BCO-DMO ERDDAP
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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String Methods (extracted from original Readme file\n\\\"[Readme_Hammeetal2019.txt](\\\\\"http://datadocs.bco-\ndmo.org/docs/hamme/global_noble_gases/data_docs/743867/1/Readme_Hammeetal2019.txt\\\\\")\\\"):\n \nUniversity of Victoria \\- Water samples were collected through CO2-flushed\ntubing into evacuated flasks until half-full. The water was equilibrated with\nthe headspace and then removed. Noble gas samples were determined following a\nmethod similar to that described in (Hamme, R.C., and J.P. Severinghaus 2007)\nbut with a helium rather than nitrogen balance gas. Gas samples were purified\nthrough a -90\\u00b0C trap to remove water vapor and exposed to a hot getter to\nremove all but the noble gases. A calibrated aliquot of 38Ar was added along\nwith compressed helium to bring the pressure back up. Samples were then\nmeasured for Ar isotopes and Ne/Ar and Kr/Ar ratios on a MAT 253 isotope ratio\nmass spectrometer. Absolute Ar concentrations were determined by Ar isotope\ndilution with the added 38Ar, while the ratio measurements were combined with\nthe absolute Ar concentrations to yield Ne and Kr concentrations. Noble gas\nstandards were calibrated relative to air with assumed dry mole fractions of\n1.818e-5 for Ne, 9.34e-3 for Ar, and 1.141e-6 for Kr. N2/Ar measurements were\ndetermined following the method described in (Emerson et al. 1999). Gas\nsamples were purified though a trap in liquid nitrogen to remove water vapor\nand carbon dioxide. Samples were then measured for N2/Ar ratios on a MAT 253\nmass spectrometer. N2/Ar standard gases were calibrated relative to air with\nassumed dry mole fractions of 9.34e-3 for Ar and 0.78084 for N2.\n \nWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution \\- Noble gas samples analyzed at Woods\nHole Oceanographic Institution were determined following variants of the\nmethod described in (Stanley R.H.R., B. Baschek, D.E. Lott, and W.J. Jenkins\n2009). Water samples were collected into stainless steel containers for\ncruises in 2008 and prior (Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study cruises and\nCLIVAR I6S) or into crimped copper tubes for cruises occurring in 2009 and\nlater. All the dissolved gas was extracted from the water and then purified\nthrough a cryotrap to remove water vapor and exposed to a hot getter to remove\nall the the noble gases. The noble gases were then frozen into two cryotraps,\nallowing each noble gas to be sequentially released for analysis in a\nquadrupole mass spectrometer. Noble gas concentrations were determined by peak\nheight manometry for all gases and samples, except the most recent Kr and Xe\ndata measured from the eastern tropical Pacific, which use a new isotope\ndilution method. Noble gas standards were calibrated relative to air with\nassumed dry mole fractions of 5.24e-6 for He, 1.818e-5 for Ne, 9.34e-3 for Ar,\n1.141e-6 for Kr, and 8.7e-8 for Xe.\n \nScripps Institution of Oceanography \\- Water samples were collected through\nCO2-flushed tubing into evacuated flasks until half-full. The water was\nequilibrated with the headspace and then removed. Noble gas samples were\ndetermined following the method described in (Hamme, R.C., and J.P.\nSeveringhaus 2007). Gas samples were purified through a -90\\u00b0C trap to\nremove water vapor and exposed to a hot getter to remove all but the noble\ngases. A calibrated aliquot of 38Ar was added along with compressed nitrogen\nto bring the pressure back up. Samples were then measured for Ar isotopes and\nKr/Ar ratios on a MAT 252 isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Absolute Ar\nconcentrations were determined by Ar isotope dilution with the added 38Ar,\nwhile the ratio measurements were combined with the absolute Ar concentrations\nto yield Kr concentrations. Noble gas standards were calibrated relative to\nair with assumed dry mole fractions of 9.34e-3 for Ar, and 1.141e-6 for Kr.\nN2/Ar measurements were determined following the method described in (Kobashi,\nT., J.P. Severinghaus, and K. Kawamura 2008). Gas samples were purified though\na trap in liquid nitrogen to remove water vapor and carbon dioxide and then\nthrough heated copper to remove oxygen. Samples were then measured for N2/Ar\nratios on a MAT 252 mass spectrometer. N2/Ar standard gases were calibrated\nrelative to air with assumed dry mole fractions of 9.34e-3 for Ar and 0.78084\nfor N2.\n \nUniversity of Washington \\- Water samples were collected through CO2-flushed\ntubing into evacuated flasks until half-full. The water was equilibrated with\nthe headspace and then removed. Neon samples were determined following the\nmethod described in (Hamme, R.C., and S.R. Emerson 2004). A calibrated aliquot\nof 22Ne was added to the sample flasks before sampling. Gas samples were\npurified though a trap in liquid nitrogen to remove water vapor and carbon\ndioxide and then through an activated charcoal trap in liquid nitrogen to\nremove argon and heavier gases. Samples were then measured for Ne isotopes on\na quadrupole mass spectrometer. Absolute Ne concentrations were determined by\nNe isotope dilution with the added 22Ne. The spike aliquot was calibrated\nrelative to air with assumed dry mole fractions of 1.818e-5 for Ne. Ar\nconcentration and N2/Ar ratios were determined by two different methods.\nSamples collected in 2001 and earlier were determined following the method\ndescribed in (Emerson et al. 1999). Gas samples were purified though a trap in\nliquid nitrogen to remove water vapor and carbon dioxide. Samples were then\nmeasured for N2/Ar and O2/Ar ratios on a MAT 251 mass spectrometer. For the\nsamples collected near Bermuda in 2001, the O2/Ar ratio measurements were\ncombined with absolute O2 concentrations determined by Winkler titration to\nyield Ar concentrations. More recent Ar concentration and N2/Ar ratio\nmeasurements were determined following the method described in (Emerson, S.,\nT. Ito, and R.C. Hamme 2012). Gas samples were purified though a trap in\nliquid nitrogen to remove water vapor and carbon dioxide and then a calibrated\naliquot of 36Ar was added. Samples were then measured for Ar isotopes and\nN2/Ar ratios on a Delta X/L isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Absolute Ar\nconcentrations were determined by Ar isotope dilution with the added 36Ar. Ar\nand N2/Ar gas standards were calibrated relative to air with assumed dry mole\nfractions of 9.34e-3 for Ar and 0.78084 for N2. Through rigorous method inter-\ncomparison and repeated laboratory comparison of oxygen concentration\ndetermined by isotope dilution and Winkler titration, Ar concentration samples\nanalyzed by this 36Ar isotope dilution method have been found to be 0.7% too\nlow. Accordingly, the Ar concentration and Ar saturation anomaly data from\nthis method have all be increased by 0.7% in this database. Kr/Ar samples were\ndetermined following a method similar to that described in (Hamme, R.C., and\nJ.P. Severinghaus 2007). Gas samples were purified through a -90\\u00b0C trap\nto remove water vapor and exposed to a hot getter to remove all but the noble\ngases. Compressed nitrogen was added to bring the pressure back up. Samples\nwere then measured for Kr/Ar ratios on a MAT 253 isotope ratio mass\nspectrometer. Noble gas standards were calibrated relative to air with assumed\ndry mole fractions of 9.34e-3 for Ar, and 1.141e-6 for Kr.\n \nQuality control \\- Samples measured at University of Victoria, Scripps\nInstitution of Oceanography, and University of Washington were nearly all\ncollected in duplicate. For these samples in this database, only data where\nboth duplicates were analyzed successfully and where their standard deviation\nwas less than three times the pooled standard deviation are included. Noble\ngas duplicates were required to be within 0.93% of each other for Ne, within\n0.28% for Ar, and within 0.35% for Kr. Similarly N2/Ar duplicates were\nrequired to be within 0.17% of each other. Both duplicates are present in the\ndatabase. The exception to this is the N2/Ar data collected in 2007 in the\nLabrador Sea and analyzed at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. These\nsamples were not collected in duplicate but are present in the database. For\nsamples collected at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study and in the\nSouthern Ocean that were analyzed at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, we\nbinned the data by depth for each cruise and removed samples that were outside\nthree times the standard deviation of samples within each depth bin. For the\n2010-2011 Atlantic GEOTRACES transect samples that were analyzed at Woods Hole\nOceanographic Institution, we simply removed data where the Ne saturation\nanomaly was less than -10% or larger than 5%. For the 2013 Pacific GEOTRACES\ntransect samples that were analyzed at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,\nwe removed Xe measurements analyzed by peak height manometry, retaining only\nthose analyzed by isotope dilution.\n \nNaN = missing data.
