BCO-DMO | ERDDAP - bcodmo_dataset_674172

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	The study was conducted from November 2010 through February 2011 and between\nNovember 2011 and January 2012 on shallow (~1 m below the surface at low tide,\nequal or shallower than 2 m at high tide), intertidal fringing reefs platforms\n(up to 800-m wide) along the Coral Coast (18\\u00ba\\u00a013.05\\u2019S,\n177\\u00ba\\u00a042.97\\u2019E) of Viti Levu, Fiji\\u2019s main island. Many of\nthe owners of traditional fishing rights along the Coral Coast have\nestablished small, customary no-take MPAs to improve and sustain their\nadjacent fishing grounds. The MPAs in this region are delimited by surface\nmarkings and enforced by local villagers, and they have been closed to all\nfishing activities since their inception (about 10 years). The only exception\nto this closure was a small experimental hook and line fishing research\nproject that was conducted in the MPAs of Votua and\\u00a0Namada. In the\n\\u00a0non-MPAs, the main fishing targets are species of Acanthuridae\n(Nasinae), Epinephelidae, Labridae, Mullidae, and Lutjanidae. Permission for\nthe research was granted by the Fijian Ministry of Education, National\nHeritage, Culture & Arts, Youth & Sports, which is authorized to approve field\nstudies in Fijian waters. No animal collection or experimental procedures\ninvolving animals were conducted during the study, and no endangered species\nwere recorded during our assessments.\\u00a0\n \nTo assess the effects of MPAs on fish assemblages, fish feeding group\ncomposition, herbivory rates, benthic cover, and coral recruit density, we\ncompared three spatially paired MPA and adjacent, fished, areas (non-MPAs)\nassociated with the villages of\nVotua,\\u00a0Vatu-o-lalai\\u00a0and\\u00a0Namada.\\u00a0 Comparisons of fish\nassemblages inside and outside of closures are widely used for determining the\neffects of reserves, but it should be acknowledged that this approach does not\nreveal the state of an MPA relative to an undisturbed baseline.\\u00a0\n \nThe studied MPAs were established in 2002 (Vatu-o-lalai,\\u00a0Namada) and 2003\n(Votua), and shortly after establishment, coral cover was low (~7%),\nand\\u00a0macroalgal\\u00a0cover was high (~35\\u201345%) in both the MPAs and\n\\u00a0non-MPAs. All surveys and assays were conducted during the same season\n(austral summer) to minimize seasonal variation in sampling. The reef extends\napprox. 1 km from shore within each MPA and\\u00a0non-MPA,\\u00a0and all data\nwere collected between 30 and 700 m of the shore (i.e., shoreward of the reef\ncrest) parallel to the\\u00a0shoreline.\n \nFish assemblages: Underwater visual censuses (UVC) were used to assess fish\nassemblages in MPAs and non-MPAs at the three village sites. Underwater\nvisibility at all study sites (> 15 m) was appropriate for the use of UVC, but\ndue to the visual limitations of this method, we did not consider cryptic\nspecies or species with a maximum total length < 5 cm. During our surveys, we\ncategorized species into two major categories (Herbivores and Non-herbivores)\nthat were subdivided into ten sub-categories. Herbivores include the main\nroving nominally herbivorous fish clades, which play an important role in the\ncontrol of benthic algae, and these species were further divided into four\nsub-categories (browsers, grazers, scrapers, and excavators) according to\ndiet, feeding mode, and impact on the benthos. The category of Non-herbivores\nincludes all species that feed on other, non-algal resources.\n \nSeparate 30m x 4m belt transects were performed for Herbivores and Non-\nherbivores. While simultaneously deploying the transect line, a snorkeler\nrecorded all non-cryptic fishes (either Herbivores or Non-herbivores) within 2\nm of either side of the transect. Individual fish were identified to species\nand placed into 5-cm (total length) size classes, and the lengths were\nconverted to biomass using established length-weight relationships.\\u00a0\n \nTransects were conducted in each area within 2 h of high tide (approx. 1.5 m\ndepth) and were equally distributed between the two sampling periods (Dec\n2010\\u2013Jan 2011 and Dec 2011\\u2013Jan 2012), the months within each sampled\nyear (December and January of each year). On each sampling day, four to six\ntransects were deployed on the reef parallel to the shoreline, with a minimum\nof 10m between adjacent transects. To ensure that transects were independent\nand non-overlapping, small numbered surface floats were placed at the start\nand end of each transect, and were left in position during all sampling. Care\nwas taken to avoid re-counting fishes that left and subsequently re-entered\nthe transect areas. The initial starting point of the transects for each day\nwas selected based on a map of the study sites with two constraints: (1) as to\na minimum distance from shore\\u00a0(at least 30 m), and a minimum distance\nfrom the MPA boundaries\\u00a0(150 m).\\u00a0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	480718
