BCO-DMO ERDDAP
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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String Diatom cultures, sample preparation, and EPS extraction  \n P. tricornutum (UTEX 646) was selected for culturing in autoclaved f/2 and\nf/2-Si media (salinity of 26) at a temperature of 19 + 1 oC with a light\ncycling of 14 h : 10 h under a saturating irradiance of 100 umol quanta m-2\ns-1. In order to deplete the diatom of Si supply, cultures were transferred\ninto f/2-Si medium over at least six generations by harvesting cells (2694 g,\n30 min) and resuspending them in fresh f/2-Si medium. Sterile polycarbonate\nbottles were also used to prevent Si supply from glassware. The growth status\nof P. tricornutum was monitored by changes in optical density at 750 nm.\nCells, frustules, and EPS were collected when P. tricornutum reached the\nstationary phase.\n \nLaboratory cultures of P. tricornutum were centrifuged (2694 x g, 30 min) and\nfiltered (0.2 um) to collect the whole cells. The frustules were repeatedly\ntreated by using a hydrogen peroxide (30%, room temperature) treatment until\nbubbles were no longer generated, followed by concentrated nitric acid (HNO3)\ndigestion (85oC, 1 h) to remove organic matter adopted from Robinson et al.\n(2004).\\u00a0\n \nThe resulting organic carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) contents of the\ncleaned frustules were measured using a Perkin Elmer CHNS 2400 analyzer to\nensure the removal of organic materials using cysteine as a standard according\nto Guo and Santschi (1997).\n \nEPS extraction was followed the procedures described in Xu et al. (2011b),\nwhich minimize cell rupture and molecular alterations and maximize extraction\nefficiency. EPS here is referring to those biopolymers that are attached on\nthe diatom frustules. Hereafter, EPS Si+ and EPS Si2 denote the EPS extracted\nfrom diatoms cultured under Si-replete (f/2 medium) and Si-depleted (f/2-Si\nmedium) conditions, respectively. Briefly, laboratory cultures were\ncentrifuged (2694 x g, 30 min) and filtered (0.2 um) when diatoms reached\nstationary phase. The diatom cells were soaked with 0.5 mol L-1 sodium\nchloride (NaCl) solution for 10 min and followed by centrifugation at 2000 x g\nfor 15 min to remove the medium and weakly bound organic material on the\ncells. The pellet from previous step was resuspended in a new 100 mL 0.5 mol\nL-1 NaCl solution and stirred gently overnight at 4oC. The resuspended\nparticle solution was ultracentrifuged at 12,000 x g (30 min, 4uC), and the\nsupernatant was then filtered through a 0.2 um polycarbonate membrane. The\nfiltrate was desalted and collected with a 1 kDa cutoff cross-flow\nultrafiltration and diafiltration membrane and then freeze-dried for later\nuse.\n \nFourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize\nsamples using a Varian 3100 model interfaced with a single reflection\nhorizontal attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory (PIKE  \n Technologies). A diamond plate was used as the internal reflection element.\nA freeze-dried EPS sample was mounted at the surface of the diamond.\nAbsorbance spectra from 800 to 2000 cm21 were collected and integrated using\nVarian Resolution Pro 4.0 software. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy provides a\nnoninvasive way to quickly gain information about the contents of major\nsecondary structures of biopolymers (Xu et al. 2011b; Jiang et al. 2012).\nMajor infrared (IR) peaks were assigned according to Xu et al. (2011b) and\nJiang et al. (2012). Characteristic bands found in the IR spectra of proteins\nand polypeptides include the amide I (1652\\u20131648 cm-1) and amide II\n(1550\\u20131548 cm-1) band. The absorption associated with the amide I band\nleads to stretching vibrations of the C=O bond of the amide, and absorption\nassociated with the amide II band leads primarily to bending vibrations of the\nN-H and C-N bond. The symmetric stretching peak due to deprotonated carboxyl\ngroups is observed at 1400 cm-1 along with the  \n CH2 bending mode at 1455 cm-1. In the 800\\u20131200 cm-1 regions, responses\nfrom C-O, C-O-C, P-O-P, C-O-P, and ring vibrations of the main polysaccharide\nfunctional groups are present in polysaccharide mixtures. The peaks at 1241\nand 1113 cm-1 correspond to P-O stretching in phosphate groups.