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 54684
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-0623034
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0623034 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String Donald L. Rice
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 51467
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_10_award_nid String 743870
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_10_award_number String OCE-9819181
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_10_data_url String https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9819181 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_10_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_10_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_10_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_10_program_manager String Donald L. Rice
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_10_program_manager_nid String 51467
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_11_award_nid String 743872
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_11_award_number String OCE-9906922
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_11_data_url String https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9906922 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_11_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_11_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_11_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_11_program_manager String Donald L. Rice
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_11_program_manager_nid String 51467
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_12_award_nid String 743874
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_12_award_number String OCE-0221247
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_12_data_url String https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0221247 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_12_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_12_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_12_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_12_program_manager String Donald L. Rice
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_12_program_manager_nid String 51467
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_13_award_nid String 743875
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_13_award_number String OCE-0242139
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_13_data_url String https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0242139 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_13_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_13_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_13_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_13_program_manager String Donald L. Rice
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_13_program_manager_nid String 51467
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_14_award_nid String 743877
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_14_award_number String OCE-0647979
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_14_data_url String https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0647979 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_14_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_14_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_14_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_14_program_manager String Donald L. Rice
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_14_program_manager_nid String 51467
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_15_award_nid String 743878
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_15_award_number String OCE-0825394
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_15_data_url String https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0825394 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_15_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_15_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_15_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_15_program_manager String Eric C. Itsweire
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_15_program_manager_nid String 50415
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_award_nid String 55126
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_award_number String OCE-0926659
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0926659 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_program_manager String Donald L. Rice
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_program_manager_nid String 51467
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_award_nid String 55213
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_award_number String 328290-2006
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_data_url String http://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=332959 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_funder_name String National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_funding_acronym String NSERC
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_2_funding_source_nid String 398
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_3_award_nid String 502594
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_3_award_number String OCE-1130870
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_3_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1130870&HistoricalAwards=false (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_3_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_3_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_3_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_3_program_manager String Henrietta N Edmonds
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_3_program_manager_nid String 51517
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_4_award_nid String 663603
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_4_award_number String OCE-1232991
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_4_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1232991 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_4_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_4_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_4_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_4_program_manager String Henrietta N Edmonds
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_4_program_manager_nid String 51517
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_5_award_nid String 719784
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_5_award_number String OCE-1029299
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_5_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1029299 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_5_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_5_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_5_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_5_program_manager String Donald L. Rice
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_5_program_manager_nid String 51467
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_6_award_nid String 719806
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_6_award_number String 329290-2012
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_6_data_url String http://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=507834 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_6_funder_name String National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_6_funding_acronym String NSERC
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_6_funding_source_nid String 398
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_7_award_nid String 719807
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_7_award_number String 433848-2012
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_7_data_url String http://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=512032 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_7_funder_name String National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_7_funding_acronym String NSERC
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_7_funding_source_nid String 398
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_8_award_nid String 719809
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_8_award_number String 433898-2012
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_8_data_url String http://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=512038 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_8_funder_name String National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_8_funding_acronym String NSERC
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_8_funding_source_nid String 398
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_9_award_nid String 743868
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_9_award_number String OCE-9617487
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_9_data_url String https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9617487 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_9_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_9_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_9_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_9_program_manager String Donald L. Rice
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_9_program_manager_nid String 51467
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String Global Noble Gases \n  PI: Roberta C. Hamme  \n  Co-PIs: Steven R. Emerson, William J. Jenkins, David P. Nicholson \n  Version: 1.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2018-08-21T16:27:05Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2019-01-08T20:47:42Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.744563
attribute NC_GLOBAL Easternmost_Easting double 178.9985
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_max double 78.9988
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_min double -68.1081
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degrees_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_max double 178.9985
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_min double -159.9952
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degrees_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_max double 5840.5
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_min double 0.8
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_positive String down
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_units String m
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/743867 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_acronym String IR Mass Spec
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid String 744097
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_description String The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer).
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_name String Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_nid String 469
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_supplied_name String MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_acronym String IR Mass Spec
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid String 744099
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_description String The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer).
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_instrument_external_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_instrument_name String Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_instrument_nid String 469
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_supplied_name String MAT 252 isotope ratio mass spectrometer
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_acronym String IR Mass Spec
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_dataset_instrument_nid String 744100
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_description String The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer).
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_instrument_external_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_instrument_name String Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_instrument_nid String 469
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_supplied_name String MAT 251 mass spectrometer
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_3_acronym String IR Mass Spec
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_3_dataset_instrument_nid String 744101
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_3_description String The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer).
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_3_instrument_external_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_3_instrument_name String Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_3_instrument_nid String 469
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_3_supplied_name String Delta X/L isotope ratio mass spectrometer
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_4_acronym String Mass Spec
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_4_dataset_instrument_nid String 744098
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_4_description String General term for instruments used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions; generally used to find the composition of a sample by generating a mass spectrum representing the masses of sample components.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_4_instrument_external_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_4_instrument_name String Mass Spectrometer
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_4_instrument_nid String 685
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_4_supplied_name String quadrupole mass spectrometer
