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Row Type | Variable Name | Attribute Name | Data Type | Value |
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attribute | NC_GLOBAL | access_formats | String | .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | acquisition_description | String | Sampling consists of visual surveys of the percent cover of conspicuous\ncolonial sessile invertebrates and individually indistinguishable macroalgae\nby SCUBA divers. Surveys are conducted at sites distributed throughout the\nstudy region (Carmel Bay and southern Monterey Bay). Each sample site is\ndivided into three \\\"zones\\\" (by depth - 20m, 12.5m, 5m - or from offshore to\ninshore at sites with little depth variation) to assure that samples are\ndistributed across the face of a reef from inshore to offshore. Where\npossible, taxa (or taxonomic categories) are enumerated on six transects\nstratified across the three depth strata (two per stratum) per site (typically\na 100m length of coastline, extending from onshore to the 20m isobath). Each\n\\\"transect\\\" is a 2m x 30m swath haphazardly located within one of the three\ndepth strata.\\u00a0 Transects within a stratum are separated end-to-end by\napproximately 5m. Sampling of each transect is conducted by three divers\nsimultaneously. One diver records the number of individual invertebrates and\nmacroalgae within each of three 10m-long segments of the 60m2\\u00a0swath. A\nsecond diver records the organism and substratum type beneath each of 30\npoints uniformly distributed along the 30m length of the transect (i.e. 1.0m\nincrements) and the vertical relief (highest to lowest height of the reef\nsurface) within a 0.5m long by 1m wide area centered on each uniform\npoint.\\u00a0 A third diver records the number and size of sea urchins and\nabalone within each of the 10m long segments of the 60m2\\u00a0swath.\n\\u00a0Surveys are designed to measure year-to-year site-wide variability in\nspecies density or percent cover, from which community structure and\ninterannual dynamics are derived.\\u00a0 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_0_award_nid | String | 653037 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_0_award_number | String | OCE-1538582 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_0_data_url | String | http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1538582 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_0_funder_name | String | NSF Division of Ocean Sciences |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_0_funding_acronym | String | NSF OCE |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_0_funding_source_nid | String | 355 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_0_program_manager | String | Michael E. Sieracki |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_0_program_manager_nid | String | 50446 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | cdm_data_type | String | Other |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | comment | String | Community Dynamics Percent Cover Data \n M. Carr and T. Tinker, PIs \n Version 20 November 2017 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | Conventions | String | COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | creator_email | String | info at bco-dmo.org |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | creator_name | String | BCO-DMO |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | creator_type | String | institution |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | creator_url | String | https://www.bco-dmo.org/ |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | data_source | String | extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | date_created | String | 2016-10-07T17:05:53Z |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | date_modified | String | 2019-04-22T18:36:17Z |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | defaultDataQuery | String | &time<now |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | doi | String | 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.661151.1 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | Easternmost_Easting | double | -121.894574 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_lat_max | double | 36.640454 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_lat_min | double | 36.397717 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_lat_units | String | degrees_north |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_lon_max | double | -121.894574 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_lon_min | double | -121.982468 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_lon_units | String | degrees_east |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_vertical_max | double | 23.2 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_vertical_min | double | 3.4 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_vertical_positive | String | down |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_vertical_units | String | m |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | infoUrl | String | https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/661151 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | institution | String | BCO-DMO |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | keywords | String | bco, bco-dmo, biological, category, chemical, classcode, count, cov, data, dataset, date, depth, dmo, erddap, latitude, longitude, management, notes, oceanography, office, pct, pct_cov, preliminary, side, site, transect, year, zone |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | license | String | https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/661151/license |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | metadata_source | String | https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/661151 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | Northernmost_Northing | double | 36.640454 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | param_mapping | String | {'661151': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'depth': 'flag - depth', 'lon': 'master - longitude'}} |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | parameter_source | String | https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/661151/parameters |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_0_affiliation | String | University of California-Santa Cruz |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_0_affiliation_acronym | String | UC Santa Cruz |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_0_person_name | String | Mark Carr |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_0_person_nid | String | 51504 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_0_role | String | Principal Investigator |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_0_role_type | String | originator |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_1_affiliation | String | University of California-Santa Cruz |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_1_affiliation_acronym | String | UC Santa Cruz |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_1_person_name | String | Tim Tinker |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_1_person_nid | String | 51505 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_1_role | String | Co-Principal Investigator |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_1_role_type | String | originator |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_2_affiliation | String | University of California-Santa Cruz |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_2_affiliation_acronym | String | UC Santa Cruz |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_2_person_name | String | Mark Carr |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_2_person_nid | String | 51504 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_2_role | String | Contact |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_2_role_type | String | related |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_3_affiliation | String | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_3_affiliation_acronym | String | WHOI BCO-DMO |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_3_person_name | String | Hannah Ake |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_3_person_nid | String | 650173 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_3_role | String | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_3_role_type | String | related |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | project | String | Kelp_Forest_Resilience |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | projects_0_acronym | String | Kelp_Forest_Resilience |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | projects_0_description | String | A key goal of ecology is to understand how species interactions -- competition, predation, mutualism -- influence the structure (e.g., biodiversity) and functions (e.g., productivity) of ecological communities and contribute to the stability and resilience of ecosystems. Kelp forests along the West Coast of North America have been a model ecosystem in which marine ecologists have explored these questions. That work has provided evidence that predators, including sea otters, sea stars, and fishes, can be important in controlling sea urchins that otherwise overgraze forests and create alternative \"barrens\" states, devoid of kelp. However, other examples suggest that disease and disturbance, not predators, suppress urchin overgrazing. Here we employ experiments and surveys to determine whether and how sea otters and sea stars act separately and in combination to control the rapid growth of sea urchin populations that is occurring in concert with a sea star \"wasting\" epidemic along the West Coast of North America. The results of this work will (i) advance our understanding of how multiple predators interact to influence community structure, stability and resilience, and (ii) shed light on how species interactions contribute to the stability of these forests that are the foundation of productive commercial and recreational fisheries. The project will involve citizen scientists contributing to surveys of sea otter abundance, foraging behavior and diet, and underrepresented (largely Latino) undergraduates and results will be disseminated in several public outreach facilities and K-12 educational programs.