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-0929119
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0929119
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	David L. Garrison
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	50534
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_award_nid	String	674109
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_award_number	String	U01-TW007401
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_data_url	String	https://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_description.cfm?icde=0&aid=7741942
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_funder_name	String	National Institutes of Health
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_funding_acronym	String	NIH
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_funding_source_nid	String	636502
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_program_manager	String	Flora Katz
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_program_manager_nid	String	674108
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	M. Hay \n Species Richness \n Version 6 January 2017
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2017-01-07T00:48:25Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2019-04-05T15:15:50Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&time<now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.674172.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/674172
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, data, dataset, day, dmo, erddap, management, oceanography, office, preliminary, site, species, status, transect, type, year
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/674172/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/674172
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'674172': {}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/674172/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	Georgia Institute of Technology
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation_acronym	String	Georgia Tech
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Mark Hay
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	480720
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Hannah Ake
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	650173
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	Killer Seaweeds
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	Killer Seaweeds
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	Extracted from the NSF award abstract:\nCoral reefs are in dramatic global decline, with reefs commonly converting from species-rich and topographically-complex communities dominated by corals to species- poor and topographically-simplified communities dominated by seaweeds. These phase-shifts result in fundamental loss of ecosystem function. Despite debate about whether coral-to-algal transitions are commonly a primary cause, or simply a consequence, of coral mortality, rigorous field investigation of seaweed-coral competition has received limited attention. There is limited information on how the outcome of seaweed-coral competition varies among species or the relative importance of different competitive mechanisms in facilitating seaweed dominance. In an effort to address this topic, the PI will conduct field experiments in the tropical South Pacific (Fiji) to determine the effects of seaweeds on corals when in direct contact, which seaweeds are most damaging to corals, the role allelopathic lipids that are transferred via contact in producing these effects, the identity and surface concentrations of these metabolites, and the dynamic nature of seaweed metabolite production and coral response following contact. The herbivorous fishes most responsible for controlling allelopathic seaweeds will be identified, the roles of seaweed metabolites in allelopathy vs herbivore deterrence will be studied, and the potential for better managing and conserving critical reef herbivores so as to slow or reverse conversion of coral reef to seaweed meadows will be examined.\nPreliminary results indicate that seaweeds may commonly damage corals via lipid- soluble allelochemicals. Such chemically-mediated interactions could kill or damage adult corals and produce the suppression of coral fecundity and recruitment noted by previous investigators and could precipitate positive feedback mechanisms making reef recovery increasingly unlikely as seaweed abundance increases. Chemically-mediated seaweed-coral competition may play a critical role in the degradation of present-day coral reefs. Increasing information on which seaweeds are most aggressive to corals and which herbivores best limit these seaweeds may prove useful in better managing reefs to facilitate resilience and possible recovery despite threats of global-scale stresses. Fiji is well positioned to rapidly use findings from this project for better management of reef resources because it has already erected >260 MPAs, Fijian villagers have already bought-in to the value of MPAs, and the Fiji Locally-Managed Marine Area (FLMMA) Network is well organized to get information to villagers in a culturally sensitive and useful manner.