http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/750862
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2018-12-05
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Configuration and Operation of Marine Aerosol Generator Deployed on R/V Endeavor EN589 during Sept.- Oct. 2016
2018-12-03
publication
2018-12-03
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2019-03-18
publication
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.750862.1
William C. Keene
University of Virginia
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Keene, W. (2018) Configuration and Operation of Marine Aerosol Generator Deployed on R/V Endeavor EN589 during Sept.- Oct. 2016. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2018-12-03 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.750862.1 [access date]
Configuration and Operation of Marine Aerosol Generator Deployed on R/V Endeavor during Sept./Oct. 2016 Dataset Description: <p>This dataset describes the operating conditions for the high-capacity generator that produced primary marine aerosol from western North Atlantic seawater during cruise&nbsp;EN589 on RV/Endeavor during September and October 2016.</p> Methods and Sampling: <p>The marine aerosol generator was operated by William Keene (wck@virginia.edu) and John Maben. Please direct any related questions to William Keene.</p>
<p>Description and Operation of the Marine Aerosol Generator:&nbsp;Model primary marine aerosol (mPMA) was produced in a high-capacity generator fabricated from Pyrex and Teflon.&nbsp; See Keene et al. [2007] for a description and schematic of the original configuration of the device and Long et al. [2014] for an explanation of modifications implemented for deployment on ships at sea during the 2010 California Nexis (CalNex) campaign in the eastern North Pacific Ocean and the 2012 Western Atlantic Climate Study (WACS) in the western North Atlantic Ocean.&nbsp; During all previous deployments, bubble plumes were produced using sintered-glass frits and/or plunging seawater jets.&nbsp; During the Endeavor cruise, frits were replaced with force-air Venturis as described below.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Briefly, the 20-cm-diameter generator consisted of a 122-cm-deep seawater reservoir underlying a 97-cm-deep atmosphere. During most periods, fresh seawater drawn from approximately 5-m depth through the ship’s clean seawater line flowed into the base of the seawater reservoir (typically at 4 L min-1) and drained evenly to exhaust over the top annular rim thereby continuously replacing the seawater surface and minimizing formation of standing bubble rafts.&nbsp; During two periods, feed seawater flowing through the generator was transferred from carboys containing seawater that had been collected at a depth of 2500 m, stored in 20 L Teflon lined carboys, and warmed to room temperature.&nbsp; Bubble plumes were generated by two mechanisms. (1) Ultra-pure air and seawater (drawn from the base of the generator’s seawater reservoir) were pumped at adjustable rates of 1 to 5 L min-1 each through one of two force-air Venturi nozzles that were fabricated from Teflon and positioned at depths of 42 (shallow) and 72 cm (deep), respectively, below the air-seawater interface.&nbsp; (2) Bubble plumes were also produced by a seawater jet at flow rates of 1 to 3 L min-1 that impinged on the air-seawater interface.&nbsp; The jet nozzle was 0.32-cm ID and positioned at 50 cm above the interface.</p>
<p>mPMA was emitted to the headspace when bubbles rose to and burst at the air-seawater interface. Ultra-pure sweep air flowed through the headspace above the seawater reservoir at 70 L min-1. During most sampling periods, sweep air was hydrated to a relative humidity (RH) of ~80%. mPMA was sampled for chemical and physical characterization through isokinetic ports at the top of the generator.</p>
<p>The generator was blank tested by measuring mPMA number concentrations in the headspace at typical flow rates of bubble and sweep air but with no seawater in the reservoir. All blank tests yielded undetectable particle number concentrations (less than 2 cm-3) indicating that all particles measured during routine operation originated from seawater.</p>
<p>Bubble-plume void fractions were quantified over ranges of conditions by filling the generator, turning off the flow of feed seawater, incrementally increasing the flow of air through the Venturi, and measuring the volume of displaced water.</p>
<p>Refer to the elated papers below for additional details regarding the design and operation of the marine aerosol generator and associated analytical methods.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1536608 Award URL: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1536608
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1536605 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1536605
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1536674 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1536674
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1536597 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1536597
completed
William C. Keene
University of Virginia
434-924-0586
Department of Environmental Sciences
Charlottesville
VA
22904
USA
wck@virginia.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
ID_Number
Sample_Type
Start_Date_local
Start_Time_local
End_Date_local
End_time_local
water_depth_type
Generator_Seawater_flowrate
Jet_Flowrate
Sweep_Bubble_Air_rate
plumes_Venturi
Venturi_Air_flowrate
Venturi_Seawater_flowrate
Rel_Humidity
Teledyne Hastings mass flowmeters and Vasala model HMP 233 probe and meter.
