BCO-DMO ERDDAP
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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String Prior to the 2017 hurricanes, six shallow (8-15 m depth) reef sites had been\nselected from the Virgin Islands Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring\nProgram\\u2019s (TCRMP) permanent monitoring sites to study variation in sponge\ncommunities in St. Thomas. These sites included Black Point\n(N18\\u00b0\\u00a020.665\\u2019, W64\\u00b0\\u00a059.107\\u2019), Coculus Rock\n(N18\\u00b0\\u00a018.734\\u2019, W64\\u00b0\\u00a051.613\\u2019), and Magens Bay\n(N18\\u00b0 22.459\\u2019, W64\\u00b0 56.077\\u2019), which are in embayments with\nheavily developed watersheds. Buck Island (N18\\u00b0 16.717\\u2019, W64\\u00b0\n53.925\\u2019) and Savana Island (N18\\u00b0\\u00a020.437\\u2019,\nW65\\u00b0\\u00a004.939\\u2019) are located near undeveloped offshore cays.\nBotany Bay (N18\\u00b0\\u00a021.433\\u2019, W65\\u00b0\\u00a002.071\\u2019) is a\nnearshore site in a bay with a low level of watershed development. For this\nstudy, we used three randomly selected transects out of the six permanently\nestablished 10 m TCRMP transects at each site. The same three transects at\neach site were re-surveyed repeatedly in August 2015, August 2016 (pre-\nhurricanes) and December 2017 (10 weeks post-hurricanes).\\u00a0\n \nSponge assemblages were surveyed on each transect using multiple measures.\nSponge density was quantified by a diver\\u00a0in situ\\u00a0by counting every\nsponge individual (i.e., ramet) within 0.5 m of each transect (resulting in\n0.5 x 10 m belt transects) for all sites except Black Point, where 0.5 m on\nboth sides of the transects (1 x 10 m belt transects) were surveyed. Density\n(sponges/m2) was calculated as the total number of individual sponges per\ntransect, divided by the transect area (Gochfeld et al. 2020).\n \nTo determine whether different sponge morphologies were differentially\naffected by hurricanes, each sponge from each transect was assigned to a broad\nmorphological category (sensu\\u00a0Wulff 2006). These categories included\nexcavating sponges (\\\"excavating\\\"); low relief encrusting sponges\n(\\\"encrusting\\\"); thicker cushions, massive, tube, vase, or other amorphous\nshapes of medium relief (\\u201cmassive\\u201d); and upright, branching and rope\nsponges (\\u201cupright\\u201d). These groupings differ slightly from those used\nby Wulff (2006), but represent the morphotypes found within our transects in\nSt. Thomas. The percent of the entire sponge community represented by each\nmorphological category was calculated as the number of individuals in each\ncategory divided by the total number of individuals for each transect and\nmultiplied by 100 (Gochfeld et al. 2020).\n \nPercent cover of sponges was determined from videos of the three transects at\neach site following established methods from the Virgin Islands Territorial\nCoral Reef Monitoring Program (Smith et al. 2016). A diver swam at uniform\nspeed while videoing the substrata from a height of approximately 0.4 m (the\nheight of a guide wand). Consecutive, non-overlapping images, each\napproximately 0.64 x 0.48 m in planar area, were captured for each transect,\nfor an average of 21 images per transect. Twenty random points were\nsuperimposed on each image (average of 1282 points per site, per sampling\nperiod) and the benthic cover underneath each point was identified to the\nlowest identifiable taxonomic level and used in the calculation of percent\ncover by transect. Specific sponges were not identified in the benthic cover\nanalysis and were instead grouped into the overarching category of\n\\u201cSponge\\u201d. The number of points per image required to adequately\ncharacterize the percent cover of each of the benthic categories (sponges,\nhard corals, macroalgae, epilithic algal community [EAC; i.e., diminutive turf\nalgae and other low complexity filamentous algal communities; Smith et al.\n2016], non-living substrata, calcareous algae, cyanobacterial mats,\ngorgonians, zoanthids and other/unknown living substrata) was determined by\nvisual inspection of the running means. For all categories, the mean value\nstabilized at no more than 17 points per image per transect, indicating that\nthe 20 points analyzed per image was sufficient to accurately reflect percent\ncover at these sites (Gochfeld et al. 2020).