\nThe broader impacts of this project are far reaching. The project provides training opportunities for 2-2.5 Ph.D students and 1 undergraduate student each year in the interdisciplinary areas of marine ecology, marine conservation, and marine chemical ecology. Findings from this project will be immediately integrated into classes at Ga Tech and made available throughout Fiji via a foundation and web site that have already set-up to support marine conservation efforts in Fiji and marine education efforts both within Fiji and internationally. Business and community leaders from Atlanta (via Rotary International Service efforts) have been recruited to help organize and fund community service and outreach projects in Fiji -- several of which are likely to involve marine conservation and education based in part on these efforts there. Media outlets (National Geographic, NPR, Animal Planet, Audubon Magazine, etc.) and local Rotary clubs will be used to better disseminate these discoveries to the public.\nPUBLICATIONS PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF THIS RESEARCH\nRasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kubanek J, and ME Hay. \"Macroalgal terpenes function as allelopathic agents against reef corals\", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 108, 2011, p. 17726.\nBeattie AJ, ME Hay, B Magnusson, R de Nys, J Smeathers, JFV Vincent. \"Ecology and bioprospecting,\" Austral Ecology, v.36, 2011, p. 341.\nRasher DB and ME Hay. \"Seaweed allelopathy degrades the resilience and function of coral reefs,\" Communicative and Integrative Biology, v.3, 2010.\nHay ME, Rasher DB. \"Corals in crisis,\" The Scientist, v.24, 2010, p. 42.\nHay ME and DB Rasher. \"Coral reefs in crisis: reversing the biotic death spiral,\" Faculty 1000 Biology Reports 2010, v.2, 2010.\nRasher DB and ME Hay. \"Chemically rich seaweeds poison corals when not controlled by herbivores\", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v.107, 2010, p. 9683.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2014-08
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	Viti Levu, Fiji (18º13.049’S, 177º42.968’E)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	480717
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2009-09
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Species richness in and out of MPAs in Viti Levu, Fiji from 2010-2012 (Killer Seaweeds project)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	[Species richness] - Species richness in and out of MPAs in Viti Levu, Fiji from 2010-2012 (Killer Seaweeds project) (Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	type		String
attribute	type	bcodmo_name	String	sample
attribute	type	description	String	Category of fish assemblage sampled; Herbivores include the main roving nominally herbivorous fish clades; non-herbivores includes all species that feed on other, non-algal resources.
attribute	type	long_name	String	Type
attribute	type	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/
attribute	type	units	String	unitless
variable	site		String
attribute	site	bcodmo_name	String	site
attribute	site	description	String	Site name
attribute	site	long_name	String	Site
attribute	site	units	String	unitless
variable	status		String
attribute	status	bcodmo_name	String	site_descrip
attribute	status	description	String	Status of area where sampling was done; Marine Protected Area (MPA) or non-MPA (NON)
attribute	status	long_name	String	Status
attribute	status	units	String	unitless
variable	species		byte
attribute	species	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	species	actual_range	byte	0, 21
attribute	species	bcodmo_name	String	species
attribute	species	description	String	Number of different species counted on each transect for each category of fish assemblage; herbivore or non-herbivore
attribute	species	long_name	String	Species
attribute	species	units	String	count
variable	year		String
attribute	year	bcodmo_name	String	date_range
attribute	year	description	String	(A) Sampling took place between December 2010 and January 2011; (B) Sampling took place between December 2011 and January 2012
attribute	year	long_name	String	Year
attribute	year	units	String	unitless
variable	day		String
attribute	day	bcodmo_name	String	time_point
attribute	day	description	String	Day that sampling took place within each year's sampling event. A, B, and C all took place in during year A (Dec 2010 - Jan 2011); D, E, and F all took place during year B (Dec 2011 - Jan 2012).
attribute	day	long_name	String	Day
attribute	day	units	String	unitless
variable	transect		byte
attribute	transect	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	transect	actual_range	byte	1, 18
attribute	transect	bcodmo_name	String	transect
attribute	transect	description	String	Transect number; 1-15
attribute	transect	long_name	String	Transect
attribute	transect	units	String	unitless