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 735995
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-1356453
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1356453 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String Henrietta N Edmonds
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 51517
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy sample characterization experiments. \n  PI: Peter H. Santschi \n  Version: 2019-04-09
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2019-04-10T15:43:31Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2019-04-11T20:02:28Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.764546.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/764546 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_acronym String Spectrometer
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description String Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize samples using a Varian 3100 Excalibur model interfaced with a single reflection horizontal attenuated total reflectance (ATR) diamond accessory (PIKE Technologies).
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid String 764549
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_description String A spectrometer is an optical instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0460/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_name String Spectrometer
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_nid String 667
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_supplied_name String Varian 3100 Excalibur
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, chemistry, concentration, data, dataset, dmo, earth, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Silicate, EPS_Si_diff, EPS_Si_minus, EPS_Si_plus, erddap, management, mass, mass_concentration_of_silicate_in_sea_water, ocean, oceanography, oceans, office, preliminary, science, sea, seawater, silicate, water, wavenumber
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords_vocabulary String GCMD Science Keywords
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/764546/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/764546 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'764546': {}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/764546/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String Texas A&M, Galveston
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation_acronym String TAMUG
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Peter Santschi
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 735998
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String Texas A&M, Galveston
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String TAMUG
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Antonietta Quigg
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 736000
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation String Texas A&M, Galveston
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation_acronym String TAMUG
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_name String Kathleen Schwehr
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_nid String 736002
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation String Texas A&M, Galveston
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation_acronym String TAMUG
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_name String Chen Xu
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_nid String 736004
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_person_name String Mathew Biddle
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_person_nid String 708682
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String Biopolymers for radionuclides
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String Biopolymers for radionuclides
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String NSF Award Abstract:\nParticle-associated natural radioisotopes are transported to the ocean floor mostly via silica and carbonate ballasted particles, allowing their use as tracers for particle transport. Th(IV), Pa (IV,V), Po(IV), Pb(II) and Be(II) radionuclides are important proxies in oceanographic investigations, used for tracing particle and colloid cycling, estimating export fluxes of particulate organic carbon, tracing air-sea exchange, paleoproductivity, and/or ocean circulation in paleoceanographic studies. Even though tracer approaches are considered routine, there are cases where data interpretation or validity has become controversial, largely due to uncertainties about inorganic proxies and organic carrier molecules. Recent studies showed that cleaned diatom frustules and pure silica particles, sorb natural radionuclides to a much lower extent (by 1-2 orders of magnitude) than whole diatom cells (with or without shells). Phytoplankton that build siliceous or calcareous shells, such as the diatoms and coccolithophores, are assembled via bio-mineralization processes using biopolymers as nanoscale templates. These templates could serve as possible carriers for radionuclides and stable metals.\nIn this project, a research team at the Texas A & M University at Galveston hypothesize that radionuclide sorption is controlled by selective biopolymers that are associated with biogenic opal (diatoms), CaCO3 (coccolithophores) and the attached exopolymeric substances (EPS), rather than to pure mineral phase. To pursue this idea, the major objectives of their research will include separation, identification and molecular-level characterization of the individual biopolymers (e.g., polysaccharides, uronic acids, proteins, hydroquinones, hydroxamate siderophores, etc.) that are responsible for binding different radionuclides (Th, Pa, Pb, Po and Be) attached to cells or in the matrix of biogenic opal or CaCO3 as well as attached EPS mixture, in laboratory grown diatom and coccolithophore cultures. Laboratory-scale radiolabeling experiments will be conducted, and different separation techniques and characterization techniques will be applied.