BCO-DMO ERDDAP
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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String Tables and Figures referenced in the acquisition description are found in the\npaper Frank et al., 2015\n \nOnce on board ship,\\u00a0tubeworms\\u00a0and other macrofauna were removed from\nthe samples and the large pieces were broken into more manageable fragments\n(~10-20 cm3) with a flame-sterilized chisel and sledgehammer, with the user\nwearing sterile nitrile gloves. Samples were quickly transferred to 0.2 um-\nfiltered anaerobic (nitrogen-sparged) seawater. Samples were further broken\ndown into smaller sizes while in anaerobic water, and subsamples from the\ninterior of the fragments were immediately transferred to gastight jars\n(Freund Container Inc.) filled with sterile anaerobic seawater containing 2 mM\nsodium sulfide at pH 6, and stored at 4 degrees celsius for incubations and\nanalyses. The sterile sulfidic seawater in the gastight\njars\\u00a0were\\u00a0refreshed periodically during storage at 4 degrees\ncelsius. The majority of the rate experiments (80%) were set up immediately on\nthe ship using freshly collected samples. In parallel, subsamples (~1 cm3)\nfrom each flange were preserved aboard ship in glutaraldehyde (2.5% in\nphosphate buffered saline, PBS, pH 7.0), then prepared for electron microscopy\nvia ethanol dehydration and critical point drying before being sputtered with\na thin layer of gold-palladium to improve image resolution. Samples were\nimaged with a Zeiss model EVO Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).\\u00a0\n \nPrior to incubation, each flange subsample was pulverized by hand for about\none hour to minimize fine-scale geological and microbial heterogeneity and\nfacilitate more accurate experimental replication (akin to slurry experiments\nin sediments; Fossing & J\\u00f8rgensen 1989; Weber & J\\u00f8rgensen 2002;\nJ\\u00f8rgensen\\u00a0et al.\\u00a01992). Specifically, each subsample was\npulverized with a flame-sterilized sledgehammer in sterile seawater actively\nbubbled with nitrogen within an anaerobic chamber. For each independent\ntreatment, aliquots of 7.5 mL flange slurry (approx. 29 g wet weight and 20 g\ndry weight) were transferred into Balch tubes in an anaerobic chamber, and\nsupplemented with 15 mL of sterile artificial seawater media designed to mimic\nthe geochemical conditions within a hydrothermal flange (400 mM NaCl, 25 mM\nKCl, 30 mM CaCl2, 2.3 mM NaHCO3, 14 mM NaSO42-, 1 mM H2S, and 50 uM dissolved\norganic carbon - consisting of equimolar proportions 10 uM of pyruvate,\ncitrate, formate, acetate, lactate) under a pure nitrogen headspace.\\u00a0\n \nConcentrations of sulfide, sulfate and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were\nvaried independently to investigate concentration dependent effects on the\nrates of SR. The range of experimental conditions tested was determined from\npreviously published concentration profiles of aqueous species modeled as\nfunctions of temperature and position within the Grotto vent structure (Tivey,\n2004). Concentrations were varied by orders of magnitude within the modeled\nranges to simulate conditions representative of different mixing regimes\nbetween seawater and vent fluid (Table 1). The range of DOC (which we\napproximate as a mix of pyruvate, citrate, formate, acetate, lactate \\u2013\nmost of which have been identified to varying degrees within vent fluid and\nare known carbon sources for heterotrophic SR in culture) concentrations\ntested were based on the average DOC concentrations measured within diffuse\nfluids at the Main Endeavor Field (Lang\\u00a0et al., 2006; Lang\\u00a0et\nal.,\\u00a02010). Hydrogen sulfide was present as H2S (pKa\\u00a0in seawater of\n6.60) across all the conditions tested (Amend & Shock, 2001). Incubations were\ncarried out at pH 4 (to simulate the pH of end-member Grotto vent fluid and\nthe average calculated pH of\\u00a0mixed fluids in highly reduced zones within\nthe flange; Tivey 2004) as well as pH 6 (representative of the calculated pH\nin fluid mixing zones; Tivey 2004). All the results are presented and\ndiscussed in the context of the initial measured media conditions.\\u00a0\n \nSufficient\\u00a035SO42-\\u00a0was added to achieve 15 uCi of activity. Samples\nwere incubated anaerobically for 1, 3 or 7 days at ambient seawater (4 degrees\ncelsius), thermophilic (50 degrees celsius) and hyperthermophilic (90 degrees\ncelsius) temperatures. The range of temperatures considered was representative\nof different thermal regimes associated with the surface, outer layer and\nmiddle regions of hydrothermal chimneys (Tivey 2004; Kormas\\u00a0et\nal.\\u00a02006; Schrenk\\u00a0et al. 2003). Negative controls consisted of\nsamples amended with 28 mM molybdate to inhibit SR (Newport & Nedwell, 1988;\nSaleh\\u00a0et al., 1964). Three biological replicates were run for each\ntreatment, and two biological replicates for each control.\\u00a0\n \nUpon completion, reactions were quenched with the injection of 5 mL 25% zinc\nacetate, at pH 8 (i.e. 20-fold excess Zn), and all samples were frozen at -20\ndegrees celsius for further analysis. 80% of incubations were performed\nshipboard with freshly collected samples and the remaining 20% of incubations\nwere completed within one year of collection.