BCO-DMO ERDDAP
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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String The study was conducted from November 2010 through February 2011 and between\nNovember 2011 and January 2012 on shallow (~1 m below the surface at low tide,\nequal or shallower than 2 m at high tide), intertidal fringing reefs platforms\n(up to 800-m wide) along the Coral Coast (18\\u00ba\\u00a013.05\\u2019S,\n177\\u00ba\\u00a042.97\\u2019E) of Viti Levu, Fiji\\u2019s main island. Many of\nthe owners of traditional fishing rights along the Coral Coast have\nestablished small, customary no-take MPAs to improve and sustain their\nadjacent fishing grounds. The MPAs in this region are delimited by surface\nmarkings and enforced by local villagers, and they have been closed to all\nfishing activities since their inception (about 10 years). The only exception\nto this closure was a small experimental hook and line fishing research\nproject that was conducted in the MPAs of Votua and\\u00a0Namada. In the\n\\u00a0non-MPAs, the main fishing targets are species of Acanthuridae\n(Nasinae), Epinephelidae, Labridae, Mullidae, and Lutjanidae. Permission for\nthe research was granted by the Fijian Ministry of Education, National\nHeritage, Culture & Arts, Youth & Sports, which is authorized to approve field\nstudies in Fijian waters. No animal collection or experimental procedures\ninvolving animals were conducted during the study, and no endangered species\nwere recorded during our assessments.\\u00a0\n \nTo assess the effects of MPAs on fish assemblages, fish feeding group\ncomposition, herbivory rates, benthic cover, and coral recruit density, we\ncompared three spatially paired MPA and adjacent, fished, areas (non-MPAs)\nassociated with the villages of\nVotua,\\u00a0Vatu-o-lalai\\u00a0and\\u00a0Namada.\\u00a0 Comparisons of fish\nassemblages inside and outside of closures are widely used for determining the\neffects of reserves, but it should be acknowledged that this approach does not\nreveal the state of an MPA relative to an undisturbed baseline.\\u00a0\n \nThe studied MPAs were established in 2002 (Vatu-o-lalai,\\u00a0Namada) and 2003\n(Votua), and shortly after establishment, coral cover was low (~7%),\nand\\u00a0macroalgal\\u00a0cover was high (~35\\u201345%) in both the MPAs and\n\\u00a0non-MPAs. All surveys and assays were conducted during the same season\n(austral summer) to minimize seasonal variation in sampling. The reef extends\napprox. 1 km from shore within each MPA and\\u00a0non-MPA,\\u00a0and all data\nwere collected between 30 and 700 m of the shore (i.e., shoreward of the reef\ncrest) parallel to the\\u00a0shoreline.\n \nBenthic cover:\\u00a0The benthic cover of the six study sites was surveyed\nalong 30-m long transects running parallel to the shore in each MPA and non-\nMPA. Along each transect, photographs were taken from 0.5 m above the bottom\nevery 2 m along each transect (i.e., 16 photos per transect), so that\nconsecutive photographs did not overlap. The area of each photograph was about\n25 cm x 30 cm, therefore sampled area per transect was about 1.2m2. Photos\nwere analyzed for percentage cover of corals and macrophytes using CPC with\nExcel extensions; the program randomly placed 20 points on each photo, and we\nidentified the organism beneath each point. Organisms were further classified\ninto four main categories: scleractinian corals, macroalgae, epilithic algal\nmatrix [the EAM\\u00a0sensu\\u00a064], and others.\n \nA total of 273 transects were conducted: 87 in Votua (48 in the MPA and 39 in\nthe non-MPA), 94 in Vatu-o-lalai\\u00a0(44 in the MPA and 50 in the non-MPA),\nand 87 in\\u00a0Namada\\u00a0(41 in the MPA and 51 in the non-MPA). Transects\nwere conducted from December 2010 to January 2011 and from December 2011 to\nJanuary 2012, and there was no spatial overlap between transects even between\ndifferent sampled year periods. On each sampling day, four to six transects\nwere deployed on the reef parallel to the shoreline. To ensure that transects\nwere independent and non-overlapping, they were separated by a minimum of 15\nm, and the ends of each transect were marked with small surface buoys.\nAdditionally, after conducting every 4\\u20136 transects, the snorkeler swam\napprox. 25 m towards the reef crest to start a new set of transects, so\nsampling was widespread within each area.
