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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String Methods from Kindinger and Albins (2016) \\\"Consumptive and non-consumptive\neffects of an invasive marine predator on native\\u00a0coral-\nreef\\u00a0herbivores\\\"\\u00a0doi:\\u00a0[10.1007/s10530-016-1268-1](\\\\\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10530-016-1268-1\\\\\")\n \nVisual surveys of reef fishes were conducted by a pair of SCUBA divers\nthroughout (seafloor to surface) two permanent square plots (10 9 10 m) and\nfour permanent strip transects (2 9 25 m), for a total area of 400 m2 per reef\n(see Albins 2015 for detailed description). We positioned square plots to\ninclude areas of the reef with the highest apparent relief, and strip\ntransects were placed randomly across the remaining hard substrate, with the\nintent of including all important high-relief habitat features. Divers\nconducted censuses of each sampling unit whereby each fish was identified to\nthe species-level and total length (TL) was visually estimated to the nearest\ncm. Paired reefs (low- and high-lionfish-densities) were surveyed within 24 h\nby the same set of observers, and all reefs were surveyed by the author (M.\nAlbins). Every 3\\u20135 months thereafter, we resurveyed the fish community at\nall experimental reefs.\n \nWe quantified CEs of invasive lionfish on native herbivorous fish populations\nthroughout the 2-year experiment by comparing the change in density and\nbiomass of small and large herbivorous fishes between lionfish-density\ntreatments. Small fish were B 10 cm TL, which encompasses the majority of prey\nfish sizes reported in invasive lionfish gut-content studies for the size\nrange of lionfish (2\\u201335 cm TL) observed on our experimental reefs (Morris\nand Akins 2009 ; Mun\\u02dcoz et al. 2011 ). Responses of fish [ 10 cm TL were\nconsistent, regardless of whether individuals were binned into medium\n(11\\u201320 cm TL) and large ([ 20 cm TL) size classes, so hereafter we refer\nto all fish[ 10 cm TL as large . To determine the relative response of\ndifferent sub guilds of herbivorous fishes, we also calculated the change in\nsmall and large fish density and biomass by fish family: (1) parrotfishes\n(Labridae); (2) surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae); (3) angelfishes (Pomacanthidae);\nand (4) damselfishes (Pomacentridae). We used published length-weight\nconversions to calculate fish biomass; parameters of closely related species\nwere used when conversions were not available (Online Resource 1). We\ncalculated changes in fish density and biomass at every survey interval by\nsubtracting the baseline value (prior to initial lionfish manipulation) for\neach sub-sample (plots and transects) from the corresponding value of each\nsubsequent survey.\n \nTo test for an effect of invasive lionfish through time on changes in density\nand/or biomass of each group of native fishes (described above), we fitted\nlinear mixed effects models (LMMs) with lionfish density treatment and time as\ncategorical fixed effects, and sub -sample nested within reef as random\neffects (Pinheiro and Bates 2000 ; Bolker et al. 2009 ; Zuur et al. 2009 ).\nTime was a categorical variable because we had no a priori reason to assume\nany linear relationships with response variables. Full models included\nweighted terms allowing variances to differ among reefs and AR1 covariance\nstructures to account for temporal autocorrelation (Zuur et al. 2009 ). We\nfitted full and reduced models (with vs. without weighted terms and/or AR1\nstructures) using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and compared full and\nreduced models using Akaike\\u2019s Information Criterion (AIC) and likelihood\nratio tests (LRTs, Online Resource 2). Visual examination of residuals of the\nbest-fit models indicated that the assumptions of normality, homogeneity, and\nindependence were all met.\n \nTo assess the significance of fixed effects, we refit each model using maximum\nlikelihood estimation (ML) and applied LRTs (Zuur et al. 2009 ). Fixed effects\nthat were not significant were sequentially dropped from models. The resulting\nbest-fit models in terms of variance structure, temporal correlation, and\nfixed effects were refit using REML in order to estimate the fixed-effects\nparameters and associated effect sizes. If LRTs indicated the lionfish 9 time\ninteraction was significant, we made simultaneous inferences about the\nmarginal effects of the lionfish treatment at each survey period, and adjusted\nthe associated p values to maintain an approximately 5 % family-wise error\nrate (Hothorn et al. 2008 ). Regardless of whether the lionfish 9 time\ninteraction was significant, we estimated expected values and standard error\nof the means (SEMs) for all response variables from low- and high-lionfish-\ndensity treatments during each survey period. We also fit LMMs to compare the\nbaseline levels of each response variable between lionfish-density treatments\nusing a similar procedure to the one outlined above, but with density and\nbiomass of each group of small and large fishes (described above) as the\nresponse (rather than the change in these variables). Additionally, we fit\nLMMs to assess whether small (B 10 cm) and large ([ 10 cm) native\nmesopredators (Online Resource 1) that are potentially ecologically-similar to\ninvasive lionfish differed between the reefs assigned to each lionfish density\ntreatment at the baseline survey (mesopredator density and biomass) and at\neach subsequent survey period (change in mesopredator density and biomass).
