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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String [Reference cited below are from Dell et al (2016) Plos One.]  \nStudy site and species:  \n This study was conducted between January and May in 2013 and 2015 on the\ncoral coast of Fiji\\u2019s main island, Viti Levu, in the villages of Votua\nand Vatu-o-lailai (18\\u00b012\\u201932S, 177\\u00b042\\u201900E and\n18\\u00b012\\u201913S, 177\\u00b041\\u201929E respectively; Fig 1). These villages\nare ~3km apart and each has jurisdiction over their stretch of reef flat; a\nhabitat ranging between ~1.5 and 3m deep at high tide and between ~0 and 1.5m\ndeep at low tide. In 2002, these villages established small areas (0.8km2 in\nVotua and 0.5 km2 in Vatu-o-lailai; Fig 1) as no-take MPAs [25]. Though MPA\nand non-MPA areas were initially similar in coral and macroalgal cover (33-42%\nmacroalgal cover; 3-12% coral cover [25]), MPAs now differ significantly from\nthe adjacent non-MPAs in benthic cover and fish diversity and abundance. MPAs\nnow have ~56% live coral cover on hard substrate, ~2% macroalgal cover, ~8\nfold higher biomass of herbivorous fishes, and higher recruitment of both\nfishes and corals than the non-MPAs [5,22]. Meanwhile the non-MPAs have lower\nfish biomass, 5-16% live coral cover on hard substrates and 51-92% macroalgal\ncover, the majority of which is comprised by Phaeophytes (primarily Sargassum\npolycystum C. Agardh [22]). In the MPAs, macroalgal cover is restricted to the\nshallowest, most shoreward areas (where access by herbivorous fishes appears\nlimited), whereas macroalgal cover in the non-MPAs extends throughout the\nhabitat. Thus, over distances of only a few hundred metres, there are dramatic\ndifferences in community composition that may impact the efficacy of factors\ncontrolling macroalgal populations, without the confounding factors of great\ndifferences in space or time.\n \nEffect of habitat and origin on the survival and growth of recruit-sized S.\npolycystum fronds\n \nSmall S. polycystum ramets ~1cm long (range between 0.5cm and 1.5cm) were\ncollected from both the MPA and non-MPA using a nail and hammer so that a\nsmall piece of bedrock remained attached to each alga\\u2019s holdfast,\nallowing four ramets from either the MPA or the non-MPA to be affixed to\n~25cm2 tiles by attaching the rock pieces using aquarium glue (Ecotech Marine,\nUSA). The ramets were selected so that the four on each tile were of equal\norigin and size and were arranged in a square pattern 1cm distance from each\nother. The tiles were placed in coolers, containing a few centimetres of\nseawater and left for 12 hours in the shade to allow the glue to set before\nmoving the tiles to the reef. The tiles were paired so the MPA and non-MPA\nramets were of equal size and one tile of each was affixed in a cage so they\nwere 30cm from each other.\n \nThese cages were either complete, so the ramets would be protected from fish\ngrazing, or open-sided, so the ramets would be exposed to fish grazing. The\nopen cages lacked the 2 walls parallel to the current direction so that fish\naccess was permitted, while cage effects on flow and shading would be as\nsimilar as possible between treatments. The base of each cage was 0.75m x\n0.75m, the height was 0.75m and the mesh size was 1cm2 thus excluding all but\nthe smallest fishes and invertebrates. Ten replicates of each treatment were\ndistributed in Votua\\u2019s MPA and 10 in Votua\\u2019s non-MPA so that the\ncomplete and open cages were paired and the cages in each pair were about one\nmetre apart, while the distance between pairs was \\u2265 two metres. These\ncages were distributed ~25 to 50m from shore at a depth of ~1 to 1.5m at low\ntide.\n \nThe experiment was established mid- January 2013, ran for 4 months (112 days),\nand was checked for ramet mortality every 3 days for the first month and then\nevery week. If an alga was missing but the stone remained, this was noted as\nmortality. If the stone was also missing this could have been due to failure\nof the glue, dislodgement by turbulence, or some unknown agent, so we recorded\nthese as \\u2018lost\\u2019 and excluded them from analysis. Only ten ramets\n(3.1%) were lost which reduced the total number of ramets in the experiment\nfrom 320 to 310.\n \nDespite running for four months and being checked at intervals of 3-7 days\nthroughout this period, we could detect no growth in this experiment so we\nreport only mean duration of survival. Duration of survival was calculated as\nthe average number of days survived by the four MPA ramets and by the four\nnon-MPA ramets in each cage, giving n=10 for each treatment in each habitat.\nDifference scores (mean survival duration for MPA versus non-MPA sub-samples\nin each replicate) were normally distributed (p\\u22650.200; Shapiro-Wilk) so\nthe effect of origin was analysed by paired t-test run separately for each\ntreatment in each location.