Row Type

Variable Name

Attribute Name

Data Type

Value

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

access_formats

String

.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

acquisition_description

String

The study was conducted from November 2010 through February 2011 and between\nNovember 2011 and January 2012 on shallow (~1 m below the surface at low tide,\nequal or shallower than 2 m at high tide), intertidal fringing reefs platforms\n(up to 800-m wide) along the Coral Coast (18\\u00ba\\u00a013.05\\u2019S,\n177\\u00ba\\u00a042.97\\u2019E) of Viti Levu, Fiji\\u2019s main island. Many of\nthe owners of traditional fishing rights along the Coral Coast have\nestablished small, customary no-take MPAs to improve and sustain their\nadjacent fishing grounds. The MPAs in this region are delimited by surface\nmarkings and enforced by local villagers, and they have been closed to all\nfishing activities since their inception (about 10 years). The only exception\nto this closure was a small experimental hook and line fishing research\nproject that was conducted in the MPAs of Votua and\\u00a0Namada. In the\n\\u00a0non-MPAs, the main fishing targets are species of Acanthuridae\n(Nasinae), Epinephelidae, Labridae, Mullidae, and Lutjanidae. Permission for\nthe research was granted by the Fijian Ministry of Education, National\nHeritage, Culture & Arts, Youth & Sports, which is authorized to approve field\nstudies in Fijian waters. No animal collection or experimental procedures\ninvolving animals were conducted during the study, and no endangered species\nwere recorded during our assessments.\\u00a0\n \nTo assess the effects of MPAs on fish assemblages, fish feeding group\ncomposition, herbivory rates, benthic cover, and coral recruit density, we\ncompared three spatially paired MPA and adjacent, fished, areas (non-MPAs)\nassociated with the villages of\nVotua,\\u00a0Vatu-o-lalai\\u00a0and\\u00a0Namada.\\u00a0 Comparisons of fish\nassemblages inside and outside of closures are widely used for determining the\neffects of reserves, but it should be acknowledged that this approach does not\nreveal the state of an MPA relative to an undisturbed baseline.\\u00a0\n \nThe studied MPAs were established in 2002 (Vatu-o-lalai,\\u00a0Namada) and 2003\n(Votua), and shortly after establishment, coral cover was low (~7%),\nand\\u00a0macroalgal\\u00a0cover was high (~35\\u201345%) in both the MPAs and\n\\u00a0non-MPAs. All surveys and assays were conducted during the same season\n(austral summer) to minimize seasonal variation in sampling. The reef extends\napprox. 1 km from shore within each MPA and\\u00a0non-MPA,\\u00a0and all data\nwere collected between 30 and 700 m of the shore (i.e., shoreward of the reef\ncrest) parallel to the\\u00a0shoreline.\n \nFish assemblages: Underwater visual censuses (UVC) were used to assess fish\nassemblages in MPAs and non-MPAs at the three village sites. Underwater\nvisibility at all study sites (> 15 m) was appropriate for the use of UVC, but\ndue to the visual limitations of this method, we did not consider cryptic\nspecies or species with a maximum total length < 5 cm. During our surveys, we\ncategorized species into two major categories (Herbivores and Non-herbivores)\nthat were subdivided into ten sub-categories. Herbivores include the main\nroving nominally herbivorous fish clades, which play an important role in the\ncontrol of benthic algae, and these species were further divided into four\nsub-categories (browsers, grazers, scrapers, and excavators) according to\ndiet, feeding mode, and impact on the benthos. The category of Non-herbivores\nincludes all species that feed on other, non-algal resources.\n \nSeparate 30m x 4m belt transects were performed for Herbivores and Non-\nherbivores. While simultaneously deploying the transect line, a snorkeler\nrecorded all non-cryptic fishes (either Herbivores or Non-herbivores) within 2\nm of either side of the transect. Individual fish were identified to species\nand placed into 5-cm (total length) size classes, and the lengths were\nconverted to biomass using established length-weight relationships.\\u00a0\n \nTransects were conducted in each area within 2 h of high tide (approx. 1.5 m\ndepth) and were equally distributed between the two sampling periods (Dec\n2010\\u2013Jan 2011 and Dec 2011\\u2013Jan 2012), the months within each sampled\nyear (December and January of each year). On each sampling day, four to six\ntransects were deployed on the reef parallel to the shoreline, with a minimum\nof 10m between adjacent transects. To ensure that transects were independent\nand non-overlapping, small numbered surface floats were placed at the start\nand end of each transect, and were left in position during all sampling. Care\nwas taken to avoid re-counting fishes that left and subsequently re-entered\nthe transect areas. The initial starting point of the transects for each day\nwas selected based on a map of the study sites with two constraints: (1) as to\na minimum distance from shore\\u00a0(at least 30 m), and a minimum distance\nfrom the MPA boundaries\\u00a0(150 m).\\u00a0

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_award_nid

String

480718

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_award_number

String

OCE-0929119

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_data_url

String

http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0929119 (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_funder_name

String

NSF Division of Ocean Sciences

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_funding_acronym

String

NSF OCE

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_funding_source_nid

String

355

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_program_manager

String

David L. Garrison

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_0_program_manager_nid

String

50534

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_1_award_nid

String

674109

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_1_award_number

String

U01-TW007401

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_1_data_url

String

https://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_description.cfm?icde=0&aid=7741942 (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_1_funder_name