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 561016
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-1233027
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1233027 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String David L. Garrison
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 50534
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String Fish Survey \n  M. Hixon and T. Kindinger \n  Version 16 May 2017
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2017-05-18T16:12:37Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2019-03-28T18:34:53Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.700226.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/700226 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, data, dataset, dmo, erddap, family, management, oceanography, office, pair, preliminary, sample, sample_type, site, site_pair, site_treatment, size, size_1, size_100, size_15, size_150, size_2, size_20, size_200, size_25, size_250, size_3, size_30, size_35, size_4, size_40, size_45, size_5, size_50, size_6, species, subsample, subsample_ID, time, time2, treatment, type, year
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/700226/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/700226 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'700226': {}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/700226/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String University of Hawaii
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Mark Hixon
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 51647
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String Auburn University
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Mark  A Albins
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 51666
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String Scientist
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation String Oregon State University
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation_acronym String OSU
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_name String Tye L. Kindinger
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_nid String 51707
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role String Contact
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_name String Hannah Ake
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_nid String 650173
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String BiodiversityLossEffects_lionfish
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String BiodiversityLossEffects_lionfish
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String The Pacific red lionfish (Pterois volitans), a popular aquarium fish, was introduced to the Atlantic Ocean in the vicinity of Florida in the late 20th century. Voraciously consuming small native coral-reef fishes, including the juveniles of fisheries and ecologically important species, the invader has undergone a population explosion that now ranges from the U.S. southeastern seaboard to the Gulf of Mexico and across the greater Caribbean region. The PI's past research determined that invasive lionfish (1) have escaped their natural enemies in the Pacific (lionfish are much less abundant in their native range); (2) are not yet controlled by Atlantic predators, competitors, or parasites; (3) have strong negative effects on populations of native Atlantic fishes; and (4) locally reduce the diversity (number of species) of native fishes. The lionfish invasion has been recognized as one of the major conservation threats worldwide.\nThe Bahamas support the highest abundances of invasive lionfish globally. This system thus provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the direct and indirect effects of a major invader on a diverse community, as well as the underlying causative mechanisms. The PI will focus on five related questions: (1) How does long-term predation by lionfish alter the structure of native reef-fish communities? (2) How does lionfish predation destabilize native prey population dynamics, possibly causing local extinctions? (3) Is there a lionfish-herbivore-seaweed trophic cascade on invaded reefs? (4) How do lionfish modify cleaning mutualisms on invaded reefs? (5) Are lionfish reaching densities where natural population limits are evident?
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2016-07
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String Three Bahamian sites: 24.8318, -076.3299;  23.8562, -076.2250; 23.7727, -076.1071; Caribbean Netherlands: 12.1599, -068.2820
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String Mechanisms and Consequences of Fish Biodiversity Loss on Atlantic Coral Reefs Caused by Invasive Pacific Lionfish
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 561017
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_website String http://hixon.science.oregonstate.edu/content/highlight-lionfish-invasion (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2012-08
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL subsetVariables String size_150,size_200,size_250
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Fish species survey from the Bahamas from 2009-2012.
