BCO-DMO ERDDAP
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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String [Adapted from: Randall et al. 2014 Ecology 95(7) 1981-1994]\\u00a0\\u00a0 \\u00a0\n \nTo assess the prevalence of coral diseases at each location, a survey area\n(1-10 km^2 depending on the region\\u2019s geographic features) of hard-bottom\nhabitat was visually defined using [Google\nEarth](\\\\\"http://earth.google.com/\\\\\"). The survey area was divided into 100\nby 100 meter cells (using Google Earth Path 1.4.4). Within each location,\ntwenty-five 100 by 100 meter cells were randomly selected as sites. These\nsites were defined as the primary sampling units. A single 10 by 10\nmeterquadrat was haphazardly placed within each site, for field-data\ncollection. To maintain consistency across locations and to minimize potential\neffects of coral-assemblage differences, three criteria had to be met for a\nsite to be surveyed: (1) the depth averaged between 5 and 10 meters, (2) the\nsubstrate was hard bottom, and (3) corals were present. If any one of these\ncriteria was not met at a given site, it was rejected and the next randomly\ngenerated site was selected. In total, twenty-five, 10 by 10 meter quadrats\nwere sampled at each location, for a total of 50 quadrats across two frequent-\nanomaly locations and 50 quadrats across two reference locations, for a total\nsurvey area of 10,000 m^2.\\u00a0\n \nAll four locations were surveyed between 2 July and 1 September 2012. At each\nsite, divers surveyed each 100 m^2\\u00a0quadrat by systematically laying ten\ncontiguous 1 x 10 m belt transects onto the reef substrate. Each coral colony\nwith a disease sign was identified in situ and the species and disease signs\nwere recorded. Four disease signs were identified: (1) white sign was defined\nas a bright, white band or patch of recent mortality adjacent to healthy-\nappearing tissue (i.e., the tissue bordered a well-defined edge of exposed\nskeleton not yet colonized by algae or other biofouling organisms) (sensu\nBythell et al. 2004) , (2) dark spot was defined as tissue with purple, brown\nor black lesions, forming spots of irregular shapes (sensu Goreau et al.\n1998), (3) black band was defined as a black band over the coral tissue\nexposing white skeleton with different stages of biofouling (sensu Richardson\n2004), and (4) yellow sign was defined as a yellow discoloration of tissue\nforming a band or blotches (sensu Santavy et al. 1999). White signs and black\nbands were associated with recent tissue loss; yellow signs and dark spots\nwere usually, but not always, associated with recent tissue loss. Notably,\nvery few yellow bands were observed that followed the classical description\n(Reeves 1994). Instead, most coral colonies presented a patchy, non-uniform\nyellowing of the tissue; therefore the condition was termed \\u2018yellow\nsign.\\u2019 Additionally, any area of recently exposed white skeleton, which\nwas not clearly caused by predation or a competitive interaction, was recorded\nas a white sign, including white plagues, white bands and white pox. The\nwhite-sign diseases were not differentiated because of similar- or identical-\nappearing signs, unknown etiologies for several diseases, and the possibility\nthat the diseases were caused by the same pathogens (Bythell et al. 2004,\nAinsworth et al. 2007). Coral colonies were occasionally recorded with two or\nmore signs of disease, when those signs appeared to be spatially independent.\n \nDisease mapping:\n \nFour 100 m^2 quadrats per location were mapped in their entirety, for a total\nof eight 100 m^2 quadrats per temperature-stress level. Approximately 50\ndigital images were captured from each video-transect file using Free Video to\nJPG Converter v. 5.0.58 build 324. The digital images were stitched together\nusing Adobe Photoshop\\u00a0CS5 v. 12.0, and ten 1\\u2013m by 10\\u2013m image\nmosaics were created for each 10 m by 10 m site. Each photo-mosaic was printed\nand, with the aid of the digital images and videos, the following data were\nmeasured and recorded for every coral colony within each site: (1) species,\n(2) spatial coordinates, (3) maximum diameter, (4) perpendicular diameter, (5)\nan estimate of percent partial mortality (0, <5, 25, 50, 75, or >95 %), and\n(6) \\u2018health\\u2019 status. Corals were identified as either healthy, or as\nhaving white signs, dark spots, black bands, yellow signs, or unknown signs of\ndisease (as described above). Bleached or pale colonies also were recorded,\nand when multiple disease signs were present on an individual colony, both\nsigns were recorded. Data from each site that was mapped are found in\nindividual excel files in the folder called Disease mapping site data\nfiles.\\u00a0
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 562562
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-1219804
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1219804 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String Michael E. Sieracki
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 50446
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String All Raw Mapping Data \n  R. van Woesik, PI \n  Version 2 September 2016
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2016-09-06T20:16:14Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2019-05-13T20:42:07Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &amp;time&lt;now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.658275.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/658275 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, data, dataset, depth, depth_max, dmo, erddap, genus, level, management, meter, number, oceanography, office, preliminary, reef, sign, sign_1, sign_2, sign_3, sign_4, site, site_number, species, temp_level, temperature, uin
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/658275/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/658275 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'658275': {}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/658275/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String Florida Institute of Technology
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation_acronym String FIT
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Robert van Woesik
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 562565
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String Florida Institute of Technology
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String FIT
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Dr Carly J. Randall
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 657875
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String Contact
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation String Florida Institute of Technology
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation_acronym String FIT
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_name String Robert van Woesik
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_nid String 562565
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role String Contact
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_name String Hannah Ake
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_nid String 650173
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String Contagious coral diseases?
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String Contagious coral diseases?