\\u00a0\n \nTo determine SR rates, samples were thawed and the supernatant was removed and\nfiltered through a 0.2 um syringe filter. The homogenized flange that remained\nin the tube was washed three times with deionized water to remove any\nremaining sulfate. One gram (wet weight) of flange material was added to 10 mL\nof a 1:1 ethanol to water solution in the chromium distillation apparatus, and\nthen degassed with nitrogen for 15 minutes to drive the environment anoxic.\nHydrogen sulfide gas was evolved after the anaerobic addition of 8 mL of 12 N\nHCl and 10 mL of 1 M reduced chromium chloride, followed by 3 hours of\nheating. The resulting hydrogen sulfide gas was carried via nitrogen gas\nthrough a condenser to remove\\u00a0HCl,\\u00a0and was then trapped as zinc\nsulfide in a 25% zinc acetate solution. To moderate potential artifacts of hot\ndistillation methods including elevated rates in control samples, experiments\nwere analyzed in triplicate, on different days and with different glassware to\nminimize cross-contamination, and any activity observed in \\u201ccontrol\\u201d\nsamples was deleted from the treatments. The radioactivity of the resulting\nsulfide (Zn35S) and the remaining sulfate from the supernatant\n(35SO42-)\\u00a0were\\u00a0measured via liquid scintillation counter in Ultima\nGold scintillation cocktail (ThermoFisher Inc., Waltham, MA).\\u00a0\n \nOnce on board ship,\\u00a0tubeworms\\u00a0and other macrofauna were removed from\nthe samples and the large pieces were broken into more manageable fragments\n(~10-20 cm3) with a flame-sterilized chisel and sledgehammer, with the user\nwearing sterile nitrile gloves. Samples were quickly transferred to 0.2 um-\nfiltered anaerobic (nitrogen-sparged) seawater. Samples were further broken\ndown into smaller sizes while in anaerobic water, and subsamples from the\ninterior of the fragments were immediately transferred to gastight jars\n(Freund Container Inc.) filled with sterile anaerobic seawater containing 2 mM\nsodium sulfide at pH 6, and stored at 4 degrees celsius for incubations and\nanalyses. The sterile sulfidic seawater in the gastight\njars\\u00a0were\\u00a0refreshed periodically during storage at 4 degrees\ncelsius. The majority of the rate experiments (80%) were set up immediately on\nthe ship using freshly collected samples. In parallel, subsamples (~1 cm3)\nfrom each flange were preserved aboard ship in glutaraldehyde (2.5% in\nphosphate buffered saline, PBS, pH 7.0), then prepared for electron microscopy\nvia ethanol dehydration and critical point drying before being sputtered with\na thin layer of gold-palladium to improve image resolution. Samples were\nimaged with a Zeiss model EVO Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).\\u00a0\n \nPrior to incubation, each flange subsample was pulverized by hand for about\none hour to minimize fine-scale geological and microbial heterogeneity and\nfacilitate more accurate experimental replication (akin to slurry experiments\nin sediments; Fossing & J\\u00f8rgensen 1989; Weber & J\\u00f8rgensen 2002;\nJ\\u00f8rgensen et al. 1992). Specifically, each subsample was pulverized with\na flame-sterilized sledgehammer in sterile seawater actively bubbled with\nnitrogen within an anaerobic chamber. For each independent treatment, aliquots\nof 7.5 mL flange slurry (approx. 29 g wet weight and 20 g dry weight) were\ntransferred into Balch tubes in an anaerobic chamber, and supplemented with 15\nmL of sterile artificial seawater media designed to mimic the geochemical\nconditions within a hydrothermal flange (400 mM NaCl, 25 mM KCl, 30 mM CaCl2,\n2.3 mM NaHCO3, 14 mM NaSO42-, 1 mM H2S, and 50 uM dissolved organic carbon -\nconsisting of equimolar proportions 10 uM of pyruvate, citrate, formate,\nacetate, lactate) under a pure nitrogen headspace.\\u00a0\n \nConcentrations of sulfide, sulfate and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were\nvaried independently to investigate concentration dependent effects on the\nrates of SR. The range of experimental conditions tested was determined from\npreviously published concentration profiles of aqueous species modeled as\nfunctions of temperature and position within the Grotto vent structure (Tivey,\n2004). Concentrations were varied by orders of magnitude within the modeled\nranges to simulate conditions representative of different mixing regimes\nbetween seawater and vent fluid (Table 1). The range of DOC (which we\napproximate as a mix of pyruvate, citrate, formate, acetate, lactate \\u2013\nmost of which have been identified to varying degrees within vent fluid and\nare known carbon sources for heterotrophic SR in culture) concentrations\ntested were based on the average DOC concentrations measured within diffuse\nfluids at the Main Endeavor Field (Lang et al., 2006; Lang et al., 2010).\nHydrogen sulfide was present as H2S (pKa in seawater of 6.60) across all the\nconditions tested (Amend & Shock, 2001). Incubations were carried out at pH 4\n(to simulate the pH of end-member Grotto vent fluid and the average calculated\npH of mixed fluids in highly reduced zones within the flange; Tivey 2004) as\nwell as pH 6 (representative of the calculated pH in fluid mixing zones; Tivey\n2004). All the results are presented and discussed in the context of the\ninitial measured media conditions.