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 749383
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-1807807
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1807807 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String Daniel Thornhill
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 722161
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String Sponge density, morphology, and percent cover of sponges and other benthos \n      at Virgin Islands Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring Program (TCRMP) permanent monitoring sites, 2015-2017 \n   PI's: D. Gochfeld (U Miss), J. Olson (U.AL), M. Brandt (UVI) \n   version date: 2020-06-08
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL dataset_current_state String Final and no updates
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2020-06-04T13:42:06Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2020-07-08T21:22:02Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.814267.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Easternmost_Easting double -64.8602
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_max double 18.3743
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_min double 18.2786
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degrees_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_max double -64.8602
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_min double -65.0823
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degrees_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/814267 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_acronym String camera
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description String Used to record bottom along transects for % cover analysis.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid String 814488
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_description String All types of photographic equipment including stills, video, film and digital systems.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/311/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_name String Camera
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_nid String 520
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_supplied_name String high definition digital video recorder
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String algae, algal, bco, bco-dmo, biological, calcareous, calcareous_algae, chemical, community, coral, cyanobacterial, cyanobacterial_mats, data, dataset, density, description, dmo, encrusting, Encrusting_pcent, epilithic, epilithic_algal_community, erddap, excavating, Excavating_pcent, gorgonians, latitude, living, longitude, macroalgae, management, massive, Massive_pcent, mats, name, non, non_living, oceanography, office, other_unknown_living, pcent, preliminary, site, site_description, site_name, sponge, Sponge_density, transect, upright, Upright_pcent, year, zoanthids
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/814267/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/814267 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Northernmost_Northing double 18.3743
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'814267': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'lon': 'master - longitude'}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/814267/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String University of Mississippi
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation_acronym String UM-NCNPR
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Deborah J Gochfeld
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 51458
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String University of the Virgin Islands Center for Marine and Environmental Studies
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Marilyn Brandt
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 559376
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation String University of Alabama-Tuscaloosa
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation_acronym String UA/Tuscaloosa
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_name String Julie Olson
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_nid String 51454
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_name String Nancy Copley
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_nid String 50396
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String Sponge resilience
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String Sponge resilience
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String NSF Award Abstract:\nOver the past several decades, coral reefs worldwide have undergone a transition from being dominated by the corals themselves to being dominated by sponges or algae. The causes of these changes are complex, but they include both natural stressors, such as diseases and hurricanes, and impacts from human activities, such as coastal development and climate change. There are over 600 species of sponges on Caribbean coral reefs, and they serve many important ecological roles, including nutrient cycling, providing food and shelter for other reef animals, and producing a tremendous diversity of chemical compounds that are important for controlling species interactions on the reef, and may serve as potential new drugs. In spite of their importance on coral reefs, there are many aspects of sponge biology that remain unknown, including how they respond to different types of stressors. Coral reefs in St. Thomas, in the U.S. Virgin Islands, are exposed to different levels of man-made stressors, depending upon their proximity to coastal development, and the sponge assemblages on these reefs also vary with levels of human impacts. In September 2017, St. Thomas was devastated by two Category 5 hurricanes in a row. Since, unlike corals, virtually nothing is known about what happens to sponge communities in the aftermath of hurricanes, the research team will use a combination of field ecology and population genetics approaches to determine how sponge communities respond and recover from these devastating storms and whether prior exposure to land-based stressors affects their recovery. Researchers at the Universities of Mississippi, Alabama and the Virgin Islands will participate in this RAPID project, and will provide training opportunities for students and postdoctoral researchers, especially from underrepresented groups. Information will be provided to resource managers in the Virgin Islands, along with outreach programs to community groups in St. Thomas.\nThe goal of this project is to assess the impacts of single (e.g., hurricanes) versus multiple (e.g., hurricanes and land-based sources of pollution) stressors on the resilience, recovery, and recruitment of sponge communities in St. Thomas, U.S.V.I. Given the growing dominance of sponges on coral reefs worldwide, understanding the responses of sponges to natural and anthropogenic stressors is increasingly important. The investigators will leverage multiple years of data on sponge assemblages from several sites around the island of St. Thomas that varied in their levels of exposure to local land-based stressors prior to Hurricanes Irma and Maria, and evaluate changes to these diverse assemblages over time, beginning within 3 months of these devastating storms. Using a combination of natural and experimentally cleared plots, the investigators will assess the progress of sponge succession and whether the presence of algae interferes with sponge recruitment and recovery. Subsamples of recruits and nearby conspecifics will be collected to evaluate population genetic diversity and potential sources of new individuals. The data resulting from this project will provide critical insights into sponge resilience in response to hurricanes at sites previously exposed to land-based stressors, the initiation of succession within sponge communities, potential predictors of successional trajectory, and genetic diversity within sponge populations following a storm event. This information will help identify factors that inhibit coral recovery and potential approaches to enhance resilience of coral reefs.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2019-11
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String RAPID:  Collaborative Research:  Sponge resilience in the face of multiple stressors
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 749384
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2017-12
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Southernmost_Northing double 18.2786
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Sponge density and morphology and percent cover of sponges and associated benthic community determined from videos of three transects at Virgin Islands Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring Program site, pre- and post-hurricane, 2015-2017.
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String [Sponge density, morphology, benthos percent cover] - Sponge density and morphology and percent cover of sponges and associated community at Virgin Islands Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring Program site, pre- and post-hurricane, 2015-2017 (RAPID: Collaborative Research: Sponge resilience in the face of multiple stressors)
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Westernmost_Easting double -65.0823
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.5
variable Year short
attribute Year _FillValue short 32767
attribute Year actual_range short 2015, 2017
attribute Year bcodmo_name String year
attribute Year description String sampling year
attribute Year long_name String Year
attribute Year nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/YEARXXXX/ (external link)
attribute Year units String unitless
variable Site String
attribute Site bcodmo_name String site
attribute Site description String sampling site identifier
attribute Site long_name String Site
attribute Site units String unitless
variable site_name String
attribute site_name bcodmo_name String site
attribute site_name description String name of sampling site
attribute site_name long_name String Site Name
attribute site_name units String unitless
variable latitude double
attribute latitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lat
attribute latitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute latitude actual_range double 18.2786, 18.3743
attribute latitude axis String Y
attribute latitude bcodmo_name String latitude
attribute latitude colorBarMaximum double 90.0
attribute latitude colorBarMinimum double -90.0
attribute latitude description String latitude; north is positive
attribute latitude ioos_category String Location
attribute latitude long_name String Latitude
attribute latitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/ (external link)
attribute latitude standard_name String latitude
attribute latitude units String degrees_north
variable longitude double
attribute longitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lon
attribute longitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute longitude actual_range double -65.0823, -64.8602
attribute longitude axis String X
attribute longitude bcodmo_name String longitude
attribute longitude colorBarMaximum double 180.0
attribute longitude colorBarMinimum double -180.0
attribute longitude description String longitude; east is positive
attribute longitude ioos_category String Location
attribute longitude long_name String Longitude
attribute longitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/ (external link)
attribute longitude standard_name String longitude
attribute longitude units String degrees_east
variable site_description String
attribute site_description bcodmo_name String site_descrip
attribute site_description description String description of relative human development of site
attribute site_description long_name String Site Description
attribute site_description units String unitless
variable Transect byte
attribute Transect _FillValue byte 127
attribute Transect actual_range byte 1, 6
attribute Transect bcodmo_name String transect
attribute Transect description String transect number
attribute Transect long_name String Transect
attribute Transect units String unitless
variable Sponge_density float
attribute Sponge_density _FillValue float NaN
attribute Sponge_density actual_range float 10.8, 93.2
attribute Sponge_density bcodmo_name String abundance
attribute Sponge_density description String Number of sponges per unit area
attribute Sponge_density long_name String Sponge Density
attribute Sponge_density nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P03/current/B070/ (external link)
attribute Sponge_density units String sponges/meter^2
variable Encrusting_pcent float
attribute Encrusting_pcent _FillValue float NaN
attribute Encrusting_pcent actual_range float 20.79, 88.38
attribute Encrusting_pcent bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute Encrusting_pcent description String percent of encrusting sponges on the transect
attribute Encrusting_pcent long_name String Encrusting Pcent
attribute Encrusting_pcent units String percent (%)
variable Excavating_pcent float
attribute Excavating_pcent _FillValue float NaN
attribute Excavating_pcent actual_range float 0.0, 21.29
attribute Excavating_pcent bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute Excavating_pcent description String percent of excavating sponges on the transect
attribute Excavating_pcent long_name String Excavating Pcent
attribute Excavating_pcent units String percent (%)
variable Massive_pcent float
attribute Massive_pcent _FillValue float NaN
attribute Massive_pcent actual_range float 3.08, 25.0
attribute Massive_pcent bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute Massive_pcent description String percent of massive sponges on the transect
attribute Massive_pcent long_name String Massive Pcent
attribute Massive_pcent units String percent (%)
variable Upright_pcent float
attribute Upright_pcent _FillValue float NaN
attribute Upright_pcent actual_range float 3.97, 71.29
attribute Upright_pcent bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute Upright_pcent description String percent of upright sponges on the transect
attribute Upright_pcent long_name String Upright Pcent
attribute Upright_pcent units String percent (%)
variable calcareous_algae float
attribute calcareous_algae _FillValue float NaN
attribute calcareous_algae actual_range float 0.0, 4.34
attribute calcareous_algae bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute calcareous_algae description String percent cover by calcareous algae along transect
attribute calcareous_algae long_name String Calcareous Algae
attribute calcareous_algae units String percent (%)
variable coral float
attribute coral _FillValue float NaN
attribute coral actual_range float 0.74, 25.6
attribute coral bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute coral description String percent cover by coral along transect
attribute coral long_name String Coral
attribute coral units String percent (%)
variable cyanobacterial_mats float
attribute cyanobacterial_mats _FillValue float NaN
attribute cyanobacterial_mats actual_range float 0.0, 8.65
attribute cyanobacterial_mats bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute cyanobacterial_mats description String percent cover by cyanobacterial mats along transect
attribute cyanobacterial_mats long_name String Cyanobacterial Mats
attribute cyanobacterial_mats units String percent (%)
variable epilithic_algal_community float
attribute epilithic_algal_community _FillValue float NaN
attribute epilithic_algal_community actual_range float 4.67, 58.79
attribute epilithic_algal_community bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute epilithic_algal_community description String percent cover by epilithic algal community along transect
attribute epilithic_algal_community long_name String Epilithic Algal Community
attribute epilithic_algal_community units String percent (%)
variable gorgonians float
attribute gorgonians _FillValue float NaN
attribute gorgonians actual_range float 0.0, 13.38
attribute gorgonians bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute gorgonians description String percent cover by gorgonians along transect
attribute gorgonians long_name String Gorgonians
attribute gorgonians units String percent (%)
variable macroalgae float
attribute macroalgae _FillValue float NaN
attribute macroalgae actual_range float 25.09, 78.23
attribute macroalgae bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute macroalgae description String percent cover by macroalgae along transect
attribute macroalgae long_name String Macroalgae
attribute macroalgae units String percent (%)
variable non_living float
attribute non_living _FillValue float NaN
attribute non_living actual_range float 0.0, 25.7
attribute non_living bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute non_living description String percent cover by non-living substrata along transect
attribute non_living long_name String Non Living
attribute non_living units String percent (%)
variable other_unknown_living float
attribute other_unknown_living _FillValue float NaN
attribute other_unknown_living actual_range float 0.0, 6.99
attribute other_unknown_living bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute other_unknown_living description String percent cover by other or unknown living substrata along transect
attribute other_unknown_living long_name String Other Unknown Living
attribute other_unknown_living units String percent (%)
variable zoanthids float
attribute zoanthids _FillValue float NaN
attribute zoanthids actual_range float 0.0, 1.85
attribute zoanthids bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute zoanthids description String percent cover by zoanthids along transect
attribute zoanthids long_name String Zoanthids
attribute zoanthids units String percent (%)

 
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