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String analysis, analysis_lab, ar2, Ar_conc, Ar_conc2, Ar_conc_secondary, Ar_conc_secondary2, arsat, arsat2, Arsat_secondary, Arsat_secondary2, bco, bco-dmo, biological, cast, chemical, conc, conc2, cruise, cruise_name, ctdsal, ctdtemp, data, dataset, day, density, depth, dmo, earth, Earth Science > Oceans > Salinity/Density > Density, erddap, event, He_conc, He_conc2, hesat, hesat2, Kr_Ar, Kr_Ar2, Kr_Arsat, Kr_Arsat2, Kr_conc, Kr_conc2, krsat, krsat2, lab, latitude, longitude, management, month, N2_Ar, N2_Ar2, N2_Ar_secondary, N2_Ar_secondary2, N2_Arsat, N2_Arsat2, N2Arsat_secondary, N2Arsat_secondary2, name, Ne_Ar, Ne_Ar2, Ne_Arsat, Ne_Arsat2, Ne_conc, Ne_conc2, nesat, nesat2, niskin, ocean, oceanography, oceans, office, potential, potential_temp, preliminary, press, salinity, science, sea, sea_water_sigma_theta, seawater, secondary, secondary2, secondary_analysis_lab, sequence, sigma, sigma_theta, station, temperature, theta, water, Xe_conc, Xe_conc2, xesat, xesat2, year
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords_vocabulary String GCMD Science Keywords
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/743867/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/743867 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Northernmost_Northing double 78.9988
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'743867': {'latitude': 'flag - latitude', 'depth': 'master - depth', 'longitude': 'flag - longitude'}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/743867/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String University of Victoria
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation_acronym String UVic
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Roberta C. Hamme
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 51066
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String University of Washington
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String UW
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Steven R. Emerson
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 50698
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation_acronym String WHOI
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_name String William J. Jenkins
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_nid String 50745
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation String University of Washington
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation_acronym String UW
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_name String David P. Nicholson
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_nid String 664588
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_affiliation String University of Victoria
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_affiliation_acronym String UVic
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_person_name String Roberta C. Hamme
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_person_nid String 51066
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_role String Contact
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_person_name String Shannon Rauch
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_person_nid String 51498
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String CarboMODE,U.S. GEOTRACES EPZT,EPZT Noble Gases He Tritium,N2:Ar Deep Tracer,Weddell Sea Tracers,Measuring Diapycnal Mixing,NAT He and Tritium,Tracers of Bio Prod and Gas Exchange,OP3,C Pump in Subtropical N Pacific,Net Bio O2 Prod JGOFS,Gas Tracers O2 Prod Subtropical Pacific
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String CarboMODE
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String from the NSF proposal abstract\nThe formation of mode waters, like Eighteen Degree Water (EDW) in the North Atlantic Ocean, is important for driving ocean circulation, ventilating and transferring biogeochemical properties to the ocean interior. Recent studies suggest that EDW plays an important role in setting the nutrient reservoir of the subtropical gyre [Jenkins and Doney, 2003; Doney and Jenkins, 2004; Palter et al., 2005], with significant implications for nutrient and carbon dynamics, and productivity in the subtropical gyre of the North Atlantic. In addition, EDW has a potentially important role in the ocean uptake and decadal variability of atmospheric CO2 [Bates et al., 2002].\nIn this study, researchers at the Bermuda Biological Station for Research (BBSR) and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) hope to achieve a better quantitative and mechanistic understanding of the CO2 dynamics in EDW. The work leverages the 2006-2007 field program and improved understanding about the physics of EDW that an NSF sponsored field project, CLImate MOde water Dynamics Experiment (CLIMODE) will gain. The main question posed in CarboMODE is \"What is the oceanic uptake and fate of CO2 in EDW in the North Atlantic Ocean?\" From this general question, more specific questions are raised, including: (1) What is the air-sea CO2 flux during wintertime EDW formation? (2) What are the relative contributions from vertical/lateral mixing, advection/stirring, air-sea CO2 gas exchange and biological depletion of CO2 due to net community production during EDW formation that influence the DIC properties of EDW? (3) What is the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) content of EDW upon subduction (injection) into the subtropical gyre and what is the overall flux? (4) How does the formation of EDW impact the subsurface inorganic carbon reservoir and air-sea CO2 fluxes in the subtropical gyre of the North Atlantic Ocean? (5) What is the fate of inorganic carbon in EDW as it advects away from the region of formation and how does subsurface remineralization contribute to the DIC content of EDW?\nIn addressing these questions, the investigators propose will collect inorganic carbon data in 2007 as part of the CLIMODE project. Their contribution to the CLIMODE (and CarboMODE) project will be measurements of DIC, Total Alkalinity (TA) and underway pCO2 (i.e., seawater and air pCO2). Although focused on physics, the observational and modeling program framed by CLIMODE's questions and hypotheses fortuitously provide a timely and unique opportunity to address questions raised about CO2 dynamics (and related issues concerning nutrient and dissolved oxygen dynamics). Synthesis and modeling of several different datasets, including the 2007 CLIMODE field surveys of EDW, CO2 data collected from a 2006 CLIMODE cruise, a 4 day northward extension of the BATS Bermuda-Puerto Rico annual transect, and surface seawater pCO2 (and DIC and alkalinity) data collected twice a week in the region of EDW formation from the Volunteer Observing Ship (VOS) MV Oleander (funded by NOAA COSP), form the nucleus for addressing relevant CarboMODE questions.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2010-03
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String North Atlantic
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String Carbon Dioxide Dynamics in Mode Water of the North Atlantic Ocean
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 2077
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2007-04
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_10_acronym String Net Bio O2 Prod JGOFS
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_10_description String NSF Award Abstract:\nOCE-9819181\nPrimary production in the ocean is important not only for the functioning of the marine ecosystem but also for its pivotal role in regulating sea-air exchange of carbon dioxide, the most important atmospheric greenhouse gas. In this study, the principal investigator will use an indirect method to determine the net annual oxygen production in the northwest Pacific Ocean by measuring eleven profiles of O2, N2, and Ar concentrations in the upper ocean at the Japanese Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) time-series station. The time-series station is located in what is probably the most biologically productive region of the North Pacific, and the oxygen flux estimates are expected to provide the first good estimates of the regional primary production. The PI will be taking advantage of a unique opportunity to participate in Japanese JGOFS cruises in this region between 1998 and 2000.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_10_end_date String 2001-02
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_10_name String Net Biological Oxygen Production at the Japanese JGOFS Time-Series Station
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_10_project_nid String 743958
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_10_start_date String 1999-03
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_11_acronym String Gas Tracers O2 Prod Subtropical Pacific
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_11_description String NSF Award Abstract:\n9617487 Emerson Organic carbon export from the euphotic zone of the ocean regulates the CO2 content of the atmosphere and controls the redox balance in ocean chemistry on millenial time scales. One of the fundamental goals of oceanography is to evaluate the organic carbon flux and determine the controlling mechanisms so that system can be modeled well enough to predict responses to changes in forcing. Recent estimates of carbon export by a variety of methods at the U.S. JGOFS time-series stations indicate that the subtropical oceans are responsible for 25-50 percent of the global ocean new production. Progress in estimating the rate of new carbon export from the euphotic zone in the subtropical north Pacific Ocean now require knowledge of the mechanisms(s) controlling the supply rate of nutrients. Suggestions of diapycnal mixing, horizontal transport of dissolved organic matter, and various biological processes are currently being advanced. The implications of the different mechanisms regarding the coupling of the biological pump and ocean circulation are obvious and hold extremely important consequences for our understanding of the response of the ocean's \"biological pump\" to physical forcing. This study is designed to test the hypothesis that the mechanism supplying nutrients to the euphotic zone in the subtropical north Pacific is diapycnal transport. Focus will be on two main problems: (1) the role of intermittent transport in supplying nutrients necessary to create the shallow oxygen maximum, and (2) the utility of inert gases as tracers of diapycnal transport in the upper ocean. A fully instrumented deep-sea mooring will soon be deployed at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) and can be used to make continuous measurements of oxygen and total gas pressure on the mooring to determine whether formation of the shallow O2 maximum is correlated to short-term intermittent supply of nutrients from below. ***
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_11_end_date String 2000-01
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_11_name String Gas Tracers of Net Biological Oxygen Production in the Subtropical Pacific Ocean
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_11_project_nid String 743962
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_11_start_date String 1997-02
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_acronym String U.S. GEOTRACES EPZT
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_description String From the NSF Award Abstract\nThe mission of the International GEOTRACES Program (www.geotraces.org), of which the U.S. chemical oceanography research community is a founding member, is \"to identify processes and quantify fluxes that control the distributions of key trace elements and isotopes in the ocean, and to establish the sensitivity of these distributions to changing environmental conditions\" (GEOTRACES Science Plan, 2006). In the United States, ocean chemists are currently in the process of organizing a zonal transect in the eastern tropical South Pacific (ETSP) from Peru to Tahiti as the second cruise of the U.S.GEOTRACES Program. This Pacific section includes a large area characterized by high rates of primary production and particle export in the eastern boundary associated with the Peru Upwelling, a large oxygen minimum zone that is a major global sink for fixed nitrogen, and a large hydrothermal plume arising from the East Pacific Rise. This particular section was selected as a result of open planning workshops in 2007 and 2008, with a final recommendation made by the U.S.GEOTRACES Steering Committee in 2009. It is the first part of a two-stage plan that will include a meridional section of the Pacific from Tahiti to Alaska as a subsequent expedition.\nThis award provides funding for management of the U.S.GEOTRACES Pacific campaign to a team of scientists from the University of Southern California, Old Dominion University, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The three co-leaders will provide mission leadership, essential support services, and management structure for acquiring the trace elements and isotopes samples listed as core parameters in the International GEOTRACES Science Plan, plus hydrographic and nutrient data needed by participating investigators. With this support from NSF, the management team will (1) plan and coordinate the 52-day Pacific research cruise described above; (2) obtain representative samples for a wide variety of trace metals of interest using conventional CTD/rosette and GEOTRACES Sampling Systems; (3) acquire conventional JGOFS/WOCE-quality hydrographic data (CTD, transmissometer, fluorometer, oxygen sensor, etc) along with discrete samples for salinity, dissolved oxygen (to 1 uM detection limits), plant pigments, redox tracers such as ammonium and nitrite, and dissolved nutrients at micro- and nanomolar levels; (4) ensure that proper QA/QC protocols are followed and reported, as well as fulfilling all GEOTRACES Intercalibration protocols; (5) prepare and deliver all hydrographic-type data to the GEOTRACES Data Center (and US data centers); and (6) coordinate cruise communications between all participating investigators, including preparation of a hydrographic report/publication.\nBroader Impacts: The project is part of an international collaborative program that has forged strong partnerships in the intercalibration and implementation phases that are unprecedented in chemical oceanography. The science product of these collective missions will enhance our ability to understand how to interpret the chemical composition of the ocean, and interpret how climate change will affect ocean chemistry. Partnerships include contributions to the infrastructure of developing nations with overlapping interests in the study area, in this case Peru. There is a strong educational component to the program, with many Ph.D. students carrying out thesis research within the program.\nFigure 1. The 2013 GEOTRACES EPZT Cruise Track. [click on the image to view a larger version]
