BCO-DMO ERDDAP
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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String Coral core extraction\n \nCores were extracted by SCUBA divers using a pneumatic core drill [1] in 2009\nor a hydraulic drill (Chicago Pneumatic COR 5 in 2012 or CS Unitec model 2\n1335 0010, 3.8 HP) in 2015, both equipped with a 5 cm diameter diamond-tipped\ncore bit [1] Backreef S. siderea cores collected in 2015 were collected using\na pneumatic drill with a 2.5 cm diameter diamond-tipped core bit due to\npermitting restrictions. All cores were extracted from colonies that appeared\nhealthy (i.e., no bleaching, abnormalities, scarring, or disease) near the\ncenter of each colony. Cores were extracted parallel to the growth axis of\neach colony and spanned the entire height of the colony, with the exception of\nthe backreef S. siderea cores collected in 2015 that ranged from 10-50\ncm\\u2014spanning only the upper portion of the colony. Overall, core lengths\nranged from 10 cm to > 1 m. After extracting each core, a concrete plug was\ninserted into the drilled hole and sealed with Z-spar underwater epoxy to\nprevent bioerosion. Epoxy was only placed on the skeleton and the concrete to\navoid damage to the living tissue surrounding the hole. Cores were rinsed in\nethanol, stored in PVC tubes for transport, and transported to the University\nof North Carolina at Chapel Hill for analysis. Collection permits were\nobtained from the Belize Fisheries Department and all cores were collected and\ntransported pursuant to local, federal, and international regulations.\n \nCoral CT Procedures\n \nCoral cores collected in 2009 and 2012 were CT-scanned on a Siemens Somatom\nDefinition AS (120 kV, 300 mAs, 0.6 mm slice thickness) [2-4] at Wake\nRadiology Chapel Hill in 2013 using methods modified from Carilli et al. [3]\nand De\\u2019ath et al. [5]. Briefly, whole (i.e., unslabbed) cores were CT\nscanned with the growth axis oriented perpendicular to the length of the CT\ntable. The resulting CT scans were uploaded to the DICOM viewing program\nOsirix for further analysis following methods modified from Carilli et al.\n[3]. Transects were drawn parallel to the core growth axis using the\n\\u201clength\\u201d tool in Osirix. and within the exothecal space between\ncorallite walls in order to standardize density measurements between transects\nand cores. Transects were performed in triplicate for each length of the core\nin order to establish an average, exported to XML, and read into the program\nRUNNINGCORALGUI, which identified the local density extrema (in Hounsfield\nunits) of the data in each XML file. The locations of these local extrema were\nthen quantified via pixel counting, with halfway points between local extrema\ndefining the boundaries of low and high-density bands. The number of pixels\nbetween these halfway points and the average density in Hounsfield units was\nquantified for the set of pixels between the halfway points. The linear\nextension of each seasonal light and dark band was then quantified from the\ntotal length of the line tool data in pixels, which was then converted to cm.\n \nCoral cores from 2015 were CT scanned on a Siemens Biograph mCT (120 kV, 250\nmAs, 0.6 mm slice thickness) at UNC Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC).\nCT images were reconstructed at 0.1 mm increments using the H70h \\u201cvery\nsharp spine\\u201d window. All images were exported from the scanner as DICOM\nfiles, which were then read into the medical image viewer Horos v2.0.2 (open-\nsource version of Osirix). Semiannual density bands were visualized using a\n10-mm thick \\u201cMean\\u201d projection oriented through the center of the\ncore. In place of RUNNINGCORALGUI, all boundaries between high- and low-\ndensity bands were delineated manually and three sets of linear transects were\ndrawn down the length of the cores using the ROI tool in Horos. Each set of\ntransects was drawn within the exothecal space between corallite walls in\norder to standardize density measurements between cores and avoid abnormal\ndensity spikes in areas where the transect crossed a high-density corallite\nwall. By-pixel density measurements were then extracted from linear transects\nand average density was calculated for each semiannual density band. Linear\nextension (cm) was measured in Horos as the width of each density band, and\ncalcification (g/cm2) was calculated as the product of average density and\nlinear extension.\n \nCoral core density standardization\n \nNine coral standards were used for density calibration. These standards were\npieces of various coral species from the Caribbean that had the same width as\nthe coral cores. Volume and mass of these standards were calculated with\ncalipers and a Mettler Toledo XPE205 analytical balance. Real-world density\nfor each standard was calculated as mass (determined by Mettler Toledo XPE205\nanalytical balance) divided by volume. The nine internal density standards\nwere scanned along with the cores at least once per scanning session (3-4\nscans were completed during each 1-2 hour scanning session). A standard curve\nwas developed for each scanning session that related Houndsfield density\n(measured from CT scan) to actual coral density (g/cm3), similar to DeCarlo et\nal. [6].\n \n1\\. Castillo et al (2011)  \n 2. Saenger et al (2009)  \n 3. Carilli et al (2012)  \n 4. Cantin et al (2010)  \n 5. De'ath G. et al (2009)  \n 6. DeCarlo et al (2015)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 635862
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-1459522
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1459522 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String Michael E. Sieracki
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 50446