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 480718
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-0929119
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0929119 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String David L. Garrison
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 50534
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String recruitment and survival \n   Survival of recruit-sized ramets of Sargassum polycystum reciprocally  \n     transplanted between MPA and non-MPA when caged or exposed \n   These data were published in Dell et al (2016) PLOS ONE, Fig. 3 \n   version: 2016-05-02 \n  \n   M. Hay (GA Tech)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2016-05-02T14:50:48Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2016-05-03T17:24:47Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.644664
attribute NC_GLOBAL Easternmost_Easting double 177.7
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_max double -18.208
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_min double -18.208
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degrees_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_max double 177.7
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_min double 177.7
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degrees_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/644035 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_acronym String Scale
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid String 644042
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_description String An instrument used to measure weight or mass.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB13/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_name String Scale
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_nid String 714
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String average, average_days_survived, bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, data, dataset, days, dmo, erddap, latitude, longitude, management, oceanography, office, origin, preliminary, survived, treatment
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/644035/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/644035 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Northernmost_Northing double -18.208
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'644035': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'lon': 'master - longitude'}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/644035/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String Georgia Institute of Technology
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation_acronym String Georgia Tech
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Mark Hay
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 480720
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Nancy Copley
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 50396
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String Killer Seaweeds
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String Killer Seaweeds
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String Extracted from the NSF award abstract:\nCoral reefs are in dramatic global decline, with reefs commonly converting from species-rich and topographically-complex communities dominated by corals to species- poor and topographically-simplified communities dominated by seaweeds. These phase-shifts result in fundamental loss of ecosystem function. Despite debate about whether coral-to-algal transitions are commonly a primary cause, or simply a consequence, of coral mortality, rigorous field investigation of seaweed-coral competition has received limited attention. There is limited information on how the outcome of seaweed-coral competition varies among species or the relative importance of different competitive mechanisms in facilitating seaweed dominance. In an effort to address this topic, the PI will conduct field experiments in the tropical South Pacific (Fiji) to determine the effects of seaweeds on corals when in direct contact, which seaweeds are most damaging to corals, the role allelopathic lipids that are transferred via contact in producing these effects, the identity and surface concentrations of these metabolites, and the dynamic nature of seaweed metabolite production and coral response following contact. The herbivorous fishes most responsible for controlling allelopathic seaweeds will be identified, the roles of seaweed metabolites in allelopathy vs herbivore deterrence will be studied, and the potential for better managing and conserving critical reef herbivores so as to slow or reverse conversion of coral reef to seaweed meadows will be examined.\nPreliminary results indicate that seaweeds may commonly damage corals via lipid- soluble allelochemicals. Such chemically-mediated interactions could kill or damage adult corals and produce the suppression of coral fecundity and recruitment noted by previous investigators and could precipitate positive feedback mechanisms making reef recovery increasingly unlikely as seaweed abundance increases. Chemically-mediated seaweed-coral competition may play a critical role in the degradation of present-day coral reefs. Increasing information on which seaweeds are most aggressive to corals and which herbivores best limit these seaweeds may prove useful in better managing reefs to facilitate resilience and possible recovery despite threats of global-scale stresses. Fiji is well positioned to rapidly use findings from this project for better management of reef resources because it has already erected >260 MPAs, Fijian villagers have already bought-in to the value of MPAs, and the Fiji Locally-Managed Marine Area (FLMMA) Network is well organized to get information to villagers in a culturally sensitive and useful manner.