\nThis project will advance our understanding of the combined roles of species diversity and predators in contributing to the stability and resilience of community structure. Though both predators and diversity have been the focus of numerous studies, fewer have explored how predator diversity does or does not enhance the resilience of marine ecosystems. The investigators will determine the relative contributions of southern sea otters (Enyhda lutris lutris) and two species of sea stars (Pycnopodia helianthoides and Pisaster giganteus) in controlling the density and size structure of two prey species, the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) and a snail (Promartynia pulligo), and the cascading effects on survival and density of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera). Orthogonal manipulations of predator access in large field enclosures/exclosures will be used to assess the relative roles of redundancy, complementarity and \"sampling effect\" (i.e. particular importance of either species) among the two predators on both direct mortality and indirect (trait-mediated) foraging behavior of their prey. The PIs will evaluate whether results from the experiments \"scale up\" to explain geographic variation in the relative densities of predators (otters and stars), prey (urchins) and the major primary producer (giant kelp) and the ability of sea otters to compensate for declines in sea stars to control the rapid growth in purple sea urchin populations that can otherwise cause phase shifts (forests to barrens) of these ecosystems. |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | projects_0_end_date | String | 2018-07 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | projects_0_geolocation | String | Monterey Bay and Carmel Bay, California; 36 N, 121 W |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | projects_0_name | String | Kelp forest community resilience in action: adaptive responses of predators to a disease-driven food web perturbation |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | projects_0_project_nid | String | 653038 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | projects_0_start_date | String | 2015-08 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | publisher_name | String | Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | publisher_type | String | institution |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | sourceUrl | String | (local files) |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | Southernmost_Northing | double | 36.397717 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | standard_name_vocabulary | String | CF Standard Name Table v55 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | summary | String | Percent cover of sessile invertebrates and algae along the coast of Monterey and Carmel starting in 1999 (Kelp Forest Resilience project) |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | title | String | [Percent cover of sessile invertebrates and algae] - Percent cover of sessile invertebrates and algae along the coast of Monterey and Carmel starting in 1999 (Kelp Forest Resilience project) (Kelp forest community resilience in action: adaptive responses of predators to a disease-driven food web perturbation) |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | version | String | 1 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | Westernmost_Easting | double | -121.982468 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | xml_source | String | osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3 |
variable | year | short | ||
attribute | year | _FillValue | short | 32767 |
attribute | year | actual_range | short | 1999, 2016 |
attribute | year | bcodmo_name | String | year |
attribute | year | description | String | The year that the survey was done. This date is expressed in YYYY format. Dates reflect measurements taken in Local Time. |
attribute | year | long_name | String | Year |
attribute | year | nerc_identifier | String | https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/YEARXXXX/ |
attribute | year | units | String | unitless |
variable | site | String | ||
attribute | site | bcodmo_name | String | site |
attribute | site | description | String | The unique site code where the survey was performed. This site code refers to a specific GPS location defined by a bounding box and is likely associated with a placename (i.e there may be multiple sitecodes at the 'Jalama Beach' placename). |
attribute | site | long_name | String | Site |
attribute | site | units | String | unitless |
variable | side | String | ||
attribute | side | bcodmo_name | String | site |
attribute | side | description | String | A division of the site into two or three areas referred to as sides. Sides may be East (E); West (W); South (S); North (N) or CEN (central) |
attribute | side | long_name | String | Side |
attribute | side | units | String | unitless |
variable | latitude | double | ||
attribute | latitude | _CoordinateAxisType | String | Lat |
attribute | latitude | _FillValue | double | NaN |
attribute | latitude | actual_range | double | 36.397717, 36.640454 |
attribute | latitude | axis | String | Y |
attribute | latitude | bcodmo_name | String | latitude |
attribute | latitude | colorBarMaximum | double | 90.0 |
attribute | latitude | colorBarMinimum | double | -90.0 |
attribute | latitude | description | String | Latitude; north is positive. |
attribute | latitude | ioos_category | String | Location |
attribute | latitude | long_name | String | Latitude |
attribute | latitude | nerc_identifier | String | https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/ |
attribute | latitude | standard_name | String | latitude |
attribute | latitude | units | String | degrees_north |
variable | longitude | double | ||
attribute | longitude | _CoordinateAxisType | String | Lon |
attribute | longitude | _FillValue | double | NaN |
attribute | longitude | actual_range | double | -121.982468, -121.894574 |
attribute | longitude | axis | String | X |