theme
None, User defined
sample identification
sample type
date_start
time_start
date end
time_end
No BCO-DMO term
flow rate
humidity
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Flow Meter
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
EN589
service
Deployment Activity
Northwest Atlantic Ocean
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
United States Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study
http://www.us-solas.org/
United States Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study
The Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) program is designed to enable researchers from different disciplines to interact and investigate the multitude of processes and interactions between the coupled ocean and atmosphere.
Oceanographers and atmospheric scientists are working together to improve understanding of the fate, transport, and feedbacks of climate relevant compounds, and also weather and hazards that are affected by processes at the surface ocean.
Oceanographers and atmospheric scientists are working together to improve understanding of the fate, transport, and feedbacks of climate relevant compounds.
Physical, chemical, and biological research near the ocean-atmosphere interface must be performed in synergy to extend our current knowledge to adequately understand and forecast changes on short and long time frames and over local and global spatial scales.
The findings obtained from SOLAS are used to improve knowledge at process scale that will lead to better quantification of fluxes of climate relevant compounds such as CO2, sulfur and nitrogen compounds, hydrocarbons and halocarbons, as well as dust, energy and momentum. This activity facilitates a fundamental understanding to assist the societal needs for climate change, environmental health, weather prediction, and national security.
The US SOLAS program is a component of the International SOLAS program where collaborations are forged with investigators around the world to examine SOLAS issues ubiquitous to the world's oceans and atmosphere.
» International SOLAS Web site
Science Implementation Strategy Reports
US-SOLAS (4 MB PDF file)Other SOLAS reports are available for download from the US SOLAS Web site
U.S. SOLAS
largerWorkCitation
program
Collaborative Research: Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Recycling of Refractory Dissolved Organic Carbon in Seawater
https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/708310
Collaborative Research: Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Recycling of Refractory Dissolved Organic Carbon in Seawater
<p>The oceans hold a massive quantity of organic carbon that is greater than all terrestrial organic carbon biomass combined. Nearly all marine organic carbon is dissolved and more than 95% is refractory, and cycled through the oceans several times before complete removal. Refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) concentrations are uniform with depth in the water column and represent the "background" carbon present throughout the oceans. However, very little is known regarding RDOC production and removal processes. One potential removal pathway is through adsorption of RDOC onto surfaces of rising bubbles produced by breaking waves and ejection via bubble bursting into the atmosphere. Building on prior research, the investigators will evaluate the importance of ocean- atmosphere processing in recycling marine RDOC during a research cruise in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Results of the research will provide important insights regarding the coupled ocean-atmosphere loss of RDOC, thereby improving understanding of and ability to predict the role of RDOC in oceanic and atmospheric biogeochemistry, the global carbon cycle, and Earth's climate. The research will involve three early career faculty, and will provide training for undergraduate and graduate researchers.</p>
<p>Recent results based on a limited set of observations indicate that the organic matter (OM) associated with primary marine aerosol (PMA) produced by bursting bubbles from breaking waves at the sea surface is comprised partly to wholly of RDOC rather than OM of recent biological origin as has been widely assumed. The injection of RDOC into the atmosphere in association with PMA and its subsequent photochemical oxidation is a potentially important and hitherto unrecognized sink for RDOC in the oceans of sufficient magnitude to close the marine carbon budget and help resolve a long-standing conundrum regarding removal mechanisms for marine RDOC. This project will involve a shipboard investigation and modeling study to (1) quantify the relative contributions of marine refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) to primary marine aerosol organic matter (PMA OM) produced from near-surface seawater in biologically productive and oligotrophic regions and from North Atlantic Deep Water, and to (2) determine the importance of atmospheric photochemical processing as a recycling pathway for RDOC. To test these hypotheses, a high-capacity aerosol generator will be deployed at four hydrographic stations in the NW Atlantic Ocean to characterize (1) the natural abundance of 14C in PMA and in surface and deep seawater; (2) the surface tension and physical properties of bubble plumes; (3) size-resolved production fluxes, chemical composition, organic carbon enrichments, spectral absorbance, and photochemical evolution of PMA; and (4) the carbon content, optical properties, and physical properties of seawater. The importance of RDOC recycling via PMA production and photochemical evolution will be interpreted with model calculations.</p>