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_end_date String 2015-06
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_geolocation String Eastern Tropical Pacific - Transect from Peru to Tahiti
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_name String U.S. GEOTRACES East Pacific Zonal Transect
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_project_nid String 499723
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_project_website String https://www.geotraces.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_1_start_date String 2012-06
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_2_acronym String EPZT Noble Gases He Tritium
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_2_description String The biogeochemical cycling of trace elements and isotopes (TEIs) in the marine environment is an important research area within the context of global change that motivates the International GEOTRACES program. Some trace elements are known to play potentially important roles as micronutrients in biological cycling, particularly in regard to enzymatic and catalytic processes in the marine environment. Radioisotopes, transient tracers, and noble gases are valuable tracers of these and related processes, and of the ocean?s interaction with the atmosphere and the solid earth, which in turn play a role in shaping many trace element distributions within the ocean.\nAccording to the GEOTRACES Science Plan, the guiding mission of the GEOTRACES program is \"to identify processes and quantify fluxes that control the distributions of key trace elements and isotopes in the ocean\". The key observational strategy for GEOTRACES is an internationally-coordinated global-scale ocean survey of key TEIs. The second US GEOTRACES section, set for the Eastern South Pacific in 2013, is aimed at the characterization of key processes in an oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), as well as a major abyssal hydrothermal plume extending westward from the East Pacific Rise.\nTo help achieve these goals, with support from this grant, a research team at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution will collaborate with other GEOTRACES investigators on the Eastern South Pacific expedition to measure a suite of tracers useful for interpreting the rest of the synoptic TEI data. Specifically, the team will make measurements of the noble gases, helium isotopes, tritium, and radiocarbon include in order to: (1) quantify ventilation, circulation, and diapycnal mixing in the OMZ to enable estimation of fluxes and transformation rates of key TEIs; (2) determine upwelling rates in the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) over a range of timescales to constrain the fluxes of biogeochemically important properties; (3) estimate hydrothermal fluxes of key TEIs using 3He as a flux gauge, and also use 3He as a measure of downstream dilution in the hydrothermal plume; (4) use radiocarbon to estimate abyssal remineralization rates for key TEIs; and (5) probe for evidence of off-axis contribution of hydrothermal processes to TEI distribution. The collective effort will allow marine geochemists to understand mechanistically and quantitatively how a variety of physical, chemical, and biological processes join to determine the distribtuion of TEIs in the ocean.\nIt has been argued that anthropogenic influence on the global cycles of many elements is emerging as significant. As outlined in the International GEOTRACES Science Plan, the broader impacts of this activity include both an important \"baseline snapshot\" of the biogeochemical state of the oceanic environment, and a quantitative improvement in the characterization and understanding of important processes in the marine environment. Both of these build a foundation for improved models and quantitative predictions of the oceanic response and role in global change and climate, particularly with anthropogenic forcing. For example, recent evidence of \"ocean deoxygenation\" has profound implications for marine biologic response. In particular, the evolving state of marine OMZs represents an important biogeochemical \"climate canary\". A key benefit of diagnosing trace metal dynamics and response to changing redox conditions is the improvement in prognostic capabilities of coupled ocean-atmosphere biogeochemical models for global change.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_2_end_date String 2016-12
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_2_geolocation String Oxygen minium zone; East Pacific Rise
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_2_name String Measurement of Helium Isotopes, Tritium, Noble Gases, and Radiocarbon
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_2_project_nid String 663604
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_2_start_date String 2013-01
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_3_acronym String N2:Ar Deep Tracer
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_3_description String The role of nitrate in the ocean carbon cycle and its relatively short residence time make it crucial to understand the marine nitrogen cycle; however, there is currently insufficient experimental evidence to accurately determine present day fluxes. Denitrification and nitrogen fixation are the main sink and source for dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the sea.\nIn this study a research team at the University of Washington will collaborate with colleagues at the University of Victoria to study changes in the N2/Ar ratio in seawater caused by denitrification. Previous research has demonstrated the utility of this tracer in the oxygen minimum zones of the Pacific and Indian Ocean, but they will investigate observed changes in the \"background\" distribution of the ratio. The investigators already have unpublished data that indicate the N2/Ar ratio increases by about 0.5 % from the Atlantic to Pacific Oceans in waters below 1000 meters. If this increase is assumed to be caused by denitrification in deep ocean sediments it amounts to roughly 80 Tg/yr of denitrification. This is a significant portion of estimated global denitrification (between 200 and 400 Tg/yr) and within the range of the largely untested predictions of deep-ocean sediment denitrification using global sediment diagenesis models. Presently it is not possible to unequivocally attribute the observed deep water column N2/Ar increase to denitrification because it could also be caused by deep-water formation processes in the Antarctic.\nThe investigators will separate the fraction of the N2/Ar ratio increase due to the physical processes of atmosphere or ice-water interaction from that due to denitrification by measuring other noble gas ratios (primarily Ne/Ar and Kr/Ar) that change only in response to ocean surface cooling and bubble processes. They will measure deep water-column profiles of N2/Ar, Ne/Ar and Kr/Ar in strategically-located sites where there are ships of opportunity: the Labrador Sea, the North Atlantic at the Bermuda time-series site, the Drake Passage, the Indian Ocean south of Madagascar, the subtropical North Pacific at the Hawaii Ocean time-series site, and the subarctic North Pacific at Station P. Preliminary measurements of all of the gas ratios have been made, and extensive testing has been done to identify sources of contamination in the sampling methods. This proposal involves a two-laboratory collaboration to make it possible to sample a large number of ocean sites, minimize atmospheric contamination by rapid sample analysis, and create maximum accuracy through laboratory intercalibration.\nBroader Impacts: This project will promote international ocean science collaboration between the U.S.and Canada. It will support the research of an assistant professor to apply analytical methods that she has helped develop to an important problem in oceanography. A PhD candidate at the University of Washington will be trained in the area of chemical oceanography using analytical methods of gas ratio and isotope ratio mass spectrometry.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_3_end_date String 2013-07
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_3_geolocation String Global oceans
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_3_name String The Marine Dissolved N2/Ar Ratio, A Tracer for Deep Ocean Denitrification?
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_3_project_nid String 719785
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_3_start_date String 2010-08
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_4_acronym String Weddell Sea Tracers
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_4_description String NSF Award Abstract:\nIntellectual Merit: It is commonly accepted that since at least the last glacial maximum, the substantial millennial-timescale changes in global climate have been caused by, or at least associated with abrupt changes in the oceanic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC). There is the lingering suspicion that perhaps the ultimate trigger of the climate transients may lie in the southern hemisphere. Dense waters formed by buoyancy modification on Antarctic shelf regions leave the shelves and sink to comprise the major water mass complex known as Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). AABW, the coldest and densest water to play a role in the MOC, in turn enters all of the major ocean basins and thereby closes the southern end of the MOC loop. The Weddell Sea features prominently in the production of AABW, where interaction between seawater and the floating ice-shelves produces a unique pre-cursor to AABW by a combination of processes, including) strong heat extraction at ice-edge polynyas, sea-ice formation and export, melting of glacial ice at the grounding line, and formation and deposition of sub-marine sea-ice. These processes not only produce oceanographically and climatically significant injections of fresh water into the AABW pre-cursor, but are hypothesized to have significant impact on its dissolved noble gas composition. We propose to use high precision measurements of the latter as a diagnostic tool of the magnitude of these processes.\nThe investigator will participate in a British research cruise ANDREX which is a section connecting the CLIVAR (CLImate VARiability and predictability Program) repeat line I6S with the Antarctic Peninsula in early 2009. The cruise follows the northern rim of the Weddell Sea gyre, and is ideally situated to study the exchange of water masses across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. A combination of noble gases, transient tracers (tritium and radiocarbon) along with CFCs, stable isotopes, 3He, and traditional hydrographic measurements will be used to place constraints on an oceanographically and climatically important region.\nBroader Impacts: This project involves the development and use of novel oceanographic tracers and the application of more traditional tracers in new ways to characterize water mass transformation processes that are of fundamental importance in the operation of the global climate system. The new insights into these processes will provide valuable guidance in the design and construction of the next generation of coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models, which will be of strategic importance in facing the broad range of economic, policy, and societal issues created by climate change. The data set produced in this work will be submitted to the appropriate data centers/repositories to be made available to modelers and climate scientists to guide future research efforts and to evaluate or test existing and future climate models.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_4_end_date String 2013-08
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_4_name String Characterizing the Formation, Nature, and Export of Weddell Sea Bottom Water using Noble Gases and Transient Tracers
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_4_project_nid String 743899
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_4_start_date String 2008-09
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_5_acronym String Measuring Diapycnal Mixing
