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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String The following methodology applies to this dataset in addition to other\ndatasets published in Edmunds et al. (2019).\n \nMethodology:\n \nOverview\n \nBack reef communities were assembled in four flumes, with each randomly\nassigned to pCO2 treatments targeting ambient (400 \\u03bcatm), 700 \\u03bcatm,\n1000 \\u03bcatm, and 1300 \\u03bcatm pCO2 to approximate atmospheric pCO2\nprojected for ~ 2140 under representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6,\n4.5, 6.0 and 8.5, respectively. Treatments were maintained for one year from\nNovember 2015, and actual pCO2 treatments differed from target values. Each\nflume consisted of a working section that was 5.0 m long, 30 cm wide and\nfilled to ~ 30-cm depth with ~ 500 L of seawater that was circulated and\nrefreshed with sand-filtered (pore size ~ 450\\u2013550 \\u00b5m) seawater from\nCook\\u2019s Bay (-17.491, -149.826, 14-m depth) at ~ 5 L min-1.\n \nPlanar growth and community structure were measured because they are used in\necological analyses of coral reefs, and we reasoned they would sharpen the\nability to interpret the ecological implications of the physiological impacts\nof OA on calcification. We anticipated that the community response to OA would\ninclude reduced linear extension, impaired planar growth of tissue and\nskeleton, and increase partial mortality (as in Dove et al. 2013). The mean\nlinear extension expected for the corals in the present study (Porites rus =\n15.2 \\u00b1 5.7 mm y-1, massive Porites = 10.0 \\u00b1 0.6 mm y-1, Montipora =\n27.7 + 3.0 mm y-1, and Pocillopora verrucosa = 24.7 \\u00b1 2.4 mm y-1\n[[https://coraltraits.org/](\\\\\"https://coraltraits.org/\\\\\"), accessed 8\nOctober 2018]) were expected to create annual changes in planar area of 52 cm2\n(with mean initial size of 69 cm2), 32 cm2 (with mean initial size of 68 cm2),\n106 cm2 (with mean initial size of 70 cm2), and 150 cm2 (with mean initial\nsize of 218 cm2), respectively, in the ambient flume. To evaluate the\nprecision of the photographic method, 10 independent images of mounding and\nbranching corals in the flumes were recorded, and were processed to provide\nreplicate determinations of organism size (i.e., planar area). These images\nshowed that the standard deviations of mean area determinations were 2.3% for\nmassive Porites, and 3.8% for Pocillopora verrucosa). Based on these measures\nof precision, there would be a 75% chance of detecting annual growth of 0.6\ncm2 for massive Porites and 4.8 cm2 for Pocillopora verrucosa, which represent\nreasonable estimates for the growth of these corals in our flumes. Given\neffect sizes ranging from 21.1% for Lithophyllum to 10.2% for massive Porites\nupon exposure to 1067 \\u00b5atm pCO2 (Comeau et al. 2014), an effect of pCO2\non growth in the present study would be detectable for Montipora, while\nsmaller effects of pCO2 for other taxa might be prone to Type II errors in\ndetection (i.e., they might not be detected when present).\n \nBack reef communities were assembled to correspond to the mean percent cover\nof the major space holders in this habitat in 2013 (data archived in Edmunds\n2015). The Back reef community source was latitude: -17.481, and longitude:\n-149.836 \\u00b1 4 km from this point along the north shore. The communities\nbegan with ~ 25% coral cover, with 11% massive Porites spp., 7% Porites rus,\n4% Montipora spp., 3% Pocillopora spp., and ~ 7% crustose coralline algae\n(CCA), consisting of 4% Porolithon onkodes and 3% Lithophyllum kotschyanum.\nCoral rubble (~ 1-cm diameter) was added to ~ 5% cover, and the remainder of\nthe benthic surface was sand. Analyses of community structure focused on the\ncentral, 2.4-m long portion of this community where corals and CCA were\nsecured to a plastic-coated, metal grid (5 \\u00d7 5 cm mesh) and represented\nthe \\u201cfixed\\u201d community. Securing organisms to the grid was critical\nto reduce parallax errors in photography, to allow the organisms to grow and\ninteract as they extended over the year experiment, and to allow ecologically\nmeaningful analysis of community structure using photographs.\n \nThe central section of each flume included a 2.4-m long sediment box that\nextended the width of the flume, and contained 30-cm depth of sediment. The\nsediment box was flanked by ~ 2.6 m of the fiberglass floor of the flume,\nalong which 0.8 m was occupied by the same benthic community, but with corals\nand CCA resting on the bottom (i.e., \\u201cunfixed\\u201d). Members of the\nfixed community were buoyant weighed at the start and end of the year to\nmeasure Net changes in mass (Gnet), but otherwise were left in place. Members\nof the unfixed community were removed monthly to measure buoyant weight to\ncalculate Gnet (described below). The unfixed portion of the community allowed\nmonthly resolution of Gnet, but the necessity for removal from (and return to)\nthe flume to measure Gnet resulted in relocation error that negated their use\nin photographic measurement of community structure. In addition to the coral,\nsand, CCA, and rubble, the flumes were augmented with holothurians (~ 8-cm\nlong, Holothuria spp.), and macroalgae (Turbinaria ornata and Halimeda minima)\nto approximate the cover of these algae in the back reef in 2013 (~\n4\\u20135%).