BCO-DMO ERDDAP
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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String Area of study and microhabitat assessment\n \nThis study was conducted during July-August 2011, observing the behavioral\nresponse of 40 three spot damselfish:\\u00a020 in the Bahamas and 20 in the\nCayman Islands. In addition to enhancing the generality of the study, it was\nchosen to observe damselfish in these two locations because of their\ndifference in timing of the lionfish invasion: lionfish were first sighted in\nthe Bahamas in 2004 and in the Cayman Islands in 2008 (Schofield 2009). In the\nBahamas, damselfish were studied at three sites in the shallow waters (sites\nwere <4 m deep) of the Great Bahama Bank in the vicinity of Lee Stocking\nIsland, which is part of the Exuma Cays. Study sites consisted of patch reefs\ncomposed of small coral heads and larger coral bommies surrounded by sand and\nseagrass beds. About 380 miles Southwest of Lee Stocking Island, damselfish\nbehavior was observed\\u00a0off of Little Cayman Island at three deeper sites\n(6\\u201312 m deep) located along the northern side of the island, just inshore\nof the Bloody Bay Wall. This area is characterized by continuous stretches of\nreef that includes coral heads of various sizes and large coral formations.\n \nThe benthic territories maintained year-round by three spot damselfish are\nless than 1 m2 and are easily identified by the algal gardens covering reef\nsubstrata that the damselfish cultivate (Brawley and Adey 1977). The\nunderlying substrata of damselfish territories differed at sites both within\nand between the Bahamas and Cayman Islands. Since the type of habitat could\npotentially affect damselfish response by influencing an individual\\u2019s\nability to defend its territory,\\u00a0the microhabitat of each damselfish\nterritory was characterized by recording the following four habitat\ncategories: (1) low-relief dead coral rubble (mostly Acropora cervicornis),\n(2) low-relief continuous reef, (3) high-relief large coral\\u00a0bommies, and\n(4) high-relief continuous reef. Low-relief habitats lacked vertical\nstructure, whereas\\u00a0high-relief\\u00a0habitats consisted of vertical\nstructure over 1 m high, which could potentially interfere with the ability of\ndamselfish to detect intruders.\n \nExperimental treatments and fish capture\n \nEach three spot damselfish was exposed to a series of treatments consisting of\na single individual of (1) invasive lionfish, or the following native fishes,\nall of which are commonly found on reefs near three spot damselfish\nterritories and are chased at varying degrees by damselfish (Thresher 1976;\nRobertson 1984): (2) herbivorous ocean surgeonfish (Acanthurus bahianus), a\npotential food competitor; (3) white grunt (Haemulon plumierii), a potential\negg predator; and (4) coney grouper (Cephalopholis fulva), a mesopredator\necologically similar to lionfish and at larger sizes is a potential predator\nof three spot damselfish. At both study regions, 2-3 individuals were captured\nper fish species, which were rotated daily for experimental use based on each\nindividual\\u2019s appearance, apparent condition, and behavior. All fish were\ncaught underwater from non-study sites using hand nets and the fish anesthetic\nquinaldine when needed. Body size of individual fish, ranging from 10 to 18 cm\nTL, was restricted to allow for ease of movement in bottles during the\nexperiment. At these sizes, both lionfish and coney grouper were sufficiently\nlarge to pose a threat to small recruit fishes inhabiting damselfish\nterritories (Albins 2013). Fish were maintained in flow-through aquarium tanks\nboth prior to and between daily observational trials.\n \nModel-bottle experiment\n \nUsing a model-bottle study design (Myrberg and Thresher 1974), individual fish\nwere presented in weighted, clear-plastic gallon bottles to haphazardly\nlocated adult damselfish (7\\u201311 cm total length [TL]) in order to measure\nthe relative behavioral responses exhibited by each focal damselfish. Bottle\nlids were replaced with secured mesh screening to allow for flow of both water\nand any fish chemical cues. An empty bottle was used as a control treatment.\nEach treatment was introduced in random order to individual damselfish\nterritories. All fishes inside bottles were either resting or hovering upon\nintroduction.\n \nTo measure damselfish aggression per treatment, each bottle was sequentially\nplaced at 100, 50, and 0 cm away from the center of each territory. At each\nincrement, damselfish behavior was observed from a distance of 3 m for 2 min,\ncounting the number of times the focal damselfish made physical contact with\nthe bottle (attack rate) and tallying which aggressive behaviors each\ndamselfish displayed: (1) contact with the mouth while hovering in place\ndirectly next to the bottle (nip); (2) contact with the caudal fin while\nhovering in place directly next to the bottle (butt); (3) starting from a\ndistance, swimming with force directly towards the bottle, making contact with\nmouth, and then quickly swimming away from the bottle (charge); and, (4)\nrepeatedly charging the bottle multiple times (continuous attack). These\ncategories encompass three spot damselfish behavior known to effectively\nexclude intruders (Thresher 1976). Avoidance behavior by damselfish was also\nnoted, such as entering refuge sites within their territories (Helfman 1989).\n \nEach bottle was then placed at the closest distance to the territory at which\nthe damselfish had previously made no physical contact with the bottle, then\ngradually moved the bottle closer to the center of the territory until the\ndamselfish approached the bottle and made physical contact. If the damselfish\nhad previously attacked the bottle at 100 cm away from the territory, the\nbottle was placed at 150 cm where all damselfish ceased attacking the bottle,\nand gradually moved the bottle closer to the territory from there. This method\nprovided a measurement of the \\u201cmaximum distance of attack\\u201d (sensu\nMyrberg and Thresher 1974) per treatment.