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_5_description String NSF Award Abstract:\nIn this project, researchers at the University of Washington School of Oceanography will develop a new method of constraining the rate of diapycnal (cross-isopycnal) mixing in the ocean using the natural distributions of dissolved noble gases. They will apply this method to determine the diapycnal mixing rate in the ventilated thermocline of the subtropical oceans where there is long-standing uncertainty about the physical mechanisms supplying nutrients to the euphotic zone. Noble gases are not affected by biology, so their distribution in the ocean is determined purely by physical processes. Because the equilibrium concentrations of these gases are non-linear functions of temperature, mixing between waters equilibrated with the atmosphere at different temperatures induces a supersaturation in the gases. Advances in analytical methodology have recently made it possible to measure this mixing signal, and a theoretical basis for understanding it has also just been developed. The theory indicates that noble gas supersaturation accumulates over the time since the water parcel left the surface and that it is most sensitive to diapycnal mixing in the ventilated thermocline of the ocean. Thus, this tracer records the effect of diapycnal mixing over time scales of decades and compliments purposeful tracer release experiments that last months to a year and whole-ocean analyses of thermocline mixing that represent hundreds of years.\nThe project will combined analytical and theoretical research. The research team will measure the concentrations of Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe in transects through three sections of the world's ventilated thermocline. Two meridional sections through the central North Pacific and eastern South Pacific and a zonal transect across the southern North Atlantic cross contrasting regions where we expect the noble gas tracers to reveal different degrees of supersaturation due to diapycnal mixing. The theoretical/modeling aspect of the proposal focuses on using a series of ocean global circulation model runs to help separate the different physical processes causing noble gas supersaturation. The model will then be used to determine the effect of the diapycnal mixing rates deduced from the inert gas tracers on the transport of nutrients to the euphotic zone in the subtropical oceans. Using this interdisciplinary approach the team will evaluate the utility of noble supersaturation as a tracer of diapycnal mixing in the ocean thermocline and advance our understanding of a classic problem in oceanography.\nThe project is expected to have a number of broader impacts. By developing a new method of quantifying diapycnal mixing rates in the ocean's thermocline, this project should help to solve the many issues that depend on this fundamental quantity, from determining biological productivity and its controls to understanding the driving forces behind the overturning circulation. Better constraints over mixing rates and wide dissemination of the observational dataset for other data/model comparisons will lead to improved predictions for anthropogenic CO2 uptake by the ocean and for changes in biological productivity caused by global warming, both topics of clear interest to society. The project will also promote education by involving a graduate student that will be jointly advised by the principle investigators and will enhance international scientific collaboration by establishing joint field and analytical research with Japanese and Canadian colleagues.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_5_end_date String 2011-02
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_5_name String Measuring Diapycnal Mixing in the Upper Ocean therMocline using Noble Gas Supersaturation
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_5_project_nid String 743903
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_5_start_date String 2007-03
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_6_acronym String NAT He and Tritium
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_6_description String NSF Award Abstract:\nThis award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).\nThe guiding mission of the GEOTRACES program is to identify processes and quantify fluxes that control the distributions of key trace elements and isotopes in the ocean. The key observational strategy for GEOTRACES is an internationally-coordinated global-scale ocean survey of key trace elements and isotopes (TEIs), and the first U.S. section as part of that survey is in the North Atlantic. Knowing rates and fluxes is a vital step in the development of mechanistic and predictive models of ocean biogeochemical cycles of TEIs, particularly within the framework of global change (both past and future). Much of what we have learned about large scale oceanic rates and fluxes has been inferred from the observation and modeling of tracer distributions, both radioactive and transient. Measurement of appropriate transient tracers alongside of core TEIs would be an effective strategy for achieving GEOTRACES goals.\nIn this project, researchers at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution will make helium isotope and tritium measurements to provide useful biogeochemical rate information for the more centrally important TEI measurements made on the first U.S. GEOTRACES global survey section. The primary contributions that tritium and 3He measurements can make to the program include: (1) Quantifying transit timescales and TEI dilution in the MOC: 3H and 3He are useful tracers for determining deep western boundary current tracer transport rates and interior mixing dilution scales, an important issue for many TEIs; (2) A shallow water chronometer: Using the tritium-3He clock, the time elapsed since fluid parcels have been subducted on timescales ranging from 6 months to several decades can be determined; (3) A TEI thermocline reflux gauge: 3He is a unique \"nutrient-like\" transient tracer that can be used as a \"flux gauge\" to determine the rates at which thermocline-remineralized TEIs are returned to the upper ocean; and (4) Gauging TEI hydrothermal dilution scales: Volcanic 3He injected during hydrothermal activity is a powerful conservative tracer of dilution in these plumes, allowing diagnosis of nonconservative behavior in some TEIs, and permitting flux estimates associated with hydrothermal activity on basin and global scale.\nBroader Impacts: The proposed work is in support of the GEOTRACES program, and as such contributes to the broader societal goals and intellectual objectives espoused by that program. The primary issues related to this are pertinent to understanding the carbon cycle and predicting/mitigating climate change, as well as the marine food web and anthropogenic impacts on the oceans.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_6_end_date String 2013-09
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_6_name String GEOTRACES Atlantic Section: Measurement of Helium Isotopes and Tritium
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_6_project_nid String 743907
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_6_start_date String 2010-01
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_7_acronym String Tracers of Bio Prod and Gas Exchange
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_7_description String NSF Award Abstract:\nOCE-0242139\nThe export of carbon from the surface of the ocean is one of the processes controlling the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) of the atmosphere, which greatly influences the climate of the Earth. Changes in atmospheric pCO2 over glacial time scales are often interpreted as a response to changes in the ocean's biological carbon pump. Models of the carbon pump are limited by our understanding of mechanisms that control it in different areas of the ocean. Satellite color images hold great promise for determining the biological pump globally, but only if the images can be ground truthed by field measurements. To date this calibration has been achieved in only four places in the ocean: the long-term time series locations and parts of the Equator.\nIn this project, researchers at the University of Washington will develop experimental methods of improving our knowledge of the ocean.s biological carbon pump. The research program is twofold. First they will deploy four oxygen sensors and a GTD on the new mooring at HOT to measure a profile of O2 in the euphotic zone and the surface concentrations of N2. They believe that this will be sufficient to determine the net biological oxygen production. Two methods will be tested for calibrating the oxygen sensors in situ. This research will develop methods to determine the oxygen mass balance (and hence biological carbon pump) on moorings at other locations in the ocean.\nThe second, and much smaller, aspect of the project builds on the research team's analytical ability to determine N2, Ar and Ne in seawater. They will conduct a field program to study the concentrations of these gases as a function of wind speed on several short cruises in the Drake Passage of the Southern Ocean. The goal is to develop a correlation between bubble flux and wind speed. This knowledge could be used to characterize the bubble process in locations where it is not possible to measure these gases and to improve estimates of the biologically produced oxygen flux from the ocean using climatological surface ocean oxygen concentrations.\nBroader impacts of this proposal include the benefits to society that will result from understanding the marine biological pump well enough to incorporate it into ocean-atmosphere models that will be used to predict future climate. The proposal also promotes education of a graduate student who will work on the project.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_7_end_date String 2007-02
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_7_name String Tracers of Biological Productivity and Gas Exchange
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_7_project_nid String 743944
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_7_start_date String 2003-03
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_8_acronym String OP3
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_8_description String NSF Award Abstract:\nOCE-0221247\nPrimary production and remineralization in oligotrophic ocean waters like those around Bermuda are phenomena of central importance in the ocean carbon-cycle and figure prominently in climate change impact modeling. Geochemical constraints on primary production at Bermuda, characterized by annual and longer time-scales and based on three fundamentally different systems, lead to quantitatively consistent estimates of new, net community and export production. This agreement between the three types of primary production would at first seem to be expected on such time-scales, but leads to the basic \"Redfield Paradox \": nutrients advected or mixed upward into the euphotic zone must carry with them an associated oxygen debt (AOU) and dissolved inorganic carbon sufficient to negate largely the observed seasonal photosynthetic oxygen buildup and carbon drawdown. An exhaustive consideration of various explanations and scenarios that can be offered fail to explain the observations -- a dilemma here referred to as the \"Ocean Primary Production Paradox (OP3)\".\nA team of researchers at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution will re-examine the OP3 by simultaneously and definitively measuring all three geochemical systems over a period of three to four years. These three systems are, specifically, euphotic zone oxygen production, aphotic zone oxygen consumption, and nutrient flux-gauge determinations. The euphotic zone oxygen system will be constrained by the time-series measurement of the full suite of noble gases (He-Xe) plus O2 and N2,with emphasis on precision measurements of O2 and Ar (to 0.1%),the latter as a biogenic analog of oxygen. The other gases will be used to more completely constrain and refine the air-sea gas exchange and upper ocean model.\nAside from addressing fundamental problem in ocean biogeochemistry, this work is expected to have considerably broader impact in the field of ocean geochemistry by providing the oceanographic community with new sampling technology (the noble gas sampler) that can be used in a broad variety of biogeochemical problems. The design and expertise will be made freely available to those who request it.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_8_end_date String 2007-08
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_8_name String Is There an Ocean Primary Production Paradox(OP3)?
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_8_project_nid String 743948
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_8_start_date String 2002-09
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_9_acronym String C Pump in Subtropical N Pacific
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_9_description String NSF Award Abstract:\nOCE-9906922\nThe subtropical gyres occupy a large fraction of the world ocean and until recently, the common view was that these vast nutrient-depleted regions support only a small amount of primary productivity. However, this view is changing and it appears that production in these areas is important. Thus it is important to understand the mechanism by which nutrients are supplied to these areas. To this end, this project will seek to improve estimates of the mechanisms of nutrient transport to the euphotic zone, and also better constrain the magnitude of the carbon pump. The three main elements of this proposal are improvment in the continuous measurements of oxygen and N2 on the HOT mooring, ship-of-opportunity measurements of DOP (dissolved organic phosphorus) and DON (dissolved organic nitrogen), and measurements of neon to clarify the mechanism of bubble-induced gas exchange in the O2 budget. The goal is to determine the quantitative importance of intermittment diapycnal and surface transport of phosphorus, and to improve mass balance estimates of net biological oxygen production.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_9_end_date String 2003-12
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_9_name String The Biological Carbon Pump in the Subtropical North Pacific Ocean: Mechanisms of Nutrient Supply
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_9_project_nid String 743952
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_9_start_date String 2000-01
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Southernmost_Northing double -68.1081
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Inert gases dissolved in the ocean are powerful tracers of the impact of physical processes on gases, particularly air-sea gas exchange (by both diffusive and bubble-meditated processes), temperature change, atmospheric pressure variation, mixing between different water masses, and ice processes. We have compiled a global ocean database of dissolved neon, argon, and krypton measurements, supplemented by helium, xenon, and nitrogen/argon (N2/Ar) ratios in some locations. Samples were collected on board multiple research cruises spanning the period 1999 through 2016 and analyzed by mass spectrometry at four different shore-based laboratories (University of Victoria, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, University of Washington, and Scripps Institution of Oceanography).