\nThe broader impacts of this project are far reaching. The project provides training opportunities for 2-2.5 Ph.D students and 1 undergraduate student each year in the interdisciplinary areas of marine ecology, marine conservation, and marine chemical ecology. Findings from this project will be immediately integrated into classes at Ga Tech and made available throughout Fiji via a foundation and web site that have already set-up to support marine conservation efforts in Fiji and marine education efforts both within Fiji and internationally. Business and community leaders from Atlanta (via Rotary International Service efforts) have been recruited to help organize and fund community service and outreach projects in Fiji -- several of which are likely to involve marine conservation and education based in part on these efforts there. Media outlets (National Geographic, NPR, Animal Planet, Audubon Magazine, etc.) and local Rotary clubs will be used to better disseminate these discoveries to the public.\nPUBLICATIONS PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF THIS RESEARCH\nRasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kubanek J, and ME Hay. \"Macroalgal terpenes function as allelopathic agents against reef corals\", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 108, 2011, p. 17726.\nBeattie AJ, ME Hay, B Magnusson, R de Nys, J Smeathers, JFV Vincent. \"Ecology and bioprospecting,\" Austral Ecology, v.36, 2011, p. 341.\nRasher DB and ME Hay. \"Seaweed allelopathy degrades the resilience and function of coral reefs,\" Communicative and Integrative Biology, v.3, 2010.\nHay ME, Rasher DB. \"Corals in crisis,\" The Scientist, v.24, 2010, p. 42.\nHay ME and DB Rasher. \"Coral reefs in crisis: reversing the biotic death spiral,\" Faculty 1000 Biology Reports 2010, v.2, 2010.\nRasher DB and ME Hay. \"Chemically rich seaweeds poison corals when not controlled by herbivores\", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v.107, 2010, p. 9683.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2014-08
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String Viti Levu, Fiji (18º13.049’S, 177º42.968’E)
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 480717
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2009-09
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Southernmost_Northing double -18.208
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL subsetVariables String latitude,longitude
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Raw data on the survival of recruit-sized ramets of Sargassum polycystum\noriginated from marine protected and non-protected areas (MPAs and non-MPAs,\nrespectively) in Fiji, reciprocally transplanted between these areas in two\nconditions: protected by closed cages or exposed to grazing in partially open\ncages. Survival data is the average number of days survived by the four MPA\nramets and by the four non-MPA ramets in each of the cages. Details in Dell et\nal. 2016 Plos One.\n \nRelated Datasets:  \n[Sargassum mature growth - figure 2](\\\\http://www.bco-\ndmo.org/dataset/643915\\\\)  \n[Sargassum mature growth conspecific - figure 4](\\\\http://www.bco-\ndmo.org/dataset/644062\\\\)  \n[Sargassum recruit-sized growth and survival with conspecifics - figures 5 and\n6](\\\\https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/644080\\\\)
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String [Sargassum recruit-sized survival - figure 3] - Effect of habitat, origin, and herbivory on the survival and growth of recruit-sized S. polycystum fronds from MPAs and non-MPAs when reciprocally transplanted (Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals)
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Westernmost_Easting double 177.7
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable latitude double
attribute latitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lat
attribute latitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute latitude actual_range double -18.208, -18.208
attribute latitude axis String Y
attribute latitude bcodmo_name String latitude
attribute latitude colorBarMaximum double 90.0
attribute latitude colorBarMinimum double -90.0
attribute latitude description String latitude; north is positive
attribute latitude ioos_category String Location
attribute latitude long_name String Latitude
attribute latitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/ (external link)
attribute latitude standard_name String latitude
attribute latitude units String degrees_north
variable longitude double
attribute longitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lon
attribute longitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute longitude actual_range double 177.7, 177.7
attribute longitude axis String X
attribute longitude bcodmo_name String longitude
attribute longitude colorBarMaximum double 180.0
attribute longitude colorBarMinimum double -180.0
attribute longitude description String longitude; east is positive
attribute longitude ioos_category String Location
attribute longitude long_name String Longitude
attribute longitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/ (external link)
attribute longitude standard_name String longitude
attribute longitude units String degrees_east
variable location String
attribute location bcodmo_name String site
attribute location description String where Sargassum fronds were transplanted to: MPA = marine protected area; NON-MPA = non-protected area
attribute location long_name String Location
attribute location units String unitless
variable origin String
attribute origin bcodmo_name String origin
attribute origin description String where Sargassum fronds were collected for the transplant: MPA = marine protected area; NON-MPA = non-protected area
attribute origin long_name String Origin
attribute origin units String unitless
variable treatment String
attribute treatment bcodmo_name String treatment
attribute treatment description String herbivory exclusion: Caged = ramets protected by cages; Exposed = ramets exposed to grazing in cages that lacked the lateral walls
attribute treatment long_name String Treatment
attribute treatment units String unitless
variable average_days_survived float
attribute average_days_survived _FillValue float NaN
attribute average_days_survived actual_range float 4.32, 113.0
attribute average_days_survived bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute average_days_survived description String average number of days survived by the four MPA ramets and by the four non-MPA ramets in each cage
attribute average_days_survived long_name String Average Days Survived
attribute average_days_survived units String days

 
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