder_name

String

NSF Division of Ocean Sciences

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_funding_acronym

String

NSF OCE

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_funding_source_nid

String

355

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_program_manager

String

David L. Garrison

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_program_manager_nid

String

50534

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

cdm_data_type

String

Other

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

comment

String

mature growth \n Growth of mature caged Sargassum polycystum fronds from MPAs and non-MPAs when reciprocally transplanted \n These data were published in Dell et al (2016) PLOS ONE, Fig. 2 \n version: 2016-05-02 \n \n M. Hay (GA Tech)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

Conventions

String

COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

creator_email

String

info at bco-dmo.org

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

creator_name

String

BCO-DMO

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

creator_type

String

institution

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

creator_url

String

https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

data_source

String

extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

date_created

String

2016-04-29T15:48:27Z

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

date_modified

String

2016-05-03T17:23:19Z

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

defaultDataQuery

String

&time<now

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

doi

String

10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.644663

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

Easternmost_Easting

double

177.7

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

geospatial_lat_max

double

-18.204

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

geospatial_lat_min

double

-18.208

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

geospatial_lat_units

String

degrees_north

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

geospatial_lon_max

double

177.7

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

geospatial_lon_min

double

177.691

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

geospatial_lon_units

String

degrees_east

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

infoUrl

String

https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/643915 (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

institution

String

BCO-DMO

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_0_acronym

String

Scale

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid

String

644023

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_0_description

String

An instrument used to measure weight or mass.

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier

String

https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB13/ (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_0_instrument_name

String

Scale

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

instruments_0_instrument_nid

String

714

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

keywords

String

bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, data, dataset, dmo, erddap, growth, latitude, longitude, management, oceanography, office, origin, preliminary, village

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

license

String

https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/643915/license (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

metadata_source

String

https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/643915 (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

Northernmost_Northing

double

-18.204

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

param_mapping

String

{'643915': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'lon': 'master - longitude'}}

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

parameter_source

String

https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/643915/parameters (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_affiliation

String

Georgia Institute of Technology

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_affiliation_acronym

String

Georgia Tech

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_person_name

String

Mark Hay

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_person_nid

String

480720

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_role

String

Principal Investigator

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_role_type

String

originator

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_affiliation

String

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_affiliation_acronym

String

WHOI BCO-DMO

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_person_name

String

Nancy Copley

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_person_nid

String

50396

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_role

String

BCO-DMO Data Manager

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_role_type

String

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

project

String

Killer Seaweeds

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_acronym

String

Killer Seaweeds

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_description

String

Extracted from the NSF award abstract:\nCoral reefs are in dramatic global decline, with reefs commonly converting from species-rich and topographically-complex communities dominated by corals to species- poor and topographically-simplified communities dominated by seaweeds. These phase-shifts result in fundamental loss of ecosystem function. Despite debate about whether coral-to-algal transitions are commonly a primary cause, or simply a consequence, of coral mortality, rigorous field investigation of seaweed-coral competition has received limited attention. There is limited information on how the outcome of seaweed-coral competition varies among species or the relative importance of different competitive mechanisms in facilitating seaweed dominance. In an effort to address this topic, the PI will conduct field experiments in the tropical South Pacific (Fiji) to determine the effects of seaweeds on corals when in direct contact, which seaweeds are most damaging to corals, the role allelopathic lipids that are transferred via contact in producing these effects, the identity and surface concentrations of these metabolites, and the dynamic nature of seaweed metabolite production and coral response following contact. The herbivorous fishes most responsible for controlling allelopathic seaweeds will be identified, the roles of seaweed metabolites in allelopathy vs herbivore deterrence will be studied, and the potential for better managing and conserving critical reef herbivores so as to slow or reverse conversion of coral reef to seaweed meadows will be examined.\nPreliminary results indicate that seaweeds may commonly damage corals via lipid- soluble allelochemicals. Such chemically-mediated interactions could kill or damage adult corals and produce the suppression of coral fecundity and recruitment noted by previous investigators and could precipitate positive feedback mechanisms making reef recovery increasingly unlikely as seaweed abundance increases. Chemically-mediated seaweed-coral competition may play a critical role in the degradation of present-day coral reefs. Increasing information on which seaweeds are most aggressive to corals and which herbivores best limit these seaweeds may prove useful in better managing reefs to facilitate resilience and possible recovery despite threats of global-scale stresses. Fiji is well positioned to rapidly use findings from this project for better management of reef resources because it has already erected >260 MPAs, Fijian villagers have already bought-in to the value of MPAs, and the Fiji Locally-Managed Marine Area (FLMMA) Network is well organized to get information to villagers in a culturally sensitive and useful manner.\nThe broader impacts of this project are far reaching. The project provides training opportunities for 2-2.5 Ph.D students and 1 undergraduate student each year in the interdisciplinary areas of marine ecology, marine conservation, and marine chemical ecology. Findings from this project will be immediately integrated into classes at Ga Tech and made available throughout Fiji via a foundation and web site that have already set-up to support marine conservation efforts in Fiji and marine education efforts both within Fiji and internationally. Business and community leaders from Atlanta (via Rotary International Service efforts) have been recruited to help organize and fund community service and outreach projects in Fiji -- several of which are likely to involve marine conservation and education based in part on these efforts there. Media outlets (National Geographic, NPR, Animal Planet, Audubon Magazine, etc.) and local Rotary clubs will be used to better disseminate these discoveries to the public.\nPUBLICATIONS PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF THIS RESEARCH\nRasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kubanek J, and ME Hay. \"Macroalgal terpenes function as allelopathic agents against reef corals\", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 108, 2011, p. 17726.\nBeattie AJ, ME Hay, B Magnusson, R de Nys, J Smeathers, JFV Vincent. \"Ecology and bioprospecting,\" Austral Ecology, v.36, 2011, p. 341.\nRasher DB and ME Hay. \"Seaweed allelopathy degrades the resilience and function of coral reefs,\" Communicative and Integrative Biology, v.3, 2010.\nHay ME, Rasher DB. \"Corals in crisis,\" The Scientist, v.24, 2010, p. 42.\nHay ME and DB Rasher. \"Coral reefs in crisis: reversing the biotic death spiral,\" Faculty 1000 Biology Reports 2010, v.2, 2010.\nRasher DB and ME Hay. \"Chemically rich seaweeds poison corals when not controlled by herbivores\", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v.107, 2010, p. 9683.