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String [Global Noble Gases] - A compilation of dissolved noble gas and N2/Ar ratio measurements collected from 1999-2016 in locations spanning the globe (Carbon Dioxide Dynamics in Mode Water of the North Atlantic Ocean )
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Westernmost_Easting double -159.9952
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable sequence byte
attribute sequence _FillValue byte 127
attribute sequence actual_range byte 1, 93
attribute sequence bcodmo_name String cruise_id
attribute sequence description String a sequential numerical identifier for each cruise, unique to this database.
attribute sequence long_name String Sequence
attribute sequence units String unitless
variable cruise_name String
attribute cruise_name bcodmo_name String Cruise Name
attribute cruise_name description String a string consisting of: the EXPO number is listed first, followed by a colon, followed by colloquial cruise names, followed by a colon, followed by the ship name.
attribute cruise_name long_name String Cruise Name
attribute cruise_name units String unitless
variable latitude double
attribute latitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lat
attribute latitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute latitude actual_range double -68.1081, 78.9988
attribute latitude axis String Y
attribute latitude bcodmo_name String latitude
attribute latitude colorBarMaximum double 90.0
attribute latitude colorBarMinimum double -90.0
attribute latitude description String the latitude of the station in degrees North.
attribute latitude ioos_category String Location
attribute latitude long_name String Latitude
attribute latitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/ (external link)
attribute latitude standard_name String latitude
attribute latitude units String degrees_north
variable longitude double
attribute longitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lon
attribute longitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute longitude actual_range double -159.9952, 178.9985
attribute longitude axis String X
attribute longitude bcodmo_name String longitude
attribute longitude colorBarMaximum double 180.0
attribute longitude colorBarMinimum double -180.0
attribute longitude description String the longitude of the station in degrees East. Negative numbers indicate degrees West.
attribute longitude ioos_category String Location
attribute longitude long_name String Longitude
attribute longitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/ (external link)
attribute longitude standard_name String longitude
attribute longitude units String degrees_east
variable event short
attribute event _FillValue short 32767
attribute event actual_range short 2, 332
attribute event bcodmo_name String event
attribute event description String number of the event that the water samples were drawn from. Event is used when each cast in a cruise has its own unique number.
attribute event long_name String Event
attribute event nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/EVTAGFL/ (external link)
attribute event units String unitless
variable station short
attribute station _FillValue short 32767
attribute station actual_range short 1, 154
attribute station bcodmo_name String station
attribute station description String number of the station that the water samples were drawn from. Station is used when each station (location) in a cruise has its own unique number but multiple casts occurred at a given station number.
attribute station long_name String Station
attribute station units String unitless
variable cast byte
attribute cast _FillValue byte 127
attribute cast actual_range byte 1, 18
attribute cast bcodmo_name String cast
attribute cast description String number of the cast at an individual station that the water samples were drawn from. Cast is used when multiple casts occurred at a given station number.
attribute cast long_name String Cast
attribute cast units String unitless
variable niskin byte
attribute niskin _FillValue byte 127
attribute niskin actual_range byte 1, 36
attribute niskin bcodmo_name String bottle
attribute niskin description String number of the niskin bottle or rosette position that the water samples were drawn from.
attribute niskin long_name String Niskin
attribute niskin units String unitless
variable year short
attribute year _FillValue short 32767
attribute year actual_range short 1999, 2016
attribute year bcodmo_name String year
attribute year description String year; together the year, month, and day columns are the date that samples were collected.
attribute year long_name String Year
attribute year nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/YEARXXXX/ (external link)
attribute year units String unitless
variable month byte
attribute month _FillValue byte 127
attribute month actual_range byte 1, 12
attribute month bcodmo_name String month
attribute month description String month; together the year, month, and day columns are the date that samples were collected.
attribute month long_name String Month
attribute month nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/MNTHXXXX/ (external link)
attribute month units String unitless
variable day byte
attribute day _FillValue byte 127
attribute day actual_range byte 1, 31
attribute day bcodmo_name String day
attribute day description String day; together the year, month, and day columns are the date that samples were collected.
attribute day long_name String Day
attribute day nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DAYXXXXX/ (external link)
attribute day units String unitless
variable press float
attribute press _FillValue float NaN
attribute press actual_range float 0.8, 5958.6
attribute press bcodmo_name String pressure
attribute press description String pressure in dbar
attribute press long_name String Press
attribute press nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PRESPR01/ (external link)
attribute press units String decibars (dbar)
variable CTDtemp float
attribute CTDtemp _FillValue float NaN
attribute CTDtemp actual_range float -1.7671, 29.047
attribute CTDtemp bcodmo_name String temperature
attribute CTDtemp description String in situ temperature measured by the CTD in degrees C on the ITS-90 Temperature Scale.
attribute CTDtemp long_name String CTDtemp
attribute CTDtemp nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/TEMPP901/ (external link)
attribute CTDtemp units String degrees Celsius
variable CTDsal float
attribute CTDsal _FillValue float NaN
attribute CTDsal actual_range float 27.5322, 37.6311
attribute CTDsal bcodmo_name String sal
attribute CTDsal description String salinity measured by the CTD, expressed on the PSS-78 scale.
attribute CTDsal long_name String CTDsal
attribute CTDsal nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PSALST01/ (external link)
attribute CTDsal units String unitless
variable analysis_lab byte
attribute analysis_lab _FillValue byte 127
attribute analysis_lab actual_range byte 1, 4
attribute analysis_lab bcodmo_name String laboratory
attribute analysis_lab description String a number indicating which lab the analyses were performed in. 1 = University of Victoria, 2 = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 3 = Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 4 = University of Washington.
attribute analysis_lab long_name String Analysis Lab
attribute analysis_lab units String unitless
variable secondary_analysis_lab byte
attribute secondary_analysis_lab _FillValue byte 127
attribute secondary_analysis_lab actual_range byte 4, 4
attribute secondary_analysis_lab bcodmo_name String laboratory
attribute secondary_analysis_lab description String for cruises where Ar concentration or N2/Ar ratio were measured in more than one lab, this number indicates which lab the analyses listed in the \"secondary\" columns were performed in. 1 = University of Victoria, 2 = Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 3 = Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 4 = University of Washington.
attribute secondary_analysis_lab long_name String Secondary Analysis Lab
attribute secondary_analysis_lab units String unitless
variable He_conc float
attribute He_conc _FillValue float NaN
attribute He_conc actual_range float 0.0016028, 0.0020003
attribute He_conc bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute He_conc description String dissolved He concentration in umol/kg. These concentration values are from individual samples. Where a duplicate from the same Niskin was collected and analyzed, the duplicate's value is listed in the second column with the same label appended with \"2\".
attribute He_conc long_name String He Conc
attribute He_conc nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute He_conc units String micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
variable He_conc2 float
attribute He_conc2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute He_conc2 actual_range float 0.0016481, 0.0019137
attribute He_conc2 bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute He_conc2 description String dissolved He concentration in umol/kg (duplicate value)
attribute He_conc2 long_name String He Conc2
attribute He_conc2 nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute He_conc2 units String micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
variable Ne_conc float
attribute Ne_conc _FillValue float NaN
attribute Ne_conc actual_range float 0.0064541, 0.0086643
attribute Ne_conc bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute Ne_conc description String dissolved Ne concentration in umol/kg. These concentration values are from individual samples. Where a duplicate from the same Niskin was collected and analyzed, the duplicate's value is listed in the second column with the same label appended with \"2\".
attribute Ne_conc long_name String Ne Conc
attribute Ne_conc nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute Ne_conc units String micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
variable Ne_conc2 float
attribute Ne_conc2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute Ne_conc2 actual_range float 0.0065521, 0.0086946
attribute Ne_conc2 bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute Ne_conc2 description String dissolved Ne concentration in umol/kg (duplicate value)
attribute Ne_conc2 long_name String Ne Conc2
attribute Ne_conc2 nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute Ne_conc2 units String micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
variable Ar_conc float
attribute Ar_conc _FillValue float NaN
attribute Ar_conc actual_range float 9.5, 18.73
attribute Ar_conc bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute Ar_conc description String dissolved Ar concentration in umol/kg. These concentration values are from individual samples. Where a duplicate from the same Niskin was collected and analyzed, the duplicate's value is listed in the second column with the same label appended with \"2\".
attribute Ar_conc long_name String Ar Conc
attribute Ar_conc nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute Ar_conc units String micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
variable Ar_conc2 float
attribute Ar_conc2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute Ar_conc2 actual_range float 9.752, 18.775
attribute Ar_conc2 bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute Ar_conc2 description String dissolved Ar concentration in umol/kg (duplicate value)
attribute Ar_conc2 long_name String Ar Conc2
attribute Ar_conc2 nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute Ar_conc2 units String micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
variable Ar_conc_secondary float
attribute Ar_conc_secondary _FillValue float NaN
attribute Ar_conc_secondary actual_range float 10.313, 17.308
attribute Ar_conc_secondary bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute Ar_conc_secondary description String same as for Ar_conc but data is from independent samples collected from the same cruise and analyzed in a second laboratory.
attribute Ar_conc_secondary long_name String Ar Conc Secondary
attribute Ar_conc_secondary nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute Ar_conc_secondary units String micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
variable Ar_conc_secondary2 float
attribute Ar_conc_secondary2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute Ar_conc_secondary2 actual_range float 10.32, 17.297
attribute Ar_conc_secondary2 bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute Ar_conc_secondary2 description String same as for Ar_conc2 but data is from independent samples collected from the same cruise and analyzed in a second laboratory.
attribute Ar_conc_secondary2 long_name String Ar Conc Secondary2
attribute Ar_conc_secondary2 nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute Ar_conc_secondary2 units String micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
variable Kr_conc float
attribute Kr_conc _FillValue float NaN
attribute Kr_conc actual_range float 0.0020326, 0.0046696
attribute Kr_conc bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute Kr_conc description String dissolved Kr concentration in umol/kg. These concentration values are from individual samples. Where a duplicate from the same Niskin was collected and analyzed, the duplicate's value is listed in the second column with the same label appended with \"2\".
