BCO-DMO ERDDAP
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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String This was an observational field study conducted from June - August 2012 to\ndetermine whether lionfish behavior and movements change at different local\nlionfish and prey fish densities. \\u00a0The study was conducted on sixteen\nreefs in Rock Sound, Elethera, The Bahamas.\\u00a0 All reefs were at least 300\nm from any reef on which lionfish removals had occurred, and were selected to\nencompass a range of natural lionfish densities and reef sizes. \\u00a0\n \nA pair of divers visited each reef at three times of day: within 2 hours of\nsunrise (\\u2018dawn\\u2019), greater than 3 hours from sunrise or sunset\n(\\u2018midday\\u2019), and within 2 hours of sunset (\\u2018dusk\\u2019).\\u00a0\nUpon arriving at a reef, observers counted the number of lionfish present by\nconducting lionfish-focused searches.\\u00a0 For each lionfish, observers\nrecorded the size (total length, visually estimated to the nearest cm),\nbehavior, and location the moment it was sighted.\\u00a0 Behaviors were\ncategorized as resting (sitting on the substrate, not moving), hovering (in\nthe water column oriented parallel to the bottom, but not moving), swimming\n(actively moving), or hunting (oriented head down with pectoral fins\nflared).\\u00a0 Location was categorized as the microhabitat on which lionfish\nwere observed (e.g. under a ledge, on top of the reef, in the surrounding\nseagrass) and later divided into two major categories: sheltering (hidden\nunder structure) or exposed (on top of reef or in surrounding area).\\u00a0\nThen, 10-minute focal observations were conducted on two randomly-selected\nlionfish or a single lionfish when there was only one individual present per\nreef.\\u00a0 During focal observations, a trained observer recorded the\nbehavior of lionfish at 30-second intervals for 10 minutes using the same\ncategories as above.\\u00a0 The observers also noted any strikes at prey,\nsuccessful kills, and obviously aggressive interactions (chases, posturing)\nbetween lionfish or between lionfish and other species.\\u00a0 Throughout the\nentire visit to each reef, divers noted the time when any lionfish departed\nfrom or arrived at the reef and its behavior.\\u00a0 A lionfish was defined as\ndeparting from the reef if it traveled at least 10 m from the reef.\\u00a0 A\nlionfish was considered arriving at a reef if it swam in from the surrounding\nareas and had not been previously observed at that reef during that\nobservation period.\\u00a0 At the conclusion of the focal observations, the\ndivers re-counted the number of lionfish present while conducting a survey of\nresident native fishes.\\u00a0 Divers recorded the abundance and body size (TL)\nof all fish 1 - 15 cm TL, native mesopredators that are ecologically similar\nto lionfish (e.g. Cephalopholis cruentata [graysby grouper]), and top\npredators (e.g. Epinephelus striatus [Nassau grouper]) on and within 1 m of\nthe reef.
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 561016
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-1233027
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1233027 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String David L. Garrison
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 50534
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String Behavior and Movement - Focal Behaviors \n   Lead PI: Mark Hixon \n   Sub-Project Lead: Casey Benkwitt \n   Version 9 August 2016 \n Species codes are first two letters of genus and species; See species key.