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_end_date

String

2014-08

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_geolocation

String

Viti Levu, Fiji (18º13.049’S, 177º42.968’E)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_name

String

Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_project_nid

String

480717

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_start_date

String

2009-09

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

publisher_name

String

Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

publisher_type

String

institution

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

sourceUrl

String

(local files)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

Southernmost_Northing

double

-18.208

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

standard_name_vocabulary

String

CF Standard Name Table v55

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

summary

String

Raw data on the growth of mature Sargassum polycystum fronds originated from\nmarine protected and non-protected areas (MPAs and non-MPAs, respectively) in\nFiji, reciprocally transplanted between these areas and protected by cages.\nGrowth was measured as the difference between the final (30 days) and initial\nfrond length, measured from a standard point established using a thread when\nthe experiment was set. Details in Dell et al. 2016 Plos One.\n \nRelated Reference: \n Dell, C., Longo, G.O., Hay, M.E. (2016) Positive feedbacks enhance\nmacroalgal resilience on Degraded Coral Reefs. Plos One.\n \nRelated Datasets: \n[Sargassum recruit-sized survival - figure 3](\\\\http://www.bco-\ndmo.org/dataset/644035\\\\) \n[Sargassum mature growth conspecific - figure 4](\\\\http://www.bco-\ndmo.org/dataset/644062\\\\) \n[Sargassum recruit-sized growth and survival with conspecifics - figures 5 and\n6](\\\\https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/644080\\\\)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

title

String

[Sargassum mature growth - figure 2] - Growth of mature caged Sargassum polycystum fronds from MPAs and non-MPAs when reciprocally transplanted (Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

version

String

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

Westernmost_Easting

double

177.691

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

xml_source

String

osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3

variable

latitude

double

attribute

latitude

_CoordinateAxisType

String

Lat

attribute

latitude

_FillValue

double

NaN

attribute

latitude

actual_range

double

-18.208, -18.204

attribute

latitude

axis

String

attribute

latitude

bcodmo_name

String

latitude

attribute

latitude

colorBarMaximum

double

90.0

attribute

latitude

colorBarMinimum

double

-90.0

attribute

latitude

description

String

latitude; north is positive

attribute

latitude

ioos_category

String

Location

attribute

latitude

long_name

String

Latitude

attribute

latitude

nerc_identifier

String

https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/ (external link)

attribute

latitude

standard_name

String

latitude

attribute

latitude

units

String

degrees_north

variable

longitude

double

attribute

longitude

_CoordinateAxisType

String

Lon

attribute

longitude

_FillValue

double

NaN

attribute

longitude

actual_range

double

177.691, 177.7

attribute

longitude

axis

String

attribute

longitude

bcodmo_name

String

longitude

attribute

longitude

colorBarMaximum

double

180.0

attribute

longitude

colorBarMinimum

double

-180.0

attribute

longitude

description

String

longitude; east is positive

attribute

longitude

ioos_category

String

Location

attribute

longitude

long_name

String

Longitude

attribute

longitude

nerc_identifier

String

https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/ (external link)

attribute

longitude

standard_name

String

longitude

attribute

longitude

units

String

degrees_east

variable

village

String

attribute

village

bcodmo_name

String

site

attribute

village

description

String

village name: VLL = Vatu-o-lailai; VOT = Votua

attribute

village

long_name

String

Village

attribute

village

units

String

unitless

variable

location

String

attribute

location

bcodmo_name

String

site

attribute

location

description

String

where Sargassum fronds were transplanted to: MPA = marine protected area; NON-MPA = non-protected area

attribute

location

long_name

String

Location

attribute

location

units

String

unitless

variable

origin

String

attribute

origin

bcodmo_name

String

site

attribute

origin

description

String

where Sargassum fronds were collected for the transplant: MPA = marine protected area; NON-MPA = non-protected area

attribute

origin

long_name

String

Origin

attribute

origin

units

String

unitless

variable

growth

float

attribute

growth

_FillValue

float

NaN

attribute

growth

actual_range

float

4.2, 35.7

attribute

growth

bcodmo_name

String

growth

attribute

growth

description

String

difference between the final (30 days) and initial frond length; measured from a standard point established when the experiment was set using a thread

attribute

growth

long_name

String

Growth

attribute

growth

units

String

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