attribute Kr_conc long_name String Kr Conc
attribute Kr_conc nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute Kr_conc units String micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
variable Kr_conc2 float
attribute Kr_conc2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute Kr_conc2 actual_range float 0.0020964, 0.0046796
attribute Kr_conc2 bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute Kr_conc2 description String dissolved Kr concentration in umol/kg (duplicate value)
attribute Kr_conc2 long_name String Kr Conc2
attribute Kr_conc2 nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute Kr_conc2 units String micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
variable Xe_conc float
attribute Xe_conc _FillValue float NaN
attribute Xe_conc actual_range float 2.315E-4, 6.761E-4
attribute Xe_conc bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute Xe_conc description String dissolved Xe concentration in umol/kg. These concentration values are from individual samples. Where a duplicate from the same Niskin was collected and analyzed, the duplicate's value is listed in the second column with the same label appended with \"2\".
attribute Xe_conc long_name String Xe Conc
attribute Xe_conc nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute Xe_conc units String micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
variable Xe_conc2 float
attribute Xe_conc2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute Xe_conc2 actual_range float 2.722E-4, 6.403E-4
attribute Xe_conc2 bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute Xe_conc2 description String dissolved Xe concentration in umol/kg (duplicate value)
attribute Xe_conc2 long_name String Xe Conc2
attribute Xe_conc2 nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute Xe_conc2 units String micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
variable Ne_Ar float
attribute Ne_Ar _FillValue float NaN
attribute Ne_Ar actual_range float 4.626E-4, 6.5765E-4
attribute Ne_Ar bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute Ne_Ar description String dissolved Ne/Ar ratio with no units. These ratio values are from individual samples. Where a duplicate from the same Niskin was collected and analyzed, the duplicate's value is listed in the second column with the same label appended with \"2\".
attribute Ne_Ar long_name String Ne Ar
attribute Ne_Ar nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute Ne_Ar units String unitless
variable Ne_Ar2 float
attribute Ne_Ar2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute Ne_Ar2 actual_range float 4.6311E-4, 6.655E-4
attribute Ne_Ar2 bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute Ne_Ar2 description String dissolved Ne/Ar ratio with no units (duplicate value)
attribute Ne_Ar2 long_name String Ne Ar2
attribute Ne_Ar2 nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute Ne_Ar2 units String unitless
variable Kr_Ar float
attribute Kr_Ar _FillValue float NaN
attribute Kr_Ar actual_range float 2.1086E-4, 2.4932E-4
attribute Kr_Ar bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute Kr_Ar description String dissolved Kr/Ar ratio with no units. These ratio values are from individual samples. Where a duplicate from the same Niskin was collected and analyzed, the duplicate's value is listed in the second column with the same label appended with \"2\".
attribute Kr_Ar long_name String Kr Ar
attribute Kr_Ar nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute Kr_Ar units String unitless
variable Kr_Ar2 float
attribute Kr_Ar2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute Kr_Ar2 actual_range float 2.1116E-4, 2.4925E-4
attribute Kr_Ar2 bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute Kr_Ar2 description String dissolved Kr/Ar ratio with no units (duplicate value)
attribute Kr_Ar2 long_name String Kr Ar2
attribute Kr_Ar2 nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute Kr_Ar2 units String unitless
variable N2_Ar float
attribute N2_Ar _FillValue float NaN
attribute N2_Ar actual_range float 36.725, 38.651
attribute N2_Ar bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute N2_Ar description String dissolved N2/Ar ratio with no units. These ratio values are from individual samples. Where a duplicate from the same Niskin was collected and analyzed, the duplicate's value is listed in the second column with the same label appended with \"2\".
attribute N2_Ar long_name String N2 Ar
attribute N2_Ar nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute N2_Ar units String unitless
variable N2_Ar2 float
attribute N2_Ar2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute N2_Ar2 actual_range float 36.727, 38.683
attribute N2_Ar2 bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute N2_Ar2 description String dissolved N2/Ar ratio with no units (duplicate value)
attribute N2_Ar2 long_name String N2 Ar2
attribute N2_Ar2 nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute N2_Ar2 units String unitless
variable N2_Ar_secondary float
attribute N2_Ar_secondary _FillValue float NaN
attribute N2_Ar_secondary actual_range float 36.565, 38.274
attribute N2_Ar_secondary bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute N2_Ar_secondary description String same as for N2_Ar but data is from independent samples collected from the same cruise and analyzed in a second laboratory.
attribute N2_Ar_secondary long_name String N2 Ar Secondary
attribute N2_Ar_secondary nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute N2_Ar_secondary units String unitless
variable N2_Ar_secondary2 float
attribute N2_Ar_secondary2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute N2_Ar_secondary2 actual_range float 36.591, 38.234
attribute N2_Ar_secondary2 bcodmo_name String diss_noble_gas_conc
attribute N2_Ar_secondary2 description String same as for N2_Ar2 but data is from independent samples collected from the same cruise and analyzed in a second laboratory.
attribute N2_Ar_secondary2 long_name String N2 Ar Secondary2
attribute N2_Ar_secondary2 nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/HEXC/ (external link)
attribute N2_Ar_secondary2 units String unitless
variable depth double
attribute depth _CoordinateAxisType String Height
attribute depth _CoordinateZisPositive String down
attribute depth _FillValue double NaN
attribute depth actual_range double 0.8, 5840.5
attribute depth axis String Z
attribute depth bcodmo_name String depth
attribute depth colorBarMaximum double 8000.0
attribute depth colorBarMinimum double -8000.0
attribute depth colorBarPalette String TopographyDepth
attribute depth description String depth in meters
attribute depth ioos_category String Location
attribute depth long_name String Depth
attribute depth nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/DEPH/ (external link)
attribute depth positive String down
attribute depth standard_name String depth
attribute depth units String m
variable potential_temp float
attribute potential_temp _FillValue float NaN
attribute potential_temp actual_range float -1.769, 29.0387
attribute potential_temp bcodmo_name String potemp
attribute potential_temp description String Potential temperature in degrees C and referenced to the surface.
attribute potential_temp long_name String Potential Temp
attribute potential_temp nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/POTMCV01/ (external link)
attribute potential_temp units String degrees Celsius
variable sigma_theta float
attribute sigma_theta _FillValue float NaN
attribute sigma_theta actual_range float 21.2658, 28.0965
attribute sigma_theta bcodmo_name String sigma_theta
attribute sigma_theta description String Potential density of the seawater expressed in sigma units and referenced to the surface.
attribute sigma_theta long_name String Sea Water Sigma Theta
attribute sigma_theta units String sigma units
variable Hesat float
attribute Hesat _FillValue float NaN
attribute Hesat actual_range float -1.792, 13.784
attribute Hesat bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute Hesat description String Saturation anomaly of He in percent. 0% indicates that the He concentration is equal to that expected at equilibrium for the potential temperature and salinity of the water. ie. Hesat = (He/Heeq - 1) *100 The He saturation anomaly is calculated relative to the solubility curve of Weiss, R.F. (1971) \"Solubility of Helium and Neon in Water and Seawater\", Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 16(2), 235-241. These saturation anomaly values are from individual samples. Where a duplicate from the same Niskin was collected and analyzed, the duplicate's value is listed in the second column with the same label appended with \"2\".
attribute Hesat long_name String Hesat
attribute Hesat units String unitless (percent)
variable Hesat2 float
attribute Hesat2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute Hesat2 actual_range float 0.689, 10.529
attribute Hesat2 bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute Hesat2 description String Saturation anomaly of He in percent (duplicate value)
attribute Hesat2 long_name String Hesat2
attribute Hesat2 units String unitless (percent)
variable Nesat float
attribute Nesat _FillValue float NaN
attribute Nesat actual_range float -3.82, 7.522
attribute Nesat bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute Nesat description String Saturation anomaly of Ne in percent. 0% indicates that the Ne concentration is equal to that expected at equilibrium for the potential temperature and salinity of the water. ie. Nesat = (Ne/Neeq - 1) *100  The Ne saturation anomaly is calculated relative to the solubility curve of Hamme, R.C., S.R. Emerson (2004) \"The solubility of neon, nitrogen and argon in distilled water and seawater\", Deep-Sea Research I, 51(11), p. 1517-1528. These saturation anomaly values are from individual samples. Where a duplicate from the same Niskin was collected and analyzed, the duplicate's value is listed in the second column with the same label appended with \"2\".
attribute Nesat long_name String Nesat
attribute Nesat units String unitless (percent)
variable Nesat2 float
attribute Nesat2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute Nesat2 actual_range float -1.956, 6.304
attribute Nesat2 bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute Nesat2 description String Saturation anomaly of Ne in percent (duplicate value)
attribute Nesat2 long_name String Nesat2
attribute Nesat2 units String unitless (percent)
variable Arsat float
attribute Arsat _FillValue float NaN
attribute Arsat actual_range float -4.49, 7.638
attribute Arsat bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute Arsat description String Saturation anomaly of Ar in percent. 0% indicates that the Ar concentration is equal to that expected at equilibrium for the potential temperature and salinity of the water.  ie. Arsat = (Ar/Areq - 1) *100  The Ar saturation anomaly is calculated relative to the solubility curve of Hamme, R.C., S.R. Emerson (2004) \"The solubility of neon, nitrogen and argon in distilled water and seawater\", Deep-Sea Research I, 51(11), p. 1517-1528. These saturation anomaly values are from individual samples. Where a duplicate from the same Niskin was collected and analyzed, the duplicate's value is listed in the second column with the same label appended with \"2\".