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 561016
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-1233027
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1233027 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String David L. Garrison
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 50534
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String Max Distance Attack \n    Lead PI: Mark Hixon \n    Sub-Project Lead: Tye L. Kindinger \n    Version 26 July 2016
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2016-08-02T15:41:23Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2019-05-22T19:19:45Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &amp;time&lt;now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.653129.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Easternmost_Easting double -76.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_max double 24.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_min double 19.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degrees_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_max double -76.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_min double -80.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degrees_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_max double 35.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_min double 5.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_positive String down
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_units String m
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/653129 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String bco, bco-dmo, biological, bottle, bottle_treatment, chemical, damsel, damsel_number, damsel_size, data, dataset, depth, distance, dmo, erddap, habitat, latitude, longitude, management, number, oceanography, office, preliminary, size, treatment
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/653129/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/653129 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Northernmost_Northing double 24.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'653129': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'depth': 'master - depth', 'lon': 'master - longitude'}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/653129/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String University of Hawaii
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Mark Hixon
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 51647
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String Oregon State University
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String OSU
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Tye L. Kindinger
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 51707
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String Contact
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_name String Hannah Ake
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_nid String 650173
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String BiodiversityLossEffects_lionfish
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String BiodiversityLossEffects_lionfish
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String The Pacific red lionfish (Pterois volitans), a popular aquarium fish, was introduced to the Atlantic Ocean in the vicinity of Florida in the late 20th century. Voraciously consuming small native coral-reef fishes, including the juveniles of fisheries and ecologically important species, the invader has undergone a population explosion that now ranges from the U.S. southeastern seaboard to the Gulf of Mexico and across the greater Caribbean region. The PI's past research determined that invasive lionfish (1) have escaped their natural enemies in the Pacific (lionfish are much less abundant in their native range); (2) are not yet controlled by Atlantic predators, competitors, or parasites; (3) have strong negative effects on populations of native Atlantic fishes; and (4) locally reduce the diversity (number of species) of native fishes. The lionfish invasion has been recognized as one of the major conservation threats worldwide.\nThe Bahamas support the highest abundances of invasive lionfish globally. This system thus provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the direct and indirect effects of a major invader on a diverse community, as well as the underlying causative mechanisms. The PI will focus on five related questions: (1) How does long-term predation by lionfish alter the structure of native reef-fish communities? (2) How does lionfish predation destabilize native prey population dynamics, possibly causing local extinctions? (3) Is there a lionfish-herbivore-seaweed trophic cascade on invaded reefs? (4) How do lionfish modify cleaning mutualisms on invaded reefs? (5) Are lionfish reaching densities where natural population limits are evident?