\n \nCorals, CCA, and rubble were collected from ~ 2-m depth in the back reef, and\nwere attached with epoxy (Z-Spar A788) to plastic bases. Sediments were\ncollected in the same location, and were placed into boxes that were buried in\nsitu, flush with the sediment for 3 d to promote stratification, and then\ninstalled in each flume. Back reef communities were constructed in the flumes\non 12 November 2015, and were maintained under ambient conditions until 17\nNovember 2015, when pCO2 treatments began in three flumes, with levels\nincreased to target values over 24 h. Throughout the experiment, the flumes\nwere cleaned of algal turf that grew on the walls of the flumes as well as\nexposed plastic and the metal grid on the floor of the flume. Turfs were not\nremoved from natural surfaces (i.e., coral bases and rubble) with the\nrationale that they are a normal component of back reef communities.\n \nPhysical and chemical parameters:\n \nSeawater was circulated at ~ 0.1 m s-1 using a pump (W. Lim Wave II 373 J\ns-1), and flow speeds were measured across the working sections using a Nortek\nVectrino Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter. This flow speed was relevant for the\nback reef of Mo'orea. The flumes were exposed to sunlight that was shaded to a\nphoton flux density (PFD) of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)\napproximating 2-m depth in the back reef. Light was measured using cosine-\ncorrected sensors (Odyssey, Dataflow Systems Ltd, New Zealand) that were\ncalibrated with a LI-COR meter (LI-1400, Li-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE)\nattached to a 2\\u03c0 sensor (LI 192A). Maximum daily PFD varied by day and\nseason from 364\\u20131,831 \\u03bcmol quanta m-2 s-1. Temperatures were\nregulated close to the mean monthly temperature in the back reef that\nincreased from ~ 27.8\\u00b0C in December 2015, to ~29.3\\u00b0C in April 2016,\nand back to ~ 27.4 \\u00b0C in November 2016.\n \nSeawater carbonate chemistry was uncontrolled in one flume (ambient), and in\nthe three others, seawater pH was controlled through the addition of CO2 gas\n(using solenoids controlled with an Aquacontroller, Neptune Systems, USA) to\napproximate pCO2 targets. A diurnal upward adjustment of ~ 0.1 pH was applied\nto the treatments to simulate natural variation in seawater pCO2 in the back\nreef. The ambient flume also maintained a diurnal variation in pCO2 with a\nnighttime pH ~ 0.1 lower than daytime. Ambient air was bubbled into all\nflumes.\n \nPAR and temperature (Hobo Pro v2 [\\u00b1 0.2\\u00b0C], Onset Computer Corp.,\nMA, USA) were recorded, and pH was measured daily (at various times of day) on\nthe total hydrogen ion scale (pHT). Temperature and pH were used to adjust the\nthermostat and pH-set points close to values that were calculated (using\nseacarb) to correspond to target treatments of 400 \\u00b5atm, 700 \\u00b5atm,\n1000 \\u00b5atm, and 1300 \\u00b5atm (~ 8.04, ~7.81, ~7.70 and ~7.65,\nrespectively). Seawater carbonate chemistry (pH and AT) and salinity were\nmeasured at 14:00 hrs and 20:00 hrs weekly. A conductivity meter (Thermo\nScientific, Orionstar A212, Waltham, MA, USA) was used to measure salinity.\nThe remaining parameters of the seawater carbonate system were calculated from\ntemperature, salinity, pHT, and AT, using the R package seacarb. Calculations\nwere made using the carbonic acid dissociation constants, the KSO4\nconcentration for the bisulfate ion, and the Kf constant.\n \npHT was measured using a DG 115-SC electrode (Mettler Toledo, Columbus, OH,\nUSA) that was calibrated with a TRIS buffers. AT was measured using open-cell,\nacidimetric titration (SOP 3b [Dickson et al. 2007]) using certified titrant\nwith a titrator (T50 with a DG 115-SC electrode, Mettler Toledo). The accuracy\nand precision of measurements were determined using reference materials (from\nA. Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, CA, USA), against which\nmeasured values of AT maintained an accuracy of 1.7 \\u00b1 0.3 \\u03bcmol kg-1\n(n = 15) and precision of 1.8 \\u00b1 0.1 \\u03bcmol kg-1 (n = 475).\n \nResponse variables:\n \nNet changes in mass (Gnet) of corals and CCA was measured using buoyant weight\n(\\u00b1 1 mg) by month (unfixed) or year (fixed community). Buoyant weight was\nconverted to dry weight of CaCO3 using empirical seawater density (~1.02278 g\ncm-3) and the density of pure aragonite (2.93 g cm-3, corals) and pure calcite\n(2.71 g cm-3, CCA). Gnet in each month was expressed as the percentage change\nin mass relative to the initial mass in November 2015. As the area of tissue\nchanged throughout the experiment through growth and partial mortality,\n\\u201cgrowth\\u201d could not be expressed on an area-normalized scale.\n \nCommunity structure was quantified using planar photographs recorded in\nambient light using a GoPro Hero 4 camera (12 MP, 3-mm focal length). The\ncamera was moved along the flume to record the community in the working\nsection using ~ 16 frames sampling-1.\n \nPhotographs were analyzed using ImageJ software, in which the planar area of\nliving tissue on corals and CCA was quantified by outlining organisms and\nscaling the image using the metal grid as a reference. Size (cm2) was\nexpressed as a percentage of the area (240 \\u00d7 30 = 7200 cm2) occupied by\nthe fixed members of the community. The summed area of community members was\nused to determine overall cover of the benthic community, and changes in area\nwere used to quantify growth. Where organisms died, their area was set to\nzero.\n \nSee Edmunds et al. (2019) for analyses that used these data.