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2016-08-10T16:01:12Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2019-05-22T18:34:29Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.653689.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/653689 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String bco, bco-dmo, biological, blow, blow_species, blows, chemical, data, dataset, date, departed, dmo, end, erddap, hover, hunt, kill, kill_species, kills, management, notes, number, number_blows, number_kills, number_strikes, oceanography, office, period, preliminary, prop, prop_hover, prop_hunt, prop_rest, prop_swim, ptvo, PTVO_size, reef, rest, returned, size, species, specific, specific_location, start, strike, strike_species, strikes, swim, time, time_end, time_period, time_start
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/653689/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/653689 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'653689': {}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/653689/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String University of Hawaii
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Mark Hixon
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 51647
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String Oregon State University
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String OSU
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Cassandra E. Benkwitt
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 51706
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String Contact
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_name String Hannah Ake
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_nid String 650173
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String BiodiversityLossEffects_lionfish
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String BiodiversityLossEffects_lionfish
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String The Pacific red lionfish (Pterois volitans), a popular aquarium fish, was introduced to the Atlantic Ocean in the vicinity of Florida in the late 20th century. Voraciously consuming small native coral-reef fishes, including the juveniles of fisheries and ecologically important species, the invader has undergone a population explosion that now ranges from the U.S. southeastern seaboard to the Gulf of Mexico and across the greater Caribbean region. The PI's past research determined that invasive lionfish (1) have escaped their natural enemies in the Pacific (lionfish are much less abundant in their native range); (2) are not yet controlled by Atlantic predators, competitors, or parasites; (3) have strong negative effects on populations of native Atlantic fishes; and (4) locally reduce the diversity (number of species) of native fishes. The lionfish invasion has been recognized as one of the major conservation threats worldwide.\nThe Bahamas support the highest abundances of invasive lionfish globally. This system thus provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the direct and indirect effects of a major invader on a diverse community, as well as the underlying causative mechanisms. The PI will focus on five related questions: (1) How does long-term predation by lionfish alter the structure of native reef-fish communities? (2) How does lionfish predation destabilize native prey population dynamics, possibly causing local extinctions? (3) Is there a lionfish-herbivore-seaweed trophic cascade on invaded reefs? (4) How do lionfish modify cleaning mutualisms on invaded reefs? (5) Are lionfish reaching densities where natural population limits are evident?
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2016-07
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String Three Bahamian sites: 24.8318, -076.3299;  23.8562, -076.2250; 23.7727, -076.1071; Caribbean Netherlands: 12.1599, -068.2820
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String Mechanisms and Consequences of Fish Biodiversity Loss on Atlantic Coral Reefs Caused by Invasive Pacific Lionfish
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 561017
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_website String http://hixon.science.oregonstate.edu/content/highlight-lionfish-invasion (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2012-08
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Focal lionfish behaviors at different densities of local lionfish and prey fish in Eleuthera, Bahamas from July to August in 2012
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String [Behavior of focal lionfish at different prey densities] - Focal lionfish behaviors at different densities of local lionfish and prey fish in Eleuthera, Bahamas from July to August in 2012 (Mechanisms and Consequences of Fish Biodiversity Loss on Atlantic Coral Reefs Caused by Invasive Pacific Lionfish)
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable time_period String
attribute time_period bcodmo_name String time
attribute time_period description String Time of observation; classified as either dawn midday or dusk
attribute time_period long_name String Time Period
attribute time_period nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AHMSAA01/ (external link)
attribute time_period units String unitless
variable date String
attribute date bcodmo_name String date
attribute date description String Date that reef was surveyed; mm/dd/yy
attribute date long_name String Date
attribute date nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/ (external link)
attribute date units String unitless
variable reef String
attribute reef bcodmo_name String site
attribute reef description String Reef id where lionfish were observed
attribute reef long_name String Reef
attribute reef units String unitless
variable time_start String
attribute time_start bcodmo_name String time_start
attribute time_start description String Time that focal observation began; HH:MM
attribute time_start long_name String Time Start
attribute time_start units String unitless