\\u00a0\n \nSufficient 35SO42- was added to achieve 15 uCi of activity. Samples were\nincubated anaerobically for 1, 3 or 7 days at ambient seawater (4 degrees\ncelsius), thermophilic (50 degrees celsius) and hyperthermophilic (90 degrees\ncelsius) temperatures. The range of temperatures considered was representative\nof different thermal regimes associated with the surface, outer layer and\nmiddle regions of hydrothermal chimneys (Tivey 2004; Kormas et al. 2006;\nSchrenk et al. 2003). Negative controls consisted of samples amended with 28\nmM molybdate to inhibit SR (Newport & Nedwell, 1988; Saleh et al., 1964).\nThree biological replicates were run for each treatment, and two biological\nreplicates for each control.\\u00a0\n \nUpon completion, reactions were quenched with the injection of 5 mL 25% zinc\nacetate, at pH 8 (i.e. 20-fold excess Zn), and all samples were frozen at -20\ndegrees celsius for further analysis. 80% of incubations were performed\nshipboard with freshly collected samples and the remaining 20% of incubations\nwere completed within one year of collection.\\u00a0\n \nTo determine SR rates, samples were thawed and the supernatant was removed and\nfiltered through a 0.2 um syringe filter. The homogenized flange that remained\nin the tube was washed three times with deionized water to remove any\nremaining sulfate. One gram (wet weight) of flange material was added to 10 mL\nof a 1:1 ethanol to water solution in the chromium distillation apparatus, and\nthen degassed with nitrogen for 15 minutes to drive the environment anoxic.\nHydrogen sulfide gas was evolved after the anaerobic addition of 8 mL of 12 N\nHCl and 10 mL of 1 M reduced chromium chloride, followed by 3 hours of\nheating. The resulting hydrogen sulfide gas was carried via nitrogen gas\nthrough a condenser to remove\\u00a0HCl,\\u00a0and was then trapped as zinc\nsulfide in a 25% zinc acetate solution. To moderate potential artifacts of hot\ndistillation methods including elevated rates in control samples, experiments\nwere analyzed in triplicate, on different days and with different glassware to\nminimize cross-contamination, and any activity observed in \\u201ccontrol\\u201d\nsamples was deleted from the treatments. The radioactivity of the resulting\nsulfide (Zn35S) and the remaining sulfate from the supernatant\n(35SO42-)\\u00a0were\\u00a0measured via liquid scintillation counter in Ultima\nGold scintillation cocktail (ThermoFisher Inc., Waltham, MA).\\u00a0
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 554913
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-1061934
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1061934 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String David L. Garrison
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 50534
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_award_nid String 626305
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_award_number String OCE-0838107
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0838107 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_program_manager String Kandace  S Binkley
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_program_manager_nid String 51512
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_award_nid String 626308
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_award_number String NNX09AB78G
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_funder_name String NASA Astrobiology Science & Technology for Exploring Planets
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_funding_acronym String NASA-ASTEP
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_funding_source_nid String 626307
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_3_award_nid String 626309
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_3_award_number String NNX07AV51G
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_3_funder_name String NASA Astrobiology Science & Technology for Exploring Planets
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_3_funding_acronym String NASA-ASTEP
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_3_funding_source_nid String 626307
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String Sulfate Reduction Rates \n  P. Girguis, PI \n  Version 13 October 2016
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2016-10-13T21:40:27Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2019-04-22T18:17:30Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.661557.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Easternmost_Easting double -129.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_max double 47.95
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_min double 47.95
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degrees_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_max double -129.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_min double -129.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degrees_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/661557 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_acronym String in-situ incubator
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description String Used aboard ship and in lab
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid String 661748