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String [Fish species survey] - Fish species survey from the Bahamas from 2009-2012. (Mechanisms and Consequences of Fish Biodiversity Loss on Atlantic Coral Reefs Caused by Invasive Pacific Lionfish)
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable year short
attribute year _FillValue short 32767
attribute year actual_range short 2009, 2011
attribute year bcodmo_name String year
attribute year description String Year of observation
attribute year long_name String Year
attribute year nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/YEARXXXX/ (external link)
attribute year units String unitless
variable family String
attribute family bcodmo_name String family
attribute family description String Family of fish
attribute family long_name String Family
attribute family units String unitless
variable site String
attribute site bcodmo_name String site
attribute site description String Name of study site (reef)
attribute site long_name String Site
attribute site units String unitless
variable site_treatment String
attribute site_treatment bcodmo_name String treatment
attribute site_treatment description String Lionfish treatment of site (reef): Low-lionfish-density reef or High-lionfish-density reef
attribute site_treatment long_name String Site Treatment
attribute site_treatment units String unitless
variable time2 byte
attribute time2 _FillValue byte 127
attribute time2 actual_range byte 0, 7
attribute time2 bcodmo_name String time_point
attribute time2 description String Time step of observation (0 -7 where 0 = baseline)
attribute time2 long_name String Time
attribute time2 units String unitless
variable site_pair String
attribute site_pair bcodmo_name String site
attribute site_pair description String Site pairs
attribute site_pair long_name String Site Pair
attribute site_pair units String unitless
variable sample_type String
attribute sample_type bcodmo_name String sample_type
attribute sample_type description String Sampling method used: PLOT = square 10 x 10 m plots; STRIP = 2 x 25 m line transects
attribute sample_type long_name String Sample Type
attribute sample_type units String unitless
variable subsample_ID String
attribute subsample_ID bcodmo_name String sample
attribute subsample_ID description String ID of sampling area per study site
attribute subsample_ID long_name String Subsample ID
attribute subsample_ID nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/ (external link)
attribute subsample_ID units String unitless
variable species String
attribute species bcodmo_name String species
attribute species description String Species of fish: species codes are first two letters of genus and species (see species key)
attribute species long_name String Species
attribute species units String unitless
variable size_1 byte
attribute size_1 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_1 actual_range byte 0, 4
attribute size_1 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_1 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (1 cm total body length)
attribute size_1 long_name String Size 1
attribute size_1 units String count
variable size_2 byte
attribute size_2 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_2 actual_range byte 0, 90
attribute size_2 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_2 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (2 cm total body length)
attribute size_2 long_name String Size 2
attribute size_2 units String count
variable size_3 byte
attribute size_3 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_3 actual_range byte 0, 84
attribute size_3 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_3 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (3 cm total body length)
attribute size_3 long_name String Size 3
attribute size_3 units String count
variable size_4 byte
attribute size_4 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_4 actual_range byte 0, 51
attribute size_4 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_4 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (4 cm total body length)
attribute size_4 long_name String Size 4
attribute size_4 units String count
variable size_5 byte
attribute size_5 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_5 actual_range byte 0, 44
attribute size_5 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_5 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (5 cm total body length)
attribute size_5 long_name String Size 5
attribute size_5 units String count
variable size_6 byte
attribute size_6 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_6 actual_range byte 0, 81
attribute size_6 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_6 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (6 cm total body length)
attribute size_6 long_name String Size 6
attribute size_6 units String count
variable size_15 byte
attribute size_15 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_15 actual_range byte 0, 75
attribute size_15 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_15 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (15 cm total body length)
attribute size_15 long_name String Size 15
attribute size_15 units String count
variable size_20 byte
attribute size_20 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_20 actual_range byte 0, 50
attribute size_20 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_20 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (20 cm total body length)
attribute size_20 long_name String Size 20
attribute size_20 units String count
variable size_25 byte
attribute size_25 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_25 actual_range byte 0, 20
attribute size_25 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_25 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (25 cm total body length)
attribute size_25 long_name String Size 25
attribute size_25 units String count
variable size_30 byte
attribute size_30 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_30 actual_range byte 0, 6
attribute size_30 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_30 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (30 cm total body length)
attribute size_30 long_name String Size 30
attribute size_30 units String count
variable size_35 byte
attribute size_35 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_35 actual_range byte 0, 4
attribute size_35 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_35 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (35 cm total body length)
attribute size_35 long_name String Size 35
attribute size_35 units String count
variable size_40 byte
attribute size_40 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_40 actual_range byte 0, 2
attribute size_40 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_40 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (40 cm total body length)
attribute size_40 long_name String Size 40
attribute size_40 units String count
variable size_45 byte
attribute size_45 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_45 actual_range byte 0, 2
attribute size_45 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_45 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (45 cm total body length)
attribute size_45 long_name String Size 45
attribute size_45 units String count
variable size_50 byte
attribute size_50 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_50 actual_range byte 0, 1
attribute size_50 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_50 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (50 cm total body length)
attribute size_50 long_name String Size 50
attribute size_50 units String count
variable size_100 byte
attribute size_100 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_100 actual_range byte 0, 1
attribute size_100 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_100 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (100 cm total body length)
attribute size_100 long_name String Size 100
attribute size_100 units String count
variable size_150 byte
attribute size_150 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_150 actual_range byte 0, 0
attribute size_150 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_150 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (150 cm total body length)
attribute size_150 long_name String Size 150
attribute size_150 units String count
variable size_200 byte
attribute size_200 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_200 actual_range byte 0, 0
attribute size_200 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_200 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (200 cm total body length)
attribute size_200 long_name String Size 200
attribute size_200 units String count
variable size_250 byte
attribute size_250 _FillValue byte 127
attribute size_250 actual_range byte 0, 0
attribute size_250 bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute size_250 description String Number of individuals counted of each size (250 cm total body length)
attribute size_250 long_name String Size 250
attribute size_250 units String count

 
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