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String Diseases are one of the greatest threats to corals in the Caribbean. Yet, very little is known about marine diseases in general and coral diseases in particular.  Although some pathogens have been acknowledged, identifying coral pathogens has proven difficult and evasive. Presently, coral diseases are assumed to be both infectious and contagious, suggesting that infection is caused by pathogens being passed from colony to colony through a vector. However, few studies have tested this assumption. Spatial epidemiology, or disease mapping, can provide insight into whether diseases cluster and follow a contagious-disease model. In this study we will take a two tiered approach. First, we will use a hierarchical sampling design to test whether coral diseases follow a contagious-disease model over two spatial scales in the Caribbean. We will also undertake this study in locations with and without a recent history of frequent thermal stress to test the alternate hypothesis that coral diseases are not infectious and contagious but are instead the result of compromised coral hosts that have undergone thermal stress. Second, we will undertake transmission experiments to examine whether coral diseases are indeed transmissible.\nThe research will take place in the Caribbean, at four locations: (1) Mahahual, Mexico (latitude  18\"42’N, longitude  87\"42’W) and (2) Tuxpan, Mexico (latitude  21\"01’N, longitude  97\"11'W), (3) Bocas del Toro, Panama (latitude  9\"12’N, longitude  82\"09’W) and (4) St. John, United States Virgin Islands (USVI) (latitude  18\"18’N, longitude  64\"45’W).\nIntellectual merit\nThere is a certain urgency to identify coral diseases, predict their prevalence, and determine whether they are infectious and contagious or non-communicable. By understanding the etiology of coral diseases, we can determine whether human intervention will help reduce their prevalence. Without understanding these processes, we will merely continue to measure disease, continue to look for pathogens that may not exist, and watch coral populations continue to deteriorate. Although microbes play a role in disease infection, many coral diseases might not be transmissible. Therefore, we may need to incorporate environmental threshold parameters, which may be more likely the underlying mechanisms driving coral-disease dynamics. The results will have important implications for modeling diseases and predicting contemporary and future coral disease outbreaks.  \nBroader Impact\nThe underlying assumption of most disease models is contagion, which is the transmission of pathogens from infected to susceptible hosts. This study will examine this basic assumption. If it turns out that coral diseases are a consequence of a two-step process, and the corals that are tolerant to temperature stress are also resistant to diseases, then making predictions based on temperature trends will be transformational, especially in rapidly warming, yet heterogeneous, oceans. The study will train students in the field of spatial epidemiology of coral diseases.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2016-05
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String Caribbean
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String Are coral diseases contagious?
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 562563
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2012-06
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Data describing every diseased coral record from surveys in the Caribbean during 2012 (Contagious coral diseases project)
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String [Mapping information and signs for individual diseased corals] - Data describing every diseased coral record from surveys in the Caribbean during 2012 (Contagious coral diseases project) (Are coral diseases contagious?)
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable temp_level String
attribute temp_level bcodmo_name String temperature
attribute temp_level description String Temperature stress level.
attribute temp_level long_name String Temp Level
attribute temp_level nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/TEMPP901/ (external link)
attribute temp_level units String unitless
variable location String
attribute location bcodmo_name String site
attribute location description String Location where coral was located.
attribute location long_name String Location
attribute location units String unitless
variable reef String
attribute reef bcodmo_name String site
attribute reef description String Reef where coral was located.
attribute reef long_name String Reef
attribute reef units String unitless
variable site_number byte
attribute site_number _FillValue byte 127
attribute site_number actual_range byte 1, 25
attribute site_number bcodmo_name String site
attribute site_number colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute site_number colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute site_number description String Site ID number.
attribute site_number long_name String Site Number
attribute site_number units String unitless
variable depth_max float
attribute depth_max _FillValue float NaN
attribute depth_max actual_range float 4.6, 12.2
attribute depth_max bcodmo_name String depth_max
attribute depth_max colorBarMaximum double 8000.0
attribute depth_max colorBarMinimum double -8000.0
attribute depth_max colorBarPalette String TopographyDepth
attribute depth_max description String Maximum depth of site.
attribute depth_max long_name String Depth
attribute depth_max standard_name String depth
attribute depth_max units String meters
variable meter String
attribute meter bcodmo_name String site
attribute meter description String Meter along 10 meter transect.
attribute meter long_name String Meter
attribute meter units String unitless
variable genus String
attribute genus bcodmo_name String genus
attribute genus description String Genus of coral sampled.
attribute genus long_name String Genus
attribute genus units String unitless
variable species String
attribute species bcodmo_name String species
attribute species description String Species of coral sampled.
attribute species long_name String Species
attribute species units String unitless
variable UIN short
attribute UIN _FillValue short 32767
attribute UIN actual_range short 1, 6599
attribute UIN bcodmo_name String sample
attribute UIN description String Individual coral ID number.
attribute UIN long_name String UIN
attribute UIN nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/ (external link)
attribute UIN units String unitless
variable sign_1 String
attribute sign_1 bcodmo_name String brief_desc
attribute sign_1 description String First disease sign identified.
attribute sign_1 long_name String Sign 1
attribute sign_1 units String unitless
variable sign_2 String
attribute sign_2 bcodmo_name String brief_desc
attribute sign_2 description String Second disease sign identified.
attribute sign_2 long_name String Sign 2
attribute sign_2 units String unitless
variable sign_3 String
attribute sign_3 bcodmo_name String brief_desc
attribute sign_3 description String Third disease sign identified.
attribute sign_3 long_name String Sign 3
attribute sign_3 units String unitless
variable sign_4 String
attribute sign_4 bcodmo_name String brief_desc
attribute sign_4 description String Fourth disease sign identified.
attribute sign_4 long_name String Sign 4
attribute sign_4 units String unitless

 
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