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_description String A device on shipboard or in the laboratory that holds water samples under controlled conditions of temperature and possibly illumination.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/82/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_name String In-situ incubator
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_nid String 494
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_supplied_name String Incubator
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_acronym String LSC
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_dataset_instrument_description String Used to quantify activity
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid String 661807
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_description String Liquid scintillation counting is an analytical technique which is defined by the incorporation of the radiolabeled analyte into uniform distribution with a liquid chemical medium capable of converting the kinetic energy of nuclear emissions into light energy. Although the liquid scintillation counter is a sophisticated laboratory counting system used the quantify the activity of particulate emitting (ß and a) radioactive samples, it can also detect the auger electrons emitted from 51Cr and 125I samples.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_instrument_external_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB21/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_instrument_name String Liquid Scintillation Counter
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_instrument_nid String 624
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_supplied_name String Liquid scintillation counter
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_acronym String pH Sensor
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_dataset_instrument_description String pH sensor
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_dataset_instrument_nid String 661637
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_description String General term for an instrument that measures the pH or how acidic or basic a solution is.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_instrument_name String pH Sensor
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_instrument_nid String 674
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_supplied_name String pH sensor
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_3_acronym String Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_3_dataset_instrument_description String DOC was measured
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_3_dataset_instrument_nid String 661638
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_3_description String An electronic device that measures the proportion of oxygen (O2) in the gas or liquid being analyzed
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_3_instrument_name String Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_3_instrument_nid String 705
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_3_supplied_name String DO sensor
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_4_dataset_instrument_description String Tubeworm and macrofauna subsamples were imaged.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_4_dataset_instrument_nid String 661635
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_4_description String Instruments that generate enlarged images of samples using the phenomena of reflection and absorption of electrons behaving as waves.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_4_instrument_external_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB07/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_4_instrument_name String Microscope-Electron
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_4_instrument_nid String 709
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_4_supplied_name String Zeiss model EVO Scanning Electron Microscope
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String 3day, 7day, bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, chemistry, commerce, data, dataset, department, dmo, doc, earth, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > pH, erddap, experiment, experiment_num, inhibited, inoculum, latitude, longitude, management, num, ocean, oceanography, oceans, office, preliminary, replicates, reported, scale, science, sea, sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale, seawater, srrate, SRrate_3day, SRrate_3day_replicates, SRrate_7day, SRrate_7day_replicates, SRrate_inhibited, SRrate_inhibited_replicates, sulfate, sulfide, temperature, total, water
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords_vocabulary String GCMD Science Keywords
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/661557/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/661557 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Northernmost_Northing double 47.95
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'661557': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'lon': 'master - longitude'}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/661557/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String Harvard University
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Peter Girguis
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 544586
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String University of Hawaii at Manoa