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 480718
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-0929119
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0929119 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String David L. Garrison
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 50534
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_award_nid String 674109
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_award_number String U01-TW007401
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_data_url String https://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_description.cfm?icde=0&aid=7741942 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_funder_name String National Institutes of Health
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_funding_acronym String NIH
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_funding_source_nid String 636502
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_program_manager String Flora Katz
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_program_manager_nid String 674108
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String M. Hay \n  Benthic Cover \n  Version 6 January 2017
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2017-01-07T00:05:04Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2019-04-05T15:55:24Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.674104.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/674104 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, coral, data, dataset, dmo, eam, erddap, management, oceanography, office, preliminary, site, status, transect, year
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/674104/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/674104 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'674104': {}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/674104/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String Georgia Institute of Technology
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation_acronym String Georgia Tech
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Mark Hay
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 480720
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Hannah Ake
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 650173
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String Killer Seaweeds
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String Killer Seaweeds
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String Extracted from the NSF award abstract:\nCoral reefs are in dramatic global decline, with reefs commonly converting from species-rich and topographically-complex communities dominated by corals to species- poor and topographically-simplified communities dominated by seaweeds. These phase-shifts result in fundamental loss of ecosystem function. Despite debate about whether coral-to-algal transitions are commonly a primary cause, or simply a consequence, of coral mortality, rigorous field investigation of seaweed-coral competition has received limited attention. There is limited information on how the outcome of seaweed-coral competition varies among species or the relative importance of different competitive mechanisms in facilitating seaweed dominance. In an effort to address this topic, the PI will conduct field experiments in the tropical South Pacific (Fiji) to determine the effects of seaweeds on corals when in direct contact, which seaweeds are most damaging to corals, the role allelopathic lipids that are transferred via contact in producing these effects, the identity and surface concentrations of these metabolites, and the dynamic nature of seaweed metabolite production and coral response following contact. The herbivorous fishes most responsible for controlling allelopathic seaweeds will be identified, the roles of seaweed metabolites in allelopathy vs herbivore deterrence will be studied, and the potential for better managing and conserving critical reef herbivores so as to slow or reverse conversion of coral reef to seaweed meadows will be examined.\nPreliminary results indicate that seaweeds may commonly damage corals via lipid- soluble allelochemicals. Such chemically-mediated interactions could kill or damage adult corals and produce the suppression of coral fecundity and recruitment noted by previous investigators and could precipitate positive feedback mechanisms making reef recovery increasingly unlikely as seaweed abundance increases. Chemically-mediated seaweed-coral competition may play a critical role in the degradation of present-day coral reefs. Increasing information on which seaweeds are most aggressive to corals and which herbivores best limit these seaweeds may prove useful in better managing reefs to facilitate resilience and possible recovery despite threats of global-scale stresses. Fiji is well positioned to rapidly use findings from this project for better management of reef resources because it has already erected >260 MPAs, Fijian villagers have already bought-in to the value of MPAs, and the Fiji Locally-Managed Marine Area (FLMMA) Network is well organized to get information to villagers in a culturally sensitive and useful manner.\nThe broader impacts of this project are far reaching. The project provides training opportunities for 2-2.5 Ph.D students and 1 undergraduate student each year in the interdisciplinary areas of marine ecology, marine conservation, and marine chemical ecology. Findings from this project will be immediately integrated into classes at Ga Tech and made available throughout Fiji via a foundation and web site that have already set-up to support marine conservation efforts in Fiji and marine education efforts both within Fiji and internationally. Business and community leaders from Atlanta (via Rotary International Service efforts) have been recruited to help organize and fund community service and outreach projects in Fiji -- several of which are likely to involve marine conservation and education based in part on these efforts there. Media outlets (National Geographic, NPR, Animal Planet, Audubon Magazine, etc.) and local Rotary clubs will be used to better disseminate these discoveries to the public.\nPUBLICATIONS PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF THIS RESEARCH\nRasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kubanek J, and ME Hay. \"Macroalgal terpenes function as allelopathic agents against reef corals\", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 108, 2011, p. 17726.\nBeattie AJ, ME Hay, B Magnusson, R de Nys, J Smeathers, JFV Vincent. \"Ecology and bioprospecting,\" Austral Ecology, v.36, 2011, p. 341.\nRasher DB and ME Hay. \"Seaweed allelopathy degrades the resilience and function of coral reefs,\" Communicative and Integrative Biology, v.3, 2010.\nHay ME, Rasher DB. \"Corals in crisis,\" The Scientist, v.24, 2010, p. 42.\nHay ME and DB Rasher. \"Coral reefs in crisis: reversing the biotic death spiral,\" Faculty 1000 Biology Reports 2010, v.2, 2010.\nRasher DB and ME Hay. \"Chemically rich seaweeds poison corals when not controlled by herbivores\", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v.107, 2010, p. 9683.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2014-08
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String Viti Levu, Fiji (18º13.049’S, 177º42.968’E)
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 480717
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2009-09
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Benthic cover data from six sites in Viti Levu, Fiji from 2010-2012 (Killer Seaweeds project)
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String [Benthic cover] - Benthic cover data from six sites in Viti Levu, Fiji from 2010-2012 (Killer Seaweeds project) (Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals)
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable site String
attribute site bcodmo_name String site
attribute site description String Site name
attribute site long_name String Site
attribute site units String unitless
variable status String
attribute status bcodmo_name String site_descrip
attribute status description String Status of area where sampling was done; Marine Protected Area (MPA) or non-MPA (NON)
attribute status long_name String Status
attribute status units String unitless
variable transect byte
attribute transect _FillValue byte 127
attribute transect actual_range byte 1, 51
attribute transect bcodmo_name String transect
attribute transect description String Transect number
attribute transect long_name String Transect
attribute transect units String unitless
variable year byte
attribute year _FillValue byte 127
attribute year actual_range byte 1, 2
attribute year bcodmo_name String date_range
attribute year description String (A) Sampling took place between December 2010 and January 2011; (B) Sampling took place between December 2011 and January 2012
attribute year long_name String Year
attribute year units String unitless
variable coral double
attribute coral _FillValue double NaN
attribute coral actual_range double 0.0, 42.5
attribute coral bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute coral description String Percent cover of coral
attribute coral long_name String Coral
attribute coral units String centimeters
variable ma double
attribute ma _FillValue double NaN
attribute ma actual_range double 0.0, 73.125
attribute ma bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute ma description String Percent cover of macroalgae
attribute ma long_name String Ma
attribute ma units String centimeters
variable eam double
attribute eam _FillValue double NaN
attribute eam actual_range double 0.0, 94.375
attribute eam bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute eam description String Percent cover of epilithic algal matrix
attribute eam long_name String Eam
attribute eam units String centimeters
variable other double
attribute other _FillValue double NaN
attribute other actual_range double 0.0, 100.0
attribute other bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute other description String Percent cover of other categories
attribute other long_name String Other
attribute other units String centimeters

 
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