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String Belize core data, 2009, 2012, 2015 \n     raw extension, density, and calcification data \n   PI's: K. Castillo, J. Baumann \n   version: 2018-04-16
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2018-04-26T14:14:18Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2019-12-12T16:11:48Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.734491.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Easternmost_Easting double -87.557139
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_max double 18.000056
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_min double 16.0917
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degrees_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_max double -87.557139
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_min double -88.62881
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degrees_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/734491 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_acronym String Drill Core
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description String A pneumatic core drill or a hydraulic drill (Chicago Pneumatic COR 5 or CS Unitec model 2 1335 0010, 3.8 HP) with a 5 cm diameter diamond tipped core bit. Back reef S. siderea cores collected in 2015 were collected using a pneumatic drill with a 2.5 cm diameter diamond tipped core bit.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid String 734501
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_description String A core drill is a drill specifically designed to remove a cylinder of material, much like a hole saw. The material left inside the drill bit is referred to as the core.\n\nCore drills are used frequently in mineral exploration where the coring may be several hundred to several thousand feet in length. The core samples are recovered and examined by geologists for mineral percentages and stratigraphic contact points. This gives exploration companies the information necessary to begin or abandon mining operations in a particular area.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_name String Drill Core
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_nid String 644572
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_supplied_name String core drill
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_acronym String CT Scanner
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_dataset_instrument_description String Used to collect coral slice densities measurements.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid String 734500
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_description String A CT scan makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual \"slices\") of specific areas of a scanned object.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_instrument_name String Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_instrument_nid String 707113
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_supplied_name String Siemens Biograph mCT (120 kV, 250 mAs, 0.6 mm slice thickness) at UNC Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC)
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String bco, bco-dmo, biological, calc, calc_SE, calcification, calcification_g_cm2, chemical, cm2, cm3, code, collected, core, core_diameter, core_ID, data, dataset, density, density_g_cm3, density_SE, diameter, dmo, erddap, extension, extension_cm, extension_SE, growth, latitude, longitude, management, oceanography, office, preliminary, reef, reef_zone, site, species, species_code, transect, type, year, year_collected, year_growth, zone
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/734491/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/734491 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Northernmost_Northing double 18.000056
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'734491': {'lat': 'flag - latitude', 'long': 'flag - longitude'}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/734491/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation_acronym String UNC-Chapel Hill
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Karl D. Castillo
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 51711
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String UNC-Chapel Hill
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Justin Baumann
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 733684
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String Student
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation String University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation_acronym String UNC-Chapel Hill
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_name String Justin Baumann
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_nid String 733684
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role String Contact
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_name String Nancy Copley
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_nid String 50396
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String Thermal History and Coral Growth
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String Thermal History and Coral Growth
