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Dataset Title:  Niskin bottle water samples and CTD measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-
Series cruises from 1988-2016 (HOT project)
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Institution:  BCO-DMO   (Dataset ID: bcodmo_dataset_3773)
Range: longitude = -158.8575 to -157.4567°E, latitude = 21.2283 to 23.4375°N, time = 1988-10-31T00:56:00Z to 2016-11-29T05:40:00Z
Information:  Summary ? | License ? | ISO 19115 | Metadata | Background (external link) | Subset | Data Access Form | Files
 
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The Dataset Attribute Structure (.das) for this Dataset

Attributes {
 s {
  cruise_name {
    String bcodmo_name "cruise_id";
    String description "cruise identifier";
    String long_name "Cruise Name";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  EXPOCODE {
    String bcodmo_name "EXPOCODE";
    String description "This code allows for the identification of cast. It consists of a 4 character NODC country-ship code; a maximum of 8 character cruise number followed by a \"_\" and leg number.";
    String long_name "EXPOCODE";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  Ship {
    String bcodmo_name "unknown";
    String description "This code allows for the identification of cast. It consists of a 4 character NODC country-ship code; a maximum of 8 character cruise number followed by a \"/\" and leg number.";
    String long_name "Ship";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  STNNBR {
    Byte _FillValue 127;
    Byte actual_range 1, 61;
    String bcodmo_name "sta";
    String description "Station Number";
    String long_name "STNNBR";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  CASTNO {
    Byte _FillValue 127;
    Byte actual_range 1, 31;
    String bcodmo_name "cast";
    String description "Cast Number";
    String long_name "CASTNO";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  section {
    String bcodmo_name "unknown";
    String description "The WHP section designator.";
    String long_name "Section";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  time {
    String _CoordinateAxisType "Time";
    Float64 actual_range 5.9426256e+8, 1.480398e+9;
    String axis "T";
    String bcodmo_name "ISO_DateTime_UTC";
    String description "time in ISO-8601 format following the convention YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS[.xx]Z (UTC time)";
    String ioos_category "Time";
    String long_name "ISO Date Time";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DTUT8601/";
    String source_name "ISO_DateTime";
    String standard_name "time";
    String time_origin "01-JAN-1970 00:00:00";
    String time_precision "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z";
    String units "seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z";
  }
  Date {
    String bcodmo_name "unknown";
    String description "The date of the cast in MMDDYY.";
    String long_name "Date";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  Year {
    Int16 _FillValue 32767;
    Int16 actual_range 1988, 2016;
    String bcodmo_name "year";
    String description "Four digit year as extracted from the Date field";
    String long_name "Year";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/YEARXXXX/";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  Month {
    Byte _FillValue 127;
    Byte actual_range 1, 12;
    String bcodmo_name "day";
    String description "Day of the month value as extracted from the Date field";
    String long_name "Month";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DAYXXXXX/";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  Day {
    String bcodmo_name "day";
    String description "Day of the month value as extracted from the Date field";
    String long_name "Day";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DAYXXXXX/";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  timeutc {
    String bcodmo_name "time";
    String description "time in UTC";
    String long_name "Timeutc";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AHMSAA01/";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  timecode {
    String bcodmo_name "unknown";
    String description "The code for when the time was taken. At the beginning (BE); bottom (BO); and completion (EN) of the cast.";
    String long_name "Timecode";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  longitude {
    String _CoordinateAxisType "Lon";
    Float64 _FillValue NaN;
    Float64 actual_range -158.8575, -157.4567;
    String axis "X";
    String bcodmo_name "longitude";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 180.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum -180.0;
    String description "longitude with west being negative";
    String ioos_category "Location";
    String long_name "Longitude";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/";
    String standard_name "longitude";
    String units "degrees_east";
  }
  latitude {
    String _CoordinateAxisType "Lat";
    Float64 _FillValue NaN;
    Float64 actual_range 21.2283, 23.4375;
    String axis "Y";
    String bcodmo_name "latitude";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 90.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum -90.0;
    String description "latitude with south being negative";
    String ioos_category "Location";
    String long_name "Latitude";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/";
    String standard_name "latitude";
    String units "degrees_north";
  }
  nav_code {
    String bcodmo_name "unknown";
    String description "navigation system code";
    String long_name "Nav Code";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  depth_max {
    Int16 _FillValue 32767;
    Int16 actual_range 25, 5700;
    String bcodmo_name "depth";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 8000.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum -8000.0;
    String colorBarPalette "TopographyDepth";
    String description "Depth meassured by shipboard echo sounder in meters. The nominal depth for Station 1 = 1500m and for Station 2 = 4750m.";
    String long_name "Depth";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/DEPH/";
    String standard_name "depth";
    String units "meters (m)";
  }
  pres_max {