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String SOEST
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Kiana Frank
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 626318
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String Contact
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_name String Hannah Ake
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_nid String 650173
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String North Pond Microbes,Middle Valley Vents
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String North Pond Microbes
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String Description from NSF award abstract:\nCurrent estimates suggest that the volume of ocean crust capable of sustaining life is comparable in magnitude to that of the oceans. To date, there is little understanding of the composition or functional capacity of microbial communities in the sub-seafloor, or their influence on the chemistry of the oceans and subsequent consequences for global biogeochemical cycles. This project focuses on understanding the relationship between microbial communities and fluid chemistry in young crustal fluids that are responsible for the transport of energy, nutrients, and organisms in the crust. Specifically, the PIs will couple microbial activity measurements, including autotrophic carbon, nitrogen and sulfur metabolisms as well as mineral oxide reduction, with quantitative assessments of functional gene expression and geochemical transformations in basement fluids. Through a comprehensive suite of in situ and shipboard analyses, this research will yield cross-disciplinary advances in our understanding of the microbial ecology and geochemistry of the sub-seafloor biosphere. The focus of the effort is at North Pond, an isolated sediment pond located on ridge flank oceanic crust 7-8 million years old on the western side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. North Pond is currently the target for drilling on IODP expedition 336, during which it will be instrumented with three sub-seafloor basement observatories.\nThe project will leverage this opportunity for targeted and distinct sampling at North Pond on two German-US research cruises to accomplish three main objectives:\n1. to determine if different basement fluid horizons across North Pond host distinct microbial communities and chemical milieus and the degree to which they change over a two-year post-drilling period.\n2. to quantify the extent of autotrophic metabolism via microbially-mediated transformations in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur species in basement fluids at North Pond.\n3. to determine the extent of suspended particulate mineral oxides in basement fluids at North Pond and to characterize their role as oxidants for fluid-hosted microbial communities.\nSpecific outcomes include quantitative assessments of microbial activity and gene expression as well as geochemical transformations. The program builds on the integrative research goals for North Pond and will provide important data for guiding the development of that and future deep biosphere research programs. Results will increase understanding of microbial life and chemistry in young oceanic crust as well as provide new insights into controls on the distribution and activity of marine microbial communities throughout the worlds oceans.\nThere are no data about microbial communities in ubiquitous cold, oceanic crust, the emphasis of the proposed work. This is an interdisciplinary project at the interface of microbial ecology, chemistry, and deep-sea oceanography with direct links to international and national research and educational organizations.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2015-05
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String North Pond, mid-Atlantic Ridge
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String Collaborative Research: Characterization of Microbial Transformations in Basement Fluids, from Genes to Geochemical Cycling
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 554914
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2011-06
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_acronym String Middle Valley Vents
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_description String This project characterizes rates of microbially mediated sulfate reduction from three distinct hydrothermal vents in the Middle Valley vent field along the Juan de Fuca Ridge, as well as assessments of bacterial and archaeal diversity, estimates of total biomass and the abundance of functional genes related to sulfate reduction, and in situ geochemistry. Maximum rates of sulfate reduction occurred at 90°C in all three deposits. Pyrosequencing and functional gene abundance data reveal differences in both biomass and community composition among sites, including differences in the abundance of known sulfate reducing bacteria. The abundance of sequences for Thermodesulfovibro-like organisms and higher sulfate reduction rates at elevated temperatures, suggests that Thermodesulfovibro-like organisms may play a role in sulfate reduction in warmer environments. The rates of sulfate reduction observed suggest that - within anaerobic niches of hydrothermal deposits - heterotrophic sulfate reduction may be quite common and might contribute substantially to secondary productivity, underscoring the potential role of this process in both sulfur and carbon cycling at vents.\nThis project was funded, in part, by a C-DEBI Graduate Student Fellowship.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_geolocation String Middle Valley vent field along the Juan de Fuca Ridge