\nIntellectual Merit : It is expected that this study will help elucidate the molecular basis of the templated growth of diatoms and coccoliths, EPS and their role in scavenging natural radionuclides in the ocean, and help resolve debates on the oceanographic tracer applications of different natural radioisotopes (230,234Th, 231Pa, 210Po, 210Pb and 7,10Be). The proposed interdisciplinary research project will require instrumental approaches for molecular-level characterization of these radionuclides associated carrier molecules.\nBroader Impacts: The results of this study will be relevant for understanding biologically mediated ocean scavenging of radionuclides by diatoms and coccoliths which is important for carbon cycling in the ocean, and will contribute to improved interpretation of data obtained by field studies especially through the GEOTRACES program. This new program will enhance training programs at TAMUG for postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students. Lastly, results will be integrated in college courses and out-reach activities at Texas A&M University, including NSF-REU, Sea Camp, Elder Hostel and exhibits at the local science fair and interaction with its after-school program engaging Grade 9-12 students from groups traditionally underrepresented.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2018-02
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String Biopolymers as carrier phases for selected natural radionuclides (of Th, Pa, Pb, Po, Be) in diatoms and coccolithophores
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 735996
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2014-03
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Laboratory studies were conducted to examine the sorption of selected radionuclides (234Th, 233Pa, 210Po, 210Pb, and 7Be) onto inorganic (pure silica and acid-cleaned diatom frustules) and organic (diatom cells with or without silica frustules) particles in natural seawater and the role of templating biomolecules and exopolymeric substances (EPS) extracted from the same species of diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, in the sorption process. The range of partition coefficients (Kd, reported as logKd) of radionuclides between water and the different particle types was 4.78\\u20136.69 for 234Th, 5.23\\u20136.71 for 233Pa, 4.44\\u20135.86 for 210Pb, 4.47\\u20134.92 for 210Po, and 4.93\\u20137.23 for 7Be, similar to values reported for lab and field determinations. The sorption of all radionuclides was significantly enhanced in the presence of organic matter associated with particles, resulting in Kd one to two orders of magnitude higher than for inorganic particles only, with highest values for 7Be (logKd of 7.2). Results further indicate that EPS and frustule-embedded biomolecules in diatom cells are responsible for the sorption enhancement rather than the silica shell itself. By separating radiolabeled EPS via isoelectric focusing, we found that isoelectric points are radionuclide specific, suggesting that each radionuclide binds to specific biopolymeric functional groups, with the most efficient binding sites likely occurring in acid polysaccharides, iron hydroxides, and proteins. Further progress in evaluating the effects of diatom frustule\\u2013related biopolymers on binding, scavenging, and fractionation of radionuclides would require the application of molecular-level characterization techniques.
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String Absorbance from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy sample characterization experiments.
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable wavenumber float
attribute wavenumber _FillValue float NaN
attribute wavenumber actual_range float 800.46, 2000.2
attribute wavenumber bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute wavenumber colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute wavenumber colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute wavenumber description String wavenumber
attribute wavenumber long_name String Wavenumber
attribute wavenumber units String unitless
variable EPS_Si_plus float
attribute EPS_Si_plus _FillValue float NaN
attribute EPS_Si_plus actual_range float -0.001326, 0.043897
attribute EPS_Si_plus bcodmo_name String absorbance
attribute EPS_Si_plus description String absorbance EPS Si+
attribute EPS_Si_plus long_name String Mass Concentration Of Silicate In Sea Water
attribute EPS_Si_plus units String per centimeter
variable EPS_Si_minus float
attribute EPS_Si_minus _FillValue float NaN
attribute EPS_Si_minus actual_range float -0.001805, 0.16678
attribute EPS_Si_minus bcodmo_name String absorbance
attribute EPS_Si_minus description String absorbance EPS Si-
attribute EPS_Si_minus long_name String Mass Concentration Of Silicate In Sea Water
attribute EPS_Si_minus units String per centimeter
variable EPS_Si_diff float
attribute EPS_Si_diff _FillValue float NaN
attribute EPS_Si_diff actual_range float -0.023796, 0.14845
attribute EPS_Si_diff bcodmo_name String absorbance
attribute EPS_Si_diff colorBarMaximum double 10.0
attribute EPS_Si_diff colorBarMinimum double -10.0
attribute EPS_Si_diff description String absorbance difference EPS (Si-)-(Si+)
attribute EPS_Si_diff long_name String Mass Concentration Of Silicate In Sea Water
attribute EPS_Si_diff units String per centimeter

 
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