    Int16 _FillValue 32767;
    Int16 actual_range 0, 4912;
    String bcodmo_name "pressure maximum";
    String description "The deepest pressure sampled.";
    String long_name "Pres Max";
    String units "decibars (db)";
  }
  depth_hgt {
    Int16 _FillValue 32767;
    Int16 actual_range -838, 4754;
    String bcodmo_name "altitude";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 8000.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum -8000.0;
    String colorBarPalette "TopographyDepth";
    String description "Bottom depth less the maximum pressure sampled.";
    String long_name "Depth";
    String standard_name "depth";
    String units "meters (m)";
  }
  parameters {
    String bcodmo_name "unknown";
    String description "A list of the parameters measured from the water samples collected during the cast. The identification numbers are listed here.";
    String long_name "Parameters";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  comments {
    String bcodmo_name "comment";
    String description "cast comments";
    String long_name "Comments";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  HOT_summary_file_name {
    String bcodmo_name "file_name";
    String description "Filename from which the cruise summary information was obtained";
    String long_name "HOT Summary File Name";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  ROSETTE {
    Byte _FillValue 127;
    Byte actual_range 1, 24;
    String bcodmo_name "bot";
    String description "Rossette Position";
    String long_name "ROSETTE";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  CTDPRS {
    Float64 _FillValue NaN;
    Float64 actual_range -14.3, 4909.7;
    String bcodmo_name "pressure";
    String description "CTD Pressure (CTDPRS) [Decibars]";
    String long_name "CTDPRS";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PRESPR01/";
    String units "decibars";
  }
  A_CAR {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 86.0;
    String bcodmo_name "carotene_a";
    String description "HPLC Alpha Carotene (A.Car) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "A CAR";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ACARHPP1/";
    String units "nanograms per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  ALKALIN {
    Int16 _FillValue 32767;
    Int16 actual_range 2192, 2681;
    String bcodmo_name "TALK";
    String description "Alkalinity [ueq/kg]";
    String long_name "ALKALIN";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/MDMAP014/";
    String units "microeq/kilogram (ueq/kg)";
  }
  ATP {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 110.72;
    String bcodmo_name "ATP";
    String description "Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate (ATP) [ng/kg]";
    String long_name "ATP";
    String units "nanograms per kilogram (ng/kg)";
  }
  B_CAR {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 29.0;
    String bcodmo_name "carotene_b";
    String description "HPLC Beta Carotene (B.Car) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "B CAR";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/BCARHPP1/";
    String units "nanograms per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  BUT_19 {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 114.0;
    String bcodmo_name "fucox_but";
    String description "HPLC 19'-Butanoyloxyfucoxanthin (19 But) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "BUT 19";
    String units "nanograms per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  CAROTEN {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 86.0;
    String bcodmo_name "carotene";
    String description "HPLC Carotenes (caroten) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "CAROTEN";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ABCRHPP1/";
    String units "nanograms per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  CHL_Plus {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 269.0;
    String bcodmo_name "chl_c_tot";
    String description "HPLC Chlorophyll c1 + c2 + c3 (Chl+) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "CHL Plus";
    String units "nanograms per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  CHLC1_2 {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 158.0;
    String bcodmo_name "unknown";
    String description "HPLC Chlorophyll [c1+c2] & Mg 3;8 DVP4A5 (Chl c1+2) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "CHLC1 2";
    String units "nanograms per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  CHLDA_A {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 71.0;
    String bcodmo_name "chlide_a";
    String description "HPLC Chlorophyllide a (Chlda a) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "CHLDA A";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/CIDAHPP1/";
    String units "nanograms per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  CHL_A {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range -0.49, 0.68;
    String bcodmo_name "chl_a_derived";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 30.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.03;
    String colorBarScale "Log";
    String description "Fluorometric Chlorophyll a (Chl a.) [ug/l]";
    String long_name "Concentration Of Chlorophyll In Sea Water";
    String units "micrograms per liter (ug/L)";
  }
  CHL_B {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 382.0;
    String bcodmo_name "chl_b";
    String description "HPLC Chlorophyll b (Chl b) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "CHL B";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/CHLBHPP1/";
    String units "nanograms per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  CHL_C3 {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 234.0;
    String bcodmo_name "unknown";
    String description "HPLC Chlorophyll c3 (Chl c3) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "CHL C3";
    String units "nanograms per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  CHL_C4 {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 1.0, 32.0;
    String bcodmo_name "unknown";
    String description "HPLC Chloropyll c4 (Chl c4) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "CHL C4";
    String units "nanograms per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  CTDOXY {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range -14.3, 383.2;