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_name String Characterizing the distribution and rates of microbial sulfate reduction at Middle Valley hydrothermal vents
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_project_nid String 626603
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Southernmost_Northing double 47.95
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL subsetVariables String latitude,longitude,SRrate_3day_replicates,SRrate_inhibited_replicates
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Sulfate reduction rates at Main Endeavor grotto chimney from samples collected on RV Atlantis (AT18-08) during Jason II dives in the Juan de Fuca Ridge from July to August 2011
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String [Sulfate reduction rates] - Sulfate reduction rates at Main Endeavor grotto chimney from samples collected on RV Atlantis (AT18-08) during Jason II dives in the Juan de Fuca Ridge from July to August 2011 (Characterizing the distribution and rates of microbial sulfate reduction at Middle Valley hydrothermal vents)
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Westernmost_Easting double -129.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable inoculum String
attribute inoculum bcodmo_name String incubation time
attribute inoculum description String Fresh: incubation performed on shipboard with freshly collected samples; Stored: incubation completed within one year of collection.
attribute inoculum long_name String Inoculum
attribute inoculum nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AZDRZZ01/ (external link)
attribute inoculum units String unitless
variable experiment_num String
attribute experiment_num bcodmo_name String exp_id
attribute experiment_num description String PI issued experiment ID number
attribute experiment_num long_name String Experiment Num
attribute experiment_num units String unitless
variable latitude double
attribute latitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lat
attribute latitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute latitude actual_range double 47.95, 47.95
attribute latitude axis String Y
attribute latitude bcodmo_name String latitude
attribute latitude colorBarMaximum double 90.0
attribute latitude colorBarMinimum double -90.0
attribute latitude description String Latitude
attribute latitude ioos_category String Location
attribute latitude long_name String Latitude
attribute latitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/ (external link)
attribute latitude standard_name String latitude
attribute latitude units String degrees_north
variable longitude double
attribute longitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lon
attribute longitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute longitude actual_range double -129.1, -129.1
attribute longitude axis String X
attribute longitude bcodmo_name String longitude
attribute longitude colorBarMaximum double 180.0
attribute longitude colorBarMinimum double -180.0
attribute longitude description String Longitude
attribute longitude ioos_category String Location
attribute longitude long_name String Longitude
attribute longitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/ (external link)
attribute longitude standard_name String longitude
attribute longitude units String degrees_east
variable sulfide float
attribute sulfide _FillValue float NaN
attribute sulfide actual_range float 1.0E-9, 0.001
attribute sulfide bcodmo_name String sulfide
attribute sulfide description String Independently varied concentration of sulfide
attribute sulfide long_name String Sulfide
attribute sulfide units String molar (M)
variable DOC float
attribute DOC _FillValue float NaN
attribute DOC actual_range float 0.0, 50.0
attribute DOC bcodmo_name String DOC
attribute DOC description String Independently varied dissolved oxygen concentration
attribute DOC long_name String DOC
attribute DOC nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/CORGZZZX/ (external link)
attribute DOC units String micromoles (uM)
variable sulfate float
attribute sulfate _FillValue float NaN
attribute sulfate actual_range float 1.0E-5, 14.0
attribute sulfate bcodmo_name String SO4
attribute sulfate description String Independently varied concentration of sulfate
attribute sulfate long_name String Sulfate
attribute sulfate nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/SPHTMAXX/ (external link)
attribute sulfate units String millimoles (mM)
variable pH byte
attribute pH _FillValue byte 127
attribute pH actual_range byte 4, 6
attribute pH bcodmo_name String pH
attribute pH colorBarMaximum double 9.0
attribute pH colorBarMinimum double 7.0
attribute pH description String pH of media added to incubations; Incubations were carried out at either pH 4 or 6; 4: simulates the pH of end-member Grotto vent fluid and the average calculated pH of mixed fluids in highly reduced zones within flange (Tivey 2004). 6: represents the calculated pH in fluid mixing zones (Tivey 2004).