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 536317
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-1415268
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1415268 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String David L. Garrison
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 50534
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String Edmunds et al. 2019b: Sizes of organisms fixed to flume floor \n  PI: Peter J. Edmunds \n  Data Version 1: 2020-02-18
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL dataset_current_state String Final and no updates
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2020-02-18T20:17:27Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2020-02-26T16:23:14Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.793674.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/793674 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_acronym String camera
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid String 793681
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_description String All types of photographic equipment including stills, video, film and digital systems.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/311/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_name String Camera
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_nid String 520
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, data, dataset, dmo, erddap, final, flume, ID_number, initial, management, number, oceanography, office, preliminary, species
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/793674/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/793674 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'793674': {}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/793674/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String California State University Northridge
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation_acronym String CSU-Northridge
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Peter J. Edmunds
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 51536
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String California State University Northridge
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String CSU-Northridge
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Steve Doo
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 748154
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation String California State University Northridge
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation_acronym String CSU-Northridge
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_name String Robert Carpenter
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_nid String 51535
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role String Contact
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_name String Amber D. York
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_nid String 643627
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String OA coral adaptation
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String OA coral adaptation
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String Extracted from the NSF award abstract:\nThis project focuses on the most serious threat to marine ecosystems, Ocean Acidification (OA), and addresses the problem in the most diverse and beautiful ecosystem on the planet, coral reefs. The research utilizes Moorea, French Polynesia as a model system, and builds from the NSF investment in the Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research Site (LTER) to exploit physical and biological monitoring of coral reefs as a context for a program of studies focused on the ways in which OA will affect corals, calcified algae, and coral reef ecosystems. The project builds on a four-year NSF award with research in five new directions: (1) experiments of year-long duration, (2) studies of coral reefs to 20-m depth, (3) experiments in which carbon dioxide will be administered to plots of coral reef underwater, (4) measurements of the capacity of coral reef organisms to change through evolutionary and induced responses to improve their resistance to OA, and (5) application of emerging theories to couple studies of individual organisms to studies of whole coral reefs. Broader impacts will accrue through a better understanding of the ways in which OA will affect coral reefs that are the poster child for demonstrating climate change effects in the marine environment, and which provide income, food, and coastal protection to millions of people living in coastal areas, including in the United States. \nThis project focuses on the effects of Ocean Acidification on tropical coral reefs and builds on a program of research results from an existing 4-year award, and closely interfaces with the technical, hardware, and information infrastructure provided through the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER. The MCR-LTER, provides an unparalleled opportunity to partner with a study of OA effects on a coral reef with a location that arguably is better instrumented and studied in more ecological detail than any other coral reef in the world. Therefore, the results can be both contextualized by a high degree of ecological and physical relevance, and readily integrated into emerging theory seeking to predict the structure and function of coral reefs in warmer and more acidic future oceans. The existing award has involved a program of study in Moorea that has