    String bcodmo_name "dissolved Oxygen";
    String description "CTD Oxygen (CTDOXY) [umol/kg]";
    String long_name "CTDOXY";
    String units "micromole per kilogram";
  }
  CTDSAL {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 33.3167, 35.6976;
    String bcodmo_name "sal";
    String description "CTD Salinity (CTDSAL) [PSS-78]";
    String long_name "CTDSAL";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PSALST01/";
    String units "PSS-78";
  }
  CTDTMP {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 1.4371, 28.5785;
    String bcodmo_name "temperature";
    String description "CTD Temperature  CTDTMP) [ITS-90]";
    String long_name "CTDTMP";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/TEMPP901/";
    String units "degrees celsius";
  }
  DIADINO {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 21.0;
    String bcodmo_name "diadinox";
    String description "HPLC Diadinoxanthin (Diadino) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "DIADINO";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DIADHPP1/";
    String units "nanograms per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  DIC {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 1821.1, 2932.6;
    String bcodmo_name "DIC";
    String description "Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) [umol/kg]";
    String long_name "DIC";
    String units "micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)";
  }
  DOC {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 32.24, 613.45;
    String bcodmo_name "DOC";
    String description "Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) [umol/kg]";
    String long_name "DOC";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/CORGZZZX/";
    String units "micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)";
  }
  DON {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.85, 43.5;
    String bcodmo_name "Dissolved Organic Nitrogen";
    String description "Dissolved Organic Nitrogen (DON) [umol/kg]";
    String long_name "DON";
    String units "micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)";
  }
  DOP {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range -0.47, 2.95;
    String bcodmo_name "Dissolved Organic Phosphorus";
    String description "Dissolved Organic Phosphorus (DOP) [umol/kg]";
    String long_name "DOP";
    String units "micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)";
  }
  DV_CHLA {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 321.0;
    String bcodmo_name "chl_a2";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 30.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.03;
    String colorBarScale "Log";
    String description "HPLC Divinyl Chlorophyll a (DV.Chla) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "Concentration Of Chlorophyll In Sea Water";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DVCAHPP1/";
    String units "nanogram per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  E_BACT {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 0.042;
    String bcodmo_name "pico_euks";
    String description "Eukaryotes (E.bact) [10**5/ml]";
    String long_name "E BACT";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/PNTX";
    String units "10^5 per milliliter (10^5/mL)";
  }
  FUCO {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 170.0;
    String bcodmo_name "fucox";
    String description "HPLC Fucoxanthin (Fuco) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "FUCO";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/FUCXHPP1/";
    String units "nanograms per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  GTP {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range -7.14, 19.38;
    String bcodmo_name "Guanosine5-Triphosphate";
    String description "Guanosine 5'-Triphosphate (GTP) [ng/kg]";
    String long_name "GTP";
    String units "nanograms per kilogram (ng/kg)";
  }
  H_BACT {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.09, 8.406;
    String bcodmo_name "bact_het_cyt";
    String description "Heterotrophic Bacteria (H.Bact) [10**5/ml]";
    String long_name "H BACT";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/HBCCXXXX/";
    String units "10^5 per milliliter (10^5/mL)";
  }
  H2O2 {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 288.28;
    String bcodmo_name "Hydrogen Peroxide";
    String description "Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) [umol/kg]";
    String long_name "H2 O2";
    String units "micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)";
  }
  HEX_19 {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 176.0;
    String bcodmo_name "fucox_hex";
    String description "HPLC 19'-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin (19 Hex) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "HEX 19";
    String units "nanograms per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  HPLCchl {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 535.0;
    String bcodmo_name "chlorophyll a";
    String description "HPLC Chlorophyll a (HPLCchl) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "HPLCCHL";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/CPHLHPP1/";
    String units "nanograms per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  LLN {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 5463.9;
    String bcodmo_name "Low Level Nitrogen";
    String description "Low-level Nitrogen (LLN) [nmol/kg]";
    String long_name "LLN";
    String units "nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg)";
  }
  LLP {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range -7.8, 2125.0;
    String bcodmo_name "Low Level Phosphorus";
    String description "Low-level Phosphorus (LLP) [nmol/kg]";
    String long_name "LLP";
    String units "nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg)";
  }
  LLSi {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 1.04, 5.42;
    String bcodmo_name "Low Level Silica";
    String description "Low-level Silica (LLSi) [umol/kg]";
    String long_name "LLSi";
    String units "micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)";
  }
  LUTEIN {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 9.0;
    String bcodmo_name "lutein";