attribute pH long_name String Sea Water Ph Reported On Total Scale
attribute pH nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PHXXZZXX/ (external link)
attribute pH units String pH
variable temperature byte
attribute temperature _FillValue byte 127
attribute temperature actual_range byte 4, 90
attribute temperature bcodmo_name String temperature
attribute temperature description String Temperatures at which samples were incubated anaerobically for 1, 3, or 7 days. 4 C: ambient seawater; 50 C: thermophilic; 90 C: hyperthermophilic.
attribute temperature long_name String Temperature
attribute temperature units String celsius (C)
variable SRrate_3day float
attribute SRrate_3day _FillValue float NaN
attribute SRrate_3day actual_range float 0.0, 1695.552
attribute SRrate_3day bcodmo_name String SO4
attribute SRrate_3day description String Sulfate reduction rate after 3 day incubation
attribute SRrate_3day long_name String SRrate 3day
attribute SRrate_3day nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/SPHTMAXX/ (external link)
attribute SRrate_3day units String nmol/gday
variable SRrate_3day_replicates byte
attribute SRrate_3day_replicates _FillValue byte 127
attribute SRrate_3day_replicates actual_range byte 3, 3
attribute SRrate_3day_replicates bcodmo_name String num_reps
attribute SRrate_3day_replicates description String Number of replicates used for 3 day incubation
attribute SRrate_3day_replicates long_name String SRrate 3day Replicates
attribute SRrate_3day_replicates units String count
variable SRrate_7day float
attribute SRrate_7day _FillValue float NaN
attribute SRrate_7day actual_range float 0.0, 1678.113
attribute SRrate_7day bcodmo_name String SO4
attribute SRrate_7day description String Sulfate reduction rate after 7 day incubation
attribute SRrate_7day long_name String SRrate 7day
attribute SRrate_7day nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/SPHTMAXX/ (external link)
attribute SRrate_7day units String nmol/gday
variable SRrate_7day_replicates byte
attribute SRrate_7day_replicates _FillValue byte 127
attribute SRrate_7day_replicates actual_range byte 0, 3
attribute SRrate_7day_replicates bcodmo_name String num_reps
attribute SRrate_7day_replicates description String Number of replicates used for 7 day incubation
attribute SRrate_7day_replicates long_name String SRrate 7day Replicates
attribute SRrate_7day_replicates units String count
variable SRrate_inhibited float
attribute SRrate_inhibited _FillValue float NaN
attribute SRrate_inhibited actual_range float 0.0, 9.19
attribute SRrate_inhibited bcodmo_name String SO4
attribute SRrate_inhibited description String Sulfate reduction rate molybdate inhibited controls
attribute SRrate_inhibited long_name String SRrate Inhibited
attribute SRrate_inhibited nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/SPHTMAXX/ (external link)
attribute SRrate_inhibited units String nmol/gday
variable SRrate_inhibited_replicates byte
attribute SRrate_inhibited_replicates _FillValue byte 127
attribute SRrate_inhibited_replicates actual_range byte 2, 2
attribute SRrate_inhibited_replicates bcodmo_name String num_reps
attribute SRrate_inhibited_replicates description String Number of replicates used for molybdate inhibited controls
attribute SRrate_inhibited_replicates long_name String SRrate Inhibited Replicates
attribute SRrate_inhibited_replicates units String count

 
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