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String Description from NSF award abstract:\nRising global ocean surface temperatures have reduced coral growth rates, thereby negatively impacting the health of coral reef ecosystems worldwide. Recent studies on tropical reef building corals reveal that corals' growth in response to ocean warming may be influenced by their previous seawater temperature exposure - their thermal history. Although these recent findings highlight significant variability in coral growth in response to climate change, uncertainty remains as to the spatial scale at which corals' thermal history influences how they have responded to ocean warming and how they will likely respond to predicted future increases in ocean temperature. This study investigates the influence of thermal history on coral growth in response to recent and predicted seawater temperatures increases across four ecologically relevant spatial scales ranging from reef ecosystems, to reef communities, to reef populations, to an individual coral colony. By understanding how corals have responded in the past across a range of ecological scales, the Principal Investigator will be able to improve the ability to predict their susceptibility and resilience, which could then be applied to coral reef conservation in the face of climate change. This research project will broaden the participation of undergraduates from underrepresented groups and educate public radio listeners using minority voices and narratives. The scientist will leverage current and new partnerships to recruit and train minority undergraduates, thus allowing them to engage high school students near field sites in Florida, Belize, and Panama. Through peer advising, undergraduates will document this research on a digital news site for dissemination to the public. The voice of the undergraduates and scientist will ground the production of a public radio feature exploring the topic of acclimatization and resilience - a capacity for stress tolerance within coral reef ecosystems. This project will provide a postdoctoral researcher and several graduate students with opportunities for field and laboratory research training, teaching and mentoring, and professional development. The results will allow policy makers from Florida, the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System countries, and several Central American countries to benefit from Caribbean-scale inferences that incorporate corals' physiological abilities, thereby improving coral reef management for the region.\nCoral reefs are at significant risk due to a variety of local and global scale anthropogenic stressors. Although various stressors contribute to the observed decline in coral reef health, recent studies highlight rising seawater temperatures due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration as one of the most significant stressors influencing coral growth rates. However, there is increasing recognition of problems of scale since a coral's growth response to an environmental stressor may be conditional on the scale of description. This research will investigate the following research questions: (1) How has seawater temperature on reef ecosystems (Florida Keys Reef Tract, USA; Belize Barrier Reef System, Belize; and Bocas Del Toro Reef Complex, Panama), reef communities (inshore and offshore reefs), reef populations (individual reefs), and near reef colonies (individual colonies), varied in the past? (2) How has seawater temperature influenced rates of coral growth and how does the seawater temperature-coral growth relationship vary across these four ecological spatial scales? (3) Does the seawater temperature-coral growth relationship forecast rates of coral growth under predicted end-of-century ocean warming at the four ecological spatial scales? Long term sea surface temperature records and small-scale high-resolution in situ seawater temperature measurements will be compared with growth chronologies for the reef building corals Siderastrea siderea and Orbicella faveolata, two keystone species ubiquitously distributed throughout the Caribbean Sea. Nutrients and irradiance will be quantified via satellite-derived observations, in situ measurements, and established colorimetric protocols. Field and laboratory experiments will be combined to examine seawater temperature-coral growth relationships under recent and predicted end-of-century ocean warming at four ecologically relevant spatial scales. The findings of this study will help us bridge the temperature-coral growth response gap across ecologically relevant spatial scales and thus improve our understanding of how corals have responded to recent warming. This will lead to more meaningful predictions about future coral growth response to climate change.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2018-02
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String Western Caribbean
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String Investigating the influence of thermal history on coral growth response to recent and predicted end-of-century ocean warming across a cascade of ecological scales
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 635863
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_website String http://www.unc.edu/~kdcastil/research.html (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2015-03
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Southernmost_Northing double 16.0917
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String This dataset contains raw extension, density, and calcification data from corals sampled by the Castillo lab in Belize in 2009, 2012, and 2015.
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String [Belize core data] - Raw coral extension, density, and calcification data from Castillo lab research in Belize, 2009, 2012, and 2015 (Investigating the influence of thermal history on coral growth response to recent and predicted end-of-century ocean warming across a cascade of ecological scales)
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Westernmost_Easting double -88.62881
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable species String
attribute species bcodmo_name String taxon_code
attribute species description String Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) coral codes
attribute species long_name String Species
attribute species units String unitless
variable species_code String
attribute species_code bcodmo_name String taxon_code
attribute species_code description String code for taxonomic genus and species name.