variable time_end String
attribute time_end bcodmo_name String time_end
attribute time_end description String Time that focal observation ended; HH:MM
attribute time_end long_name String Time End
attribute time_end units String unitless
variable PTVO_size byte
attribute PTVO_size _FillValue byte 127
attribute PTVO_size actual_range byte 13, 30
attribute PTVO_size bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute PTVO_size description String Total length of lionfish
attribute PTVO_size long_name String PTVO Size
attribute PTVO_size units String centimeters
variable specific_location String
attribute specific_location bcodmo_name String site_descrip
attribute specific_location description String Location of lionfish within the reef
attribute specific_location long_name String Specific Location
attribute specific_location units String unitless
variable prop_rest float
attribute prop_rest _FillValue float NaN
attribute prop_rest actual_range float 0.0, 1.0
attribute prop_rest bcodmo_name String time
attribute prop_rest description String Proportion of time focal lionfish spent resting (out of 10 minute observation period)
attribute prop_rest long_name String Prop Rest
attribute prop_rest nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AHMSAA01/ (external link)
attribute prop_rest units String dimensionless
variable prop_hover float
attribute prop_hover _FillValue float NaN
attribute prop_hover actual_range float 0.0, 1.0
attribute prop_hover bcodmo_name String time
attribute prop_hover description String Proportion of time focal lionfish spent hovering (out of 10 minute observation period)
attribute prop_hover long_name String Prop Hover
attribute prop_hover nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AHMSAA01/ (external link)
attribute prop_hover units String dimensionless
variable prop_swim float
attribute prop_swim _FillValue float NaN
attribute prop_swim actual_range float 0.0, 0.48
attribute prop_swim bcodmo_name String time
attribute prop_swim description String Proportion of time focal lionfish spent swimming (out of 10 minute observation period)
attribute prop_swim long_name String Prop Swim
attribute prop_swim nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AHMSAA01/ (external link)
attribute prop_swim units String dimensionless
variable prop_hunt float
attribute prop_hunt _FillValue float NaN
attribute prop_hunt actual_range float 0.0, 1.0
attribute prop_hunt bcodmo_name String time
attribute prop_hunt description String Proportion of time focal lionfish spent hunting (out of 10 minute observation period)
attribute prop_hunt long_name String Prop Hunt
attribute prop_hunt nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AHMSAA01/ (external link)
attribute prop_hunt units String dimensionless
variable departed String
attribute departed bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute departed description String Y = yes: lionfish departed from reef during observation; N = no: lionfish did not depart from reef during observation
attribute departed long_name String Departed
attribute departed units String unitless
variable returned String
attribute returned bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute returned description String If lionfish departed from reef: Y = yes lionfish returned to reef during observation; N = no lionfish did not return to reef during observation
attribute returned long_name String Returned
attribute returned units String unitless
variable number_strikes byte
attribute number_strikes _FillValue byte 127
attribute number_strikes actual_range byte 1, 1
attribute number_strikes bcodmo_name String count
attribute number_strikes colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute number_strikes colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute number_strikes description String Number of times lionfish struck at prey (attempts) during observation
attribute number_strikes long_name String Number Strikes
attribute number_strikes units String count
variable strike_species String
attribute strike_species bcodmo_name String species
attribute strike_species description String Species that lionfish struck at
attribute strike_species long_name String Strike Species
attribute strike_species units String unitless
variable number_blows byte
attribute number_blows _FillValue byte 127
attribute number_blows actual_range byte 1, 5
attribute number_blows bcodmo_name String count
attribute number_blows colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute number_blows colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute number_blows description String Number of times lionfish used the blowing technique during observation
attribute number_blows long_name String Number Blows
attribute number_blows units String count
variable blow_species String
attribute blow_species bcodmo_name String species
attribute blow_species description String Species that lionfish blew at
attribute blow_species long_name String Blow Species
attribute blow_species units String unitless
variable number_kills byte
attribute number_kills _FillValue byte 127
attribute number_kills actual_range byte 0, 1
attribute number_kills bcodmo_name String count
attribute number_kills colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute number_kills colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute number_kills description String Number of times lionfish successfully captured prey during observation
attribute number_kills long_name String Number Kills
attribute number_kills units String count
variable kill_species String
attribute kill_species bcodmo_name String species
attribute kill_species description String Species that lionfish captured
attribute kill_species long_name String Kill Species
attribute kill_species units String unitless
variable notes String
attribute notes bcodmo_name String comment
attribute notes description String Notes on observations
attribute notes long_name String Notes
attribute notes units String unitless

 
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