<p><strong>EN589 Cruise </strong><strong>Track</strong></p>
<p><strong><img alt="" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/d3/data_docs/Refractory_DOC_Recycling/EN589_Cruise_Trackline.png" style="height:375px; width:500px" /></strong></p>
Refractory DOC Recycling
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Northwest Atlantic Ocean
-70
-67
35
42
2016-09-16
2016-10-14
Northwest Atlantic Ocean
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Configuration and Operation of Marine Aerosol Generator Deployed on R/V Endeavor EN589 during Sept.- Oct. 2016
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/750879.rdf
Name: ID_Number
Units: unitless
Description: Sequential ID number indicting an individual period during which performance and/or mPMA properties were characterized with the generator operated in the same configuration.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/750880.rdf
Name: Sample_Type
Units: unitless
Description: Type of measurement and/or sample: T (Performance test) = Physical characterization only; S = Physical characterization + seawater grab sample for chemical characterization; CI = Physical characterization + cascade impactor sample or blank for analysis of major ions and organic carbon (OC); B = Physical characterization + bulk sample or blank for analysis of major ions and OC or for photochemical manipulation experiments
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/750881.rdf
Name: Start_Date_local
Units: unitless
Description: For T period: start date for the first 5-minute measurement interval for the sizing instruments (scanning mobility particle sizer and aerodynamic particle sizer) or measurement date for water displacement characterization. Other periods (S, CI, B): Start date for mPMA sample or date for mPMA blank or seawater grab sample. Formatted as yyyy-mm-dd.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/750882.rdf
Name: Start_Time_local
Units: unitless
Description: For T period: start time (Atlantic Daylight Time - ADT) for the first 5-minute measurement interval for the sizing instruments (scanning mobility particle sizer and aerodynamic particle sizer) or measurement time for water displacement characterization. Other periods (S, CI, B): Start time for mPMA sample or time for mPMA blank or seawater grab sample. Note: Times for many void fraction measurements were not recorded.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/750883.rdf
Name: End_Date_local
Units: unitless
Description: For T period: stop datefor the last 5-minute measurement interval for the sizing instruments. Other periods: Stop date for mPMA sample. Formatted as yyyy-mm-dd.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/750884.rdf
Name: End_time_local
Units: unitless
Description: For T period: stop time (Atlantic Daylight Time - ADT) for the last 5-minute measurement interval for the sizing instruments. Other periods: Stop time for mPMA sample.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/750885.rdf
Name: water_depth_type
Units: unitless
Description: Depth from which feed seawater was drawn: NS = near-surface (~5 m); NADW = North Atlantic deep water (~2500 m). The 2500 m seawater was transferred from a CTD to 20 L HDPE Teflon-lined carboys, warmed to room temperature, and pneumatically transferred from the carboys to the generator.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/750886.rdf
Name: Generator_Seawater_flowrate
Units: liters/minute
Description: Flow rate of feed seawater into base of generator
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/750887.rdf
Name: Jet_Flowrate
Units: liters/minute
Description: Flow rate of seawater though jet
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/750888.rdf
Name: Sweep_Bubble_Air_rate
Units: liters/minute
Description: Total flow rate of air through generator (sweep + bubble air)
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/750889.rdf
Name: plumes_Venturi
Units: unitless
Description: Plumes produced by shallow (S) or deep (D) Venturi. Note: Immediately preceding the final two observation periods, seawater flow into the generator was turned off and the seawater level in the reservoir was lowered to approximately 4 cm above the top of the shallow Venturi (designated as S*).