attribute species_code long_name String Species Code
attribute species_code units String unitless
variable core_ID String
attribute core_ID bcodmo_name String core_id
attribute core_ID description String core sample identifier
attribute core_ID long_name String Core ID
attribute core_ID units String unitless
variable site String
attribute site bcodmo_name String site
attribute site description String site idenifier: nearby city name and reef zone
attribute site long_name String Site
attribute site units String unitless
variable type String
attribute type bcodmo_name String treatment
attribute type description String thermal regime code: 1=lowTP; 2=modTP; 3=highTP. These 3 categories are based on low; moderate; and high temperature parameters (see Baumann et al 2016 for details)
attribute type long_name String Type
attribute type units String unitless
variable reef_zone String
attribute reef_zone bcodmo_name String site_descrip
attribute reef_zone description String reef zone: ABR=atoll back reef ; AFR=atoll fore reef ; BR=back reef ; FR=fore reef ; NS=near shore
attribute reef_zone long_name String Reef Zone
attribute reef_zone units String unitless
variable transect String
attribute transect bcodmo_name String transect
attribute transect description String transect identifier
attribute transect long_name String Transect
attribute transect units String unitless
variable core_diameter byte
attribute core_diameter _FillValue byte 127
attribute core_diameter actual_range byte 1, 2
attribute core_diameter bcodmo_name String diameter
attribute core_diameter description String diameter of core sample
attribute core_diameter long_name String Core Diameter
attribute core_diameter units String centimeters
variable latitude double
attribute latitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lat
attribute latitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute latitude actual_range double 16.0917, 18.000056
attribute latitude axis String Y
attribute latitude bcodmo_name String latitude
attribute latitude colorBarMaximum double 90.0
attribute latitude colorBarMinimum double -90.0
attribute latitude description String latitude; north is positive
attribute latitude ioos_category String Location
attribute latitude long_name String Latitude
attribute latitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/ (external link)
attribute latitude standard_name String latitude
attribute latitude units String degrees_north
variable longitude double
attribute longitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lon
attribute longitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute longitude actual_range double -88.62881, -87.557139
attribute longitude axis String X
attribute longitude bcodmo_name String longitude
attribute longitude colorBarMaximum double 180.0
attribute longitude colorBarMinimum double -180.0
attribute longitude description String longitude; east is positive
attribute longitude ioos_category String Location
attribute longitude long_name String Longitude
attribute longitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/ (external link)
attribute longitude source_name String long
attribute longitude standard_name String longitude
attribute longitude units String degrees_east
variable year_collected short
attribute year_collected _FillValue short 32767
attribute year_collected actual_range short 2009, 2015
attribute year_collected bcodmo_name String year
attribute year_collected description String year sample was collected
attribute year_collected long_name String Year Collected
attribute year_collected nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/YEARXXXX/ (external link)
attribute year_collected units String unitless
variable year_growth short
attribute year_growth _FillValue short 32767
attribute year_growth actual_range short 1814, 2014
attribute year_growth bcodmo_name String year
attribute year_growth description String the year of growth referred to using CT images to line up banding patterns with years of growthyear of ?
attribute year_growth long_name String Year Growth
attribute year_growth nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/YEARXXXX/ (external link)
attribute year_growth units String unitless
variable density_g_cm3 float
attribute density_g_cm3 _FillValue float NaN
attribute density_g_cm3 actual_range float 0.465814, 1.949521
attribute density_g_cm3 bcodmo_name String density
attribute density_g_cm3 description String density of coral core sample; available for 2015 samples only
attribute density_g_cm3 long_name String Density G Cm3
attribute density_g_cm3 units String grams/centimeter^3
variable density_SE float
attribute density_SE _FillValue float NaN
attribute density_SE actual_range float 0.00117, 0.403748
attribute density_SE bcodmo_name String density
attribute density_SE description String standard error of coral density
attribute density_SE long_name String Density SE
attribute density_SE units String grams/centimeter^3
variable extension_cm float
attribute extension_cm _FillValue float NaN
attribute extension_cm actual_range float 0.087167, 1.728411
attribute extension_cm bcodmo_name String growth
attribute extension_cm description String linear extension of each seasonal light and dark band pair in coral core
attribute extension_cm long_name String Extension Cm
attribute extension_cm units String centimeters
variable extension_SE float
attribute extension_SE _FillValue float NaN
attribute extension_SE actual_range float 0.0, 0.467217
attribute extension_SE bcodmo_name String growth
attribute extension_SE description String standard error of extension values
attribute extension_SE long_name String Extension SE
attribute extension_SE units String centimeters
variable calcification_g_cm2 float
attribute calcification_g_cm2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute calcification_g_cm2 actual_range float 0.134786, 1.896251
attribute calcification_g_cm2 bcodmo_name String calcification
attribute calcification_g_cm2 description String calcification of coral core sample; available for 2015 samples only
attribute calcification_g_cm2 long_name String Calcification G Cm2
attribute calcification_g_cm2 units String grams/centimeter^2
variable calc_SE float
attribute calc_SE _FillValue float NaN
attribute calc_SE actual_range float 6.26E-4, 0.340249
attribute calc_SE bcodmo_name String calcification
attribute calc_SE description String standard error of calcification
attribute calc_SE long_name String Calc SE
attribute calc_SE units String grams/centimeter^2

 
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