attribute Arsat long_name String Arsat
attribute Arsat units String unitless (percent)
variable Arsat2 float
attribute Arsat2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute Arsat2 actual_range float -2.978, 7.098
attribute Arsat2 bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute Arsat2 description String Saturation anomaly of Ar in percent (duplicate value)
attribute Arsat2 long_name String Arsat2
attribute Arsat2 units String unitless (percent)
variable Arsat_secondary float
attribute Arsat_secondary _FillValue float NaN
attribute Arsat_secondary actual_range float -2.445, 4.212
attribute Arsat_secondary bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute Arsat_secondary description String same as for Arsat but data is from independent samples collected from the same cruise and analyzed in a second laboratory
attribute Arsat_secondary long_name String Arsat Secondary
attribute Arsat_secondary units String unitless (percent)
variable Arsat_secondary2 float
attribute Arsat_secondary2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute Arsat_secondary2 actual_range float -2.569, 4.179
attribute Arsat_secondary2 bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute Arsat_secondary2 description String same as for Arsat2 but data is from independent samples collected from the same cruise and analyzed in a second laboratory
attribute Arsat_secondary2 long_name String Arsat Secondary2
attribute Arsat_secondary2 units String unitless (percent)
variable Krsat float
attribute Krsat _FillValue float NaN
attribute Krsat actual_range float -6.213, 7.855
attribute Krsat bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute Krsat description String Saturation anomaly of Kr in percent. 0% indicates that the Kr concentration is equal to that expected at equilibrium for the potential temperature and salinity of the water. ie. Krsat = (Kr/Kreq - 1) *100 Kr saturation anomaly is calculated relative to the solubility curve of Weiss, R.F., and T.K. Kyser (1978) \"Solubility of Krypton in Water and Seawater\", Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 23(1), 69-72. These saturation anomaly values are from individual samples. Where a duplicate from the same Niskin was collected and analyzed, the duplicate's value is listed in the second column with the same label appended with \"2\".
attribute Krsat long_name String Krsat
attribute Krsat units String unitless (percent)
variable Krsat2 float
attribute Krsat2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute Krsat2 actual_range float -4.232, 5.498
attribute Krsat2 bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute Krsat2 description String Saturation anomaly of Kr in percent (duplicate value)
attribute Krsat2 long_name String Krsat2
attribute Krsat2 units String unitless (percent)
variable Xesat float
attribute Xesat _FillValue float NaN
attribute Xesat actual_range float -14.614, 9.677
attribute Xesat bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute Xesat description String Saturation anomaly of Xe in percent. 0% indicates that the He concentration is equal to that expected at equilibrium for the potential temperature and salinity of the water. ie. Xesat = (Xe/Xeeq - 1) *100  The Xe saturation anomaly is calculated relative to the solubility curve of D. Wood and R. Caputi (1966) \"Solubilities of Kr and Xe in fresh and sea water\", U.S. Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory, Technical Report USNRDL-TR-988, San Francisco, CA, pp. 14. These saturation anomaly values are from individual samples. Where a duplicate from the same Niskin was collected and analyzed, the duplicate's value is listed in the second column with the same label appended with \"2\".
attribute Xesat long_name String Xesat
attribute Xesat units String unitless (percent)
variable Xesat2 float
attribute Xesat2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute Xesat2 actual_range float -6.618, 8.535
attribute Xesat2 bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute Xesat2 description String Saturation anomaly of Xe in percent (duplicate value)
attribute Xesat2 long_name String Xesat2
attribute Xesat2 units String unitless (percent)
variable Ne_Arsat float
attribute Ne_Arsat _FillValue float NaN
attribute Ne_Arsat actual_range float -0.618, 4.267
attribute Ne_Arsat bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute Ne_Arsat description String Saturation anomaly of Ne/Ar ratio in percent. 0% indicates that the Ne/Ar ratio is equal to that expected at equilibrium for the potential temperature and salinity of the water, ie. Ne/Arsat = ((Ne/Ar) / (Neeq/Areq) - 1) * 100.  Ne/Ar saturation anomaly is calculated relative to the solubility curves of Hamme, R.C., S.R. Emerson (2004) \"The solubility of neon, nitrogen and argon in distilled water and seawater\", Deep-Sea Research I, 51(11), p. 1517-1528. These saturation anomaly values are from individual samples. Where a duplicate from the same Niskin was collected and analyzed, the duplicate's value is listed in the second column with the same label appended with \"2\".
attribute Ne_Arsat long_name String Ne Arsat
attribute Ne_Arsat units String unitless (percent)
variable Ne_Arsat2 float
attribute Ne_Arsat2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute Ne_Arsat2 actual_range float -0.879, 4.435
attribute Ne_Arsat2 bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute Ne_Arsat2 description String Saturation anomaly of Ne/Ar ratio in percent (duplicate value)
attribute Ne_Arsat2 long_name String Ne Arsat2
attribute Ne_Arsat2 units String unitless (percent)
variable Kr_Arsat float
attribute Kr_Arsat _FillValue float NaN
attribute Kr_Arsat actual_range float -1.415, 0.894
attribute Kr_Arsat bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute Kr_Arsat description String Saturation anomaly of Kr/Ar ratio in percent. 0% indicates that the Kr/Ar ratio is equal to that expected at equilibrium for the potential temperature and salinity of the water, ie. Kr/Arsat = ((Kr/Ar) / (Kreq/Areq) - 1) * 100. Kr/Ar saturation anomaly is calculated relative to the Ne solubility curve of Hamme, R.C., S.R. Emerson (2004) \"The solubility of neon, nitrogen and argon in distilled water and seawater\", Deep-Sea Research I, 51(11), p. 1517-1528 and the Kr solubility curve of Weiss, R.F., and T.K. Kyser (1978) \"Solubility of Krypton in Water and Seawater\", Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 23(1), 69-72. These saturation anomaly values are from individual samples. Where a duplicate from the same Niskin was collected and analyzed, the duplicate's value is listed in the second column with the same label appended with \"2\".
attribute Kr_Arsat long_name String Kr Arsat
attribute Kr_Arsat units String unitless (percent)
variable Kr_Arsat2 float
attribute Kr_Arsat2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute Kr_Arsat2 actual_range float -1.386, 0.962
attribute Kr_Arsat2 bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute Kr_Arsat2 description String Saturation anomaly of Kr/Ar ratio in percent (duplicate value)
attribute Kr_Arsat2 long_name String Kr Arsat2
attribute Kr_Arsat2 units String unitless (percent)
variable N2_Arsat float
attribute N2_Arsat _FillValue float NaN
attribute N2_Arsat actual_range float -0.523, 1.82
attribute N2_Arsat bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute N2_Arsat description String Saturation anomaly of N2/Ar ratio in percent.  0% indicates that the N2/Ar ratio is equal to that expected at equilibrium for the potential temperature and salinity of the water, ie. N2Arsat = ((N2/Ar) / (N2eq/Areq) - 1) * 100.  N2/Ar saturation anomaly is calculated relative to the solubility curves of Hamme, R.C., S.R. Emerson (2004) \"The solubility of neon, nitrogen and argon in distilled water and seawater\", Deep-Sea Research I, 51(11), p. 1517-1528. These saturation anomaly values are from individual samples. Where a duplicate from the same Niskin was collected and analyzed, the duplicate's value is listed in the second column with the same label appended with \"2\".
attribute N2_Arsat long_name String N2 Arsat
attribute N2_Arsat units String unitless (percent)
variable N2_Arsat2 float
attribute N2_Arsat2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute N2_Arsat2 actual_range float -0.528, 1.723
attribute N2_Arsat2 bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute N2_Arsat2 description String Saturation anomaly of N2/Ar ratio in percent (duplicate value)
attribute N2_Arsat2 long_name String N2 Arsat2
attribute N2_Arsat2 units String unitless (percent)
variable N2Arsat_secondary float
attribute N2Arsat_secondary _FillValue float NaN
attribute N2Arsat_secondary actual_range float -0.274, 1.664
attribute N2Arsat_secondary bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute N2Arsat_secondary description String same as for N2_Arsat but data is from independent samples collected from the same cruise and analyzed in a second laboratory.
attribute N2Arsat_secondary long_name String N2 Arsat Secondary
attribute N2Arsat_secondary units String unitless (percent)
variable N2Arsat_secondary2 float
attribute N2Arsat_secondary2 _FillValue float NaN
attribute N2Arsat_secondary2 actual_range float -0.295, 1.577
attribute N2Arsat_secondary2 bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute N2Arsat_secondary2 description String same as for N2_Arsat2 but data is from independent samples collected from the same cruise and analyzed in a second laboratory.
attribute N2Arsat_secondary2 long_name String N2 Arsat Secondary2
attribute N2Arsat_secondary2 units String unitless (percent)

 
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