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2016-07
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String Three Bahamian sites: 24.8318, -076.3299;  23.8562, -076.2250; 23.7727, -076.1071; Caribbean Netherlands: 12.1599, -068.2820
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String Mechanisms and Consequences of Fish Biodiversity Loss on Atlantic Coral Reefs Caused by Invasive Pacific Lionfish
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 561017
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_website String http://hixon.science.oregonstate.edu/content/highlight-lionfish-invasion (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2012-08
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Southernmost_Northing double 19.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Experimental results describing the maximum distances at which Stegastes planiforms attacked Pterois volitans and native predators in the Cayman Islands and the Bahamas during 2011
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String Experimental results describing the maximum distances at which Stegastes planiforms attacked Pterois volitans and native predators in the Cayman Islands and the Bahamas during 2011
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Westernmost_Easting double -80.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable location String
attribute location bcodmo_name String site
attribute location description String location of sampling
attribute location long_name String Location
attribute location units String unitless
variable latitude double
attribute latitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lat
attribute latitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute latitude actual_range double 19.0, 24.0
attribute latitude axis String Y
attribute latitude bcodmo_name String latitude
attribute latitude colorBarMaximum double 90.0
attribute latitude colorBarMinimum double -90.0
attribute latitude description String latitude
attribute latitude ioos_category String Location
attribute latitude long_name String Latitude
attribute latitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/ (external link)
attribute latitude standard_name String latitude
attribute latitude units String degrees_north
variable longitude double
attribute longitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lon
attribute longitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute longitude actual_range double -80.0, -76.0
attribute longitude axis String X
attribute longitude bcodmo_name String longitude
attribute longitude colorBarMaximum double 180.0
attribute longitude colorBarMinimum double -180.0
attribute longitude description String longitude
attribute longitude ioos_category String Location
attribute longitude long_name String Longitude
attribute longitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/ (external link)
attribute longitude standard_name String longitude
attribute longitude units String degrees_east
variable bottle_treatment String
attribute bottle_treatment bcodmo_name String treatment
attribute bottle_treatment description String type of predator fish within the bottle that was introduced to damselfish
attribute bottle_treatment long_name String Bottle Treatment
attribute bottle_treatment units String unitless
variable habitat String
attribute habitat bcodmo_name String site_descrip
attribute habitat description String microhabitats where damselfish territories were located; Bahamas: dead coral rubble and coral bommies; Cayman Islands: high and low relief of continuous reef
attribute habitat long_name String Habitat
attribute habitat units String unitless
variable damsel_number byte
attribute damsel_number _FillValue byte 127
attribute damsel_number actual_range byte 1, 40
attribute damsel_number bcodmo_name String sample
attribute damsel_number colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute damsel_number colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute damsel_number description String damselfish id number; 1-20
attribute damsel_number long_name String Damsel Number
attribute damsel_number nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/ (external link)
attribute damsel_number units String unitless
variable depth double
attribute depth _CoordinateAxisType String Height
attribute depth _CoordinateZisPositive String down
attribute depth _FillValue double NaN
attribute depth actual_range double 5.0, 35.0
attribute depth axis String Z
attribute depth bcodmo_name String depth
attribute depth colorBarMaximum double 8000.0
attribute depth colorBarMinimum double -8000.0
attribute depth colorBarPalette String TopographyDepth
attribute depth description String depth of damselfish territory
attribute depth ioos_category String Location
attribute depth long_name String Depth
attribute depth nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/DEPH/ (external link)
attribute depth positive String down
attribute depth standard_name String depth
attribute depth units String m
variable damsel_size float
attribute damsel_size _FillValue float NaN
attribute damsel_size actual_range float 7.0, 11.0
attribute damsel_size bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute damsel_size description String body size of damselfish
attribute damsel_size long_name String Damsel Size
attribute damsel_size units String unitless
variable distance byte
attribute distance _FillValue byte 127
attribute distance actual_range byte 0, 110
attribute distance bcodmo_name String treatment
attribute distance description String distance bottle was placed from the center of damselfish territory
attribute distance long_name String Distance
attribute distance units String centimeters

 
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