attribute | longitude | bcodmo_name | String | longitude |
attribute | longitude | colorBarMaximum | double | 180.0 |
attribute | longitude | colorBarMinimum | double | -180.0 |
attribute | longitude | description | String | Longitude; east is positive. |
attribute | longitude | ioos_category | String | Location |
attribute | longitude | long_name | String | Longitude |
attribute | longitude | nerc_identifier | String | https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/ |
attribute | longitude | standard_name | String | longitude |
attribute | longitude | units | String | degrees_east |
variable | zone | String | ||
attribute | zone | bcodmo_name | String | site |
attribute | zone | description | String | A division of the side into 2 or 4 categories representing onshore-offshore stratification or targeted bottom depths for transects. Zones may be INNER; INMID; OUTMID; OUTER. |
attribute | zone | long_name | String | Zone |
attribute | zone | units | String | unitless |
variable | transect | byte | ||
attribute | transect | _FillValue | byte | 127 |
attribute | transect | actual_range | byte | 1, 3 |
attribute | transect | bcodmo_name | String | transect |
attribute | transect | description | String | A number representing one of the parallel transects through the sitearea along which are located the sampling segments. |
attribute | transect | long_name | String | Transect |
attribute | transect | units | String | unitless |
variable | depth | double | ||
attribute | depth | _CoordinateAxisType | String | Height |
attribute | depth | _CoordinateZisPositive | String | down |
attribute | depth | _FillValue | double | NaN |
attribute | depth | actual_range | double | 3.4, 23.2 |
attribute | depth | axis | String | Z |
attribute | depth | bcodmo_name | String | depth |
attribute | depth | colorBarMaximum | double | 8000.0 |
attribute | depth | colorBarMinimum | double | -8000.0 |
attribute | depth | colorBarPalette | String | TopographyDepth |
attribute | depth | description | String | Average depth of the transect estimated by the diver. Each level is measured. |
attribute | depth | ioos_category | String | Location |
attribute | depth | long_name | String | Depth |
attribute | depth | nerc_identifier | String | https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/DEPH/ |
attribute | depth | positive | String | down |
attribute | depth | standard_name | String | depth |
attribute | depth | units | String | m |
variable | category | String | ||
attribute | category | bcodmo_name | String | site_descrip |
attribute | category | description | String | Type of percent cover observation. Values include: SUBSTRATE (size of rock or sand over which the observation is taken); RELIEF (vertical relief within a 1m x 0.5m box around the sampled point); COVER (type of biotic subtrate associated cover present the uppermost layer at the observation point); SUPERLAYER (organisms which are super-numerous but not attached to the bottom and would not therefore otherwise be captured by the density or percent cover samping methods.) |
attribute | category | long_name | String | Category |
attribute | category | units | String | unitless |
variable | date | int | ||
attribute | date | _FillValue | int | 2147483647 |
attribute | date | actual_range | int | 19990907, 20161102 |
attribute | date | bcodmo_name | String | date |
attribute | date | description | String | The date that the survey was done. This date is expressed in YYYYmmdd format. Dates reflect measurements taken in Local Time. |
attribute | date | long_name | String | Date |
attribute | date | nerc_identifier | String | https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/ |
attribute | date | units | String | unitless |
variable | classcode | String | ||
attribute | classcode | bcodmo_name | String | species |
attribute | classcode | description | String | The unique taxonomic or functional classification code that is being counted as defined in the PISCO classification table. This refers to a code that defines the Genus and Species. See \"Species Key\" dataset for definitions. |
attribute | classcode | long_name | String | Classcode |
attribute | classcode | units | String | unitless |
variable | count | byte | ||
attribute | count | _FillValue | byte | 127 |
attribute | count | actual_range | byte | 1, 90 |
attribute | count | bcodmo_name | String | count |
attribute | count | colorBarMaximum | double | 100.0 |
attribute | count | colorBarMinimum | double | 0.0 |
attribute | count | description | String | The count of the species or class indicated by the class code. The count is the number of points which fall on the identified classcode at 1m intervals along the transect tape. |
attribute | count | long_name | String | Count |
attribute | count | units | String | count |
variable | pct_cov | double | ||
attribute | pct_cov | _FillValue | double | NaN |
attribute | pct_cov | actual_range | double | 0.83333333, 100.0 |
attribute | pct_cov | bcodmo_name | String | cover_pcent |
attribute | pct_cov | description | String | Percent cover of the identified classcode calculated by dividing the count by the total number of points sampled along the transect. |
attribute | pct_cov | long_name | String | Pct Cov |
attribute | pct_cov | units | String | centimeters (cm) |
variable | notes | String | ||
attribute | notes | bcodmo_name | String | comment |
attribute | notes | description | String | notes |
attribute | notes | long_name | String | Notes |
attribute | notes | units | String | dimensionless |