String

National Institutes of Health

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_1_funding_acronym

String

NIH

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_1_funding_source_nid

String

636502

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_1_program_manager

String

Flora Katz

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

awards_1_program_manager_nid

String

674108

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

cdm_data_type

String

Other

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

comment

String

M. Hay \n Species Richness \n Version 6 January 2017

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

Conventions

String

COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

creator_email

String

info at bco-dmo.org

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

creator_name

String

BCO-DMO

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

creator_type

String

institution

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

creator_url

String

https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

data_source

String

extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

date_created

String

2017-01-07T00:48:25Z

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

date_modified

String

2019-04-05T15:15:50Z

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

defaultDataQuery

String

&time<now

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

doi

String

10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.674172.1

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

infoUrl

String

https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/674172 (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

institution

String

BCO-DMO

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

keywords

String

bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, data, dataset, day, dmo, erddap, management, oceanography, office, preliminary, site, species, status, transect, type, year

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

license

String

https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/674172/license (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

metadata_source

String

https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/674172 (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

param_mapping

String

{'674172': {}}

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

parameter_source

String

https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/674172/parameters (external link)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_affiliation

String

Georgia Institute of Technology

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_affiliation_acronym

String

Georgia Tech

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_person_name

String

Mark Hay

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_person_nid

String

480720

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_role

String

Principal Investigator

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_0_role_type

String

originator

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_affiliation

String

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_affiliation_acronym

String

WHOI BCO-DMO

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_person_name

String

Hannah Ake

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_person_nid

String

650173

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_role

String

BCO-DMO Data Manager

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

people_1_role_type

String

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

project

String

Killer Seaweeds

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_acronym

String

Killer Seaweeds

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_description

String

Extracted from the NSF award abstract:\nCoral reefs are in dramatic global decline, with reefs commonly converting from species-rich and topographically-complex communities dominated by corals to species- poor and topographically-simplified communities dominated by seaweeds. These phase-shifts result in fundamental loss of ecosystem function. Despite debate about whether coral-to-algal transitions are commonly a primary cause, or simply a consequence, of coral mortality, rigorous field investigation of seaweed-coral competition has received limited attention. There is limited information on how the outcome of seaweed-coral competition varies among species or the relative importance of different competitive mechanisms in facilitating seaweed dominance. In an effort to address this topic, the PI will conduct field experiments in the tropical South Pacific (Fiji) to determine the effects of seaweeds on corals when in direct contact, which seaweeds are most damaging to corals, the role allelopathic lipids that are transferred via contact in producing these effects, the identity and surface concentrations of these metabolites, and the dynamic nature of seaweed metabolite production and coral response following contact. The herbivorous fishes most responsible for controlling allelopathic seaweeds will be identified, the roles of seaweed metabolites in allelopathy vs herbivore deterrence will be studied, and the potential for better managing and conserving critical reef herbivores so as to slow or reverse conversion of coral reef to seaweed meadows will be examined.\nPreliminary results indicate that seaweeds may commonly damage corals via lipid- soluble allelochemicals. Such chemically-mediated interactions could kill or damage adult corals and produce the suppression of coral fecundity and recruitment noted by previous investigators and could precipitate positive feedback mechanisms making reef recovery increasingly unlikely as seaweed abundance increases. Chemically-mediated seaweed-coral competition may play a critical role in the degradation of present-day coral reefs. Increasing information on which seaweeds are most aggressive to corals and which herbivores best limit these seaweeds may prove useful in better managing reefs to facilitate resilience and possible recovery despite threats of global-scale stresses. Fiji is well positioned to rapidly use findings from this project for better management of reef resources because it has already erected >260 MPAs, Fijian villagers have already bought-in to the value of MPAs, and the Fiji Locally-Managed Marine Area (FLMMA) Network is well organized to get information to villagers in a culturally sensitive and useful manner.\nThe broader impacts of this project are far reaching. The project provides training opportunities for 2-2.5 Ph.D students and 1 undergraduate student each year in the interdisciplinary areas of marine ecology, marine conservation, and marine chemical ecology. Findings from this project will be immediately integrated into classes at Ga Tech and made available throughout Fiji via a foundation and web site that have already set-up to support marine conservation efforts in Fiji and marine education efforts both within Fiji and internationally. Business and community leaders from Atlanta (via Rotary International Service efforts) have been recruited to help organize and fund community service and outreach projects in Fiji -- several of which are likely to involve marine conservation and education based in part on these efforts there. Media outlets (National Geographic, NPR, Animal Planet, Audubon Magazine, etc.) and local Rotary clubs will be used to better disseminate these discoveries to the public.\nPUBLICATIONS PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF THIS RESEARCH\nRasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kubanek J, and ME Hay. \"Macroalgal terpenes function as allelopathic agents against reef corals\", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 108, 2011, p. 17726.\nBeattie AJ, ME Hay, B Magnusson, R de Nys, J Smeathers, JFV Vincent. \"Ecology and bioprospecting,\" Austral Ecology, v.36, 2011, p. 341.\nRasher DB and ME Hay. \"Seaweed allelopathy degrades the resilience and function of coral reefs,\" Communicative and Integrative Biology, v.3, 2010.\nHay ME, Rasher DB. \"Corals in crisis,\" The Scientist, v.24, 2010, p. 42.\nHay ME and DB Rasher. \"Coral reefs in crisis: reversing the biotic death spiral,\" Faculty 1000 Biology Reports 2010, v.2, 2010.\nRasher DB and ME Hay. \"Chemically rich seaweeds poison corals when not controlled by herbivores\", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v.107, 2010, p. 9683.