    String description "HPLC Lutein (Lutein) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "LUTEIN";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/LUTNHPP1/";
    String units "nanogram per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  MV_CHLA {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 340.0;
    String bcodmo_name "chl_a1";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 30.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.03;
    String colorBarScale "Log";
    String description "HPLC Monovinyl Chlorophyll a (MV.Chla) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "Concentration Of Chlorophyll In Sea Water";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/MVACHPP1/";
    String units "nanogram per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  N2O {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 4.97, 56.35;
    String bcodmo_name "Nitrous Oxide";
    String description "Nitrous Oxide (N2O) [nmol/kg]";
    String long_name "N2 O";
    String units "nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg)";
  }
  NO2 {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 238.1;
    String bcodmo_name "NO2";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 1.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
    String description "Nitrite (NO2) [nmol/kg]";
    String long_name "Mole Concentration Of Nitrite In Sea Water";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/NTRIAAZX/";
    String units "nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg)";
  }
  NO2_NO3 {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range -0.05, 43.24;
    String bcodmo_name "NO3_NO2";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 50.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
    String description "Nitrate + Nitrite (NO2+NO3) [umol/kg]";
    String long_name "Mole Concentration Of Nitrate In Sea Water";
    String units "micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)";
  }
  OXYGEN {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 3.0, 244.9;
    String bcodmo_name "dissolved Oxygen";
    String description "Bottle Dissolved Oxygen [umol/kg]";
    String long_name "OXYGEN";
    String units "micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)";
  }
  P_BACT {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 4.47;
    String bcodmo_name "coccus_p_cyt";
    String description "Prochlorococcus (P.Bact) [10**5/ml]";
    String long_name "P BACT";
    String units "10^5 per milliliter (10^5/mL)";
  }
  P13C {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range -26.55, -14.52;
    String bcodmo_name "C13 of Total Particulate Carbon";
    String description "delta-13C of PC (P13C) [permil vs. VPDB]";
    String long_name "P13 C";
    String units "permil vs. VPDB";
  }
  P15N {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range -7.53, 10.25;
    String bcodmo_name "d15N";
    String description "delta-15N of PN (P15N) [permil vs. air-N]";
    String long_name "P15 N";
    String units "permil vs. air-N";
  }
  PC {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.07, 14.59;
    String bcodmo_name "TPC";
    String description "Particulate Carbon (PC) [umol/kg]";
    String long_name "PC";
    String units "micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)";
  }
  PERID {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 8.0;
    String bcodmo_name "peridinin";
    String description "HPLC Peridinin (Peridino) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "PERID";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PERIHPP1/";
    String units "nanograms per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  PE_pt4u {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 99.26;
    String bcodmo_name "phycoerythrin_point4u";
    String description "Phycoerythrin .4u fraction (PE .4u) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "PE Pt4u";
    String units "nanogram per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  PE_10u {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 101.13;
    String bcodmo_name "phycoerythrin_10u";
    String description "Phycoerythrin 10u fraction (PE 10u) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "PE 10u";
    String units "nanogram per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  PE_5u {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 13.04;
    String bcodmo_name "phycoerythrin_5u";
    String description "Phycoerythrin  5u fraction (PE 5u) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "PE 5u";
    String units "nanogram per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  PH {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 5.499, 8.447;
    String bcodmo_name "pH";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 9.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum 7.0;
    String description "pH [either TOT25 or NBS25]";
    String long_name "Sea Water Ph Reported On Total Scale";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PHXXZZXX/";
    String units "either TOT25 or NBS25";
  }
  PHEO {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range -0.09, 1.5;
    String bcodmo_name "phaeopigment";
    String description "Pheopigments (Pheo) [ug/l]";
    String long_name "PHEO";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PHAEFMP1/";
    String units "micrograms per liter (ug/L)";
  }
  PHSPHT {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 6.03;
    String bcodmo_name "PO4";
    String description "Phosphate (PO4) [umol/kg]";
    String long_name "PHSPHT";
    String units "micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)";
  }
  PIC {
    Float64 _FillValue NaN;
    String bcodmo_name "PIC";
    String description "Particulate Inorganic Carbon (PIC) [umol/kg]";
    String long_name "Particulate Inorganic Carbon";
    String units "micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)";
  }
  PN {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 109.836;
    String bcodmo_name "Total Particulate Nitrogen";
    String description "Particulate Nitrogen (PN) [umol/kg]";
    String long_name "PN";
    String units "micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)";
  }
  PP {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 598.4;
    String bcodmo_name "Total Particulate Phosphorus";
    String description "Particulate Phosphorus (