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/750890.rdf
Name: Venturi_Air_flowrate
Units: liters/minute
Description: Flow rate of bubble air through Venturi
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/750891.rdf
Name: Venturi_Seawater_flowrate
Units: liters/minute
Description: Flow rate of seawater through Venturi
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/750892.rdf
Name: Rel_Humidity
Units: unitless
Description: Average RH of air in generator’s head space (%)
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
19907
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/23848/1/dataset-750862_en589-marine-aerosol-generator-operating-conditions__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.750862.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>The marine aerosol generator was operated by William Keene (wck@virginia.edu) and John Maben. Please direct any related questions to William Keene.</p>
<p>Description and Operation of the Marine Aerosol Generator:&nbsp;Model primary marine aerosol (mPMA) was produced in a high-capacity generator fabricated from Pyrex and Teflon.&nbsp; See Keene et al. [2007] for a description and schematic of the original configuration of the device and Long et al. [2014] for an explanation of modifications implemented for deployment on ships at sea during the 2010 California Nexis (CalNex) campaign in the eastern North Pacific Ocean and the 2012 Western Atlantic Climate Study (WACS) in the western North Atlantic Ocean.&nbsp; During all previous deployments, bubble plumes were produced using sintered-glass frits and/or plunging seawater jets.&nbsp; During the Endeavor cruise, frits were replaced with force-air Venturis as described below.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Briefly, the 20-cm-diameter generator consisted of a 122-cm-deep seawater reservoir underlying a 97-cm-deep atmosphere. During most periods, fresh seawater drawn from approximately 5-m depth through the ship’s clean seawater line flowed into the base of the seawater reservoir (typically at 4 L min-1) and drained evenly to exhaust over the top annular rim thereby continuously replacing the seawater surface and minimizing formation of standing bubble rafts.&nbsp; During two periods, feed seawater flowing through the generator was transferred from carboys containing seawater that had been collected at a depth of 2500 m, stored in 20 L Teflon lined carboys, and warmed to room temperature.&nbsp; Bubble plumes were generated by two mechanisms. (1) Ultra-pure air and seawater (drawn from the base of the generator’s seawater reservoir) were pumped at adjustable rates of 1 to 5 L min-1 each through one of two force-air Venturi nozzles that were fabricated from Teflon and positioned at depths of 42 (shallow) and 72 cm (deep), respectively, below the air-seawater interface.&nbsp; (2) Bubble plumes were also produced by a seawater jet at flow rates of 1 to 3 L min-1 that impinged on the air-seawater interface.&nbsp; The jet nozzle was 0.32-cm ID and positioned at 50 cm above the interface.</p>
<p>mPMA was emitted to the headspace when bubbles rose to and burst at the air-seawater interface. Ultra-pure sweep air flowed through the headspace above the seawater reservoir at 70 L min-1. During most sampling periods, sweep air was hydrated to a relative humidity (RH) of ~80%. mPMA was sampled for chemical and physical characterization through isokinetic ports at the top of the generator.</p>
<p>The generator was blank tested by measuring mPMA number concentrations in the headspace at typical flow rates of bubble and sweep air but with no seawater in the reservoir. All blank tests yielded undetectable particle number concentrations (less than 2 cm-3) indicating that all particles measured during routine operation originated from seawater.</p>
<p>Bubble-plume void fractions were quantified over ranges of conditions by filling the generator, turning off the flow of feed seawater, incrementally increasing the flow of air through the Venturi, and measuring the volume of displaced water.</p>
<p>Refer to the elated papers below for additional details regarding the design and operation of the marine aerosol generator and associated analytical methods.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>BCO-DMO Processing:<br />
- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date<br />
- modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions<br />
- re-formatted date from d-Mon-yy to yyyy-mm-dd<br />
- replaced blank cells with nd&nbsp; (no data)</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Teledyne Hastings mass flowmeters and Vasala model HMP 233 probe and meter.
Teledyne Hastings mass flowmeters and Vasala model HMP 233 probe and meter.
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Teledyne Hastings mass flowmeters and Vasala model HMP 233 probe and meter. PI Supplied Instrument Description:Airflow rates were regulated with needle valves and quantified with Teledyne Hastings mass flowmeters. Seawater flow rates were measured at the exhaust. RH and temperature were measured continuously at the outlet with a Vasala model HMP 233 probe and meter. Instrument Name: Flow Meter Instrument Short Name:Flow Meter Instrument Description: General term for a sensor that quantifies the rate at which fluids (e.g. water or air) pass through sensor packages, instruments, or sampling devices. A flow meter may be mechanical, optical, electromagnetic, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/388/
Cruise: EN589
EN589
R/V Endeavor
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Endeavor
vessel
EN589
David J. Kieber
State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry
http://dmoserv3.bco-dmo.org/data_docs/Refractory_DOC_Recycling/EN589_Post_Cruise_Report_10.20.16.pdf
Report describing EN589
R/V Endeavor
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Endeavor
vessel