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_end_date

String

2014-08

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_geolocation

String

Viti Levu, Fiji (18º13.049’S, 177º42.968’E)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_name

String

Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_project_nid

String

480717

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

projects_0_start_date

String

2009-09

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

publisher_name

String

Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

publisher_type

String

institution

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

sourceUrl

String

(local files)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

standard_name_vocabulary

String

CF Standard Name Table v55

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

summary

String

Species richness in and out of MPAs in Viti Levu, Fiji from 2010-2012 (Killer Seaweeds project)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

title

String

[Species richness] - Species richness in and out of MPAs in Viti Levu, Fiji from 2010-2012 (Killer Seaweeds project) (Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals)

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

version

String

attribute

NC_GLOBAL

xml_source

String

osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3

variable

type

String

attribute

type

bcodmo_name

String

sample

attribute

type

description

String

Category of fish assemblage sampled; Herbivores include the main roving nominally herbivorous fish clades; non-herbivores includes all species that feed on other, non-algal resources.

attribute

type

long_name

String

Type

attribute

type

nerc_identifier

String

https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/ (external link)

attribute

type

units

String

unitless

variable

site

String

attribute

site

bcodmo_name

String

site

attribute

site

description

String

Site name

attribute

site

long_name

String

Site

attribute

site

units

String

unitless

variable

status

String

attribute

status

bcodmo_name

String

site_descrip

attribute

status

description

String

Status of area where sampling was done; Marine Protected Area (MPA) or non-MPA (NON)

attribute

status

long_name

String

Status

attribute

status

units

String

unitless

variable

species

byte

attribute

species

_FillValue

byte

127

attribute

species

actual_range

byte

0, 21

attribute

species

bcodmo_name

String

species

attribute

species

description

String

Number of different species counted on each transect for each category of fish assemblage; herbivore or non-herbivore

attribute

species

long_name

String

Species

attribute

species

units

String

count

variable

year

String

attribute

year

bcodmo_name

String

date_range

attribute

year

description

String

(A) Sampling took place between December 2010 and January 2011; (B) Sampling took place between December 2011 and January 2012

attribute

year

long_name

String

Year

attribute

year

units

String

unitless

variable

day

String

attribute

day

bcodmo_name

String

time_point

attribute

day

description

String

Day that sampling took place within each year's sampling event. A, B, and C all took place in during year A (Dec 2010 - Jan 2011); D, E, and F all took place during year B (Dec 2011 - Jan 2012).

attribute

day

long_name

String

Day

attribute

day

units

String

unitless

variable

transect

byte

attribute

transect

_FillValue

byte

127

attribute

transect

actual_range

byte

1, 18

attribute

transect

bcodmo_name

String

transect

attribute

transect

description

String

Transect number; 1-15

attribute

transect

long_name

String

Transect

attribute

transect

units

String

unitless

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