focused mostly on short-term organismic and ecological responses of corals and calcified algae, experiments conducted in mesocosms and flumes, and measurements of reef-scale calcification. This new award involves three new technical advances: for the first time, experiments will be conducted of year-long duration in replicate outdoor flumes; CO2 treatments will be administered to fully intact reef ecosystems in situ using replicated underwater flumes; and replicated common garden cultivation techniques will be used to explore within-species genetic variation in the response to OA conditions. Together, these tools will be used to support research on corals and calcified algae in three thematic areas: (1) tests for long-term (1 year) effects of OA on growth, performance, and fitness, (2) tests for depth-dependent effects of OA on reef communities at 20-m depth where light regimes are attenuated compared to shallow water, and (3) tests for beneficial responses to OA through intrinsic, within-species genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity. Some of the key experiments in these thematic areas will be designed to exploit integral projection models (IPMs) to couple organism with community responses, and to support the use of the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) to address scale-dependence of OA effects on coral reef organisms and the function of the communities they build.\nThe following publications and data resulted from this project:\nComeau S, Carpenter RC, Lantz CA, Edmunds PJ. (2016) Parameterization of the response of calcification to temperature and pCO2 in the coral Acropora pulchra and the alga Lithophyllum kotschyanum. Coral Reefs 2016. DOI 10.1007/s00338-016-1425-0.calcification rates (2014)calcification rates (2010)\nComeau, S., Carpenter, R.C., Edmunds, P.J.  (2016) Effects of pCO2 on photosynthesis and respiration of tropical scleractinian corals and calcified algae. ICES Journal of Marine Science doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsv267.respiration and photosynthesis Irespiration and photosynthesis II\nEvensen, N.R. & Edmunds P. J. (2016) Interactive effects of ocean acidification and neighboring corals on the growth of Pocillopora verrucosa. Marine Biology, 163:148. doi: 10.1007/s00227-016-2921-zcoral growthseawater chemistrycoral colony interactions
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2018-12
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String Moorea, French Polynesia
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String Collaborative Research: Ocean Acidification and Coral Reefs: Scale Dependence and Adaptive Capacity
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 535322
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_website String http://mcr.lternet.edu (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2015-01
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String These data describe the fauna that was secured to a metal grid in the bottom of the flume.  These data are results of an experiment incubating a back reef community from Moorea, French Polynesia, for one year at high pCO2 (published in Edmunds et al. 2019) from Nov of 2015 to Nov of 2016.
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String [Edmunds et al. 2019b: Sizes of organisms fixed to flume floor] - Sizes of organisms fixed to flume floor from back reef community flume experiments conducted in Moorea, French Polynesia, from Nov 2015 to Nov 2016 (Collaborative Research: Ocean Acidification and Coral Reefs: Scale Dependence and Adaptive Capacity)
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.5
variable Flume byte
attribute Flume _FillValue byte 127
attribute Flume actual_range byte 1, 4
attribute Flume bcodmo_name String tank
attribute Flume description String Flume number (1 = 1400 µatm. 2 = 700 µatm, 3 = 400 µatm, 4 = 1000 µatm)
attribute Flume long_name String Flume
attribute Flume units String unitless
variable ID_number short
attribute ID_number _FillValue short 32767
attribute ID_number actual_range short 101, 477
attribute ID_number bcodmo_name String sample
attribute ID_number colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute ID_number colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute ID_number description String Unique organism ID number
attribute ID_number long_name String ID Number
attribute ID_number nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/ (external link)
attribute ID_number units String unitless
variable Species String
attribute Species bcodmo_name String taxon
attribute Species description String Organism identification (Scientific name or Genus)
attribute Species long_name String Species
attribute Species units String unitless
variable Initial float
attribute Initial _FillValue float NaN
attribute Initial actual_range float 57.8, 1115.8
attribute Initial bcodmo_name String mass
attribute Initial description String Initial mass of corals as dry weight calculated from bouyant weight in month 0 (Nov 2015)
attribute Initial long_name String Initial
attribute Initial units String grams (g)
variable Final float
attribute Final _FillValue float NaN
attribute Final actual_range float 58.8, 1161.7
attribute Final bcodmo_name String mass
attribute Final description String Final mass of corals and algae as dry weight calculated from bouyant weight in month 12 (Nov 2016)
attribute Final long_name String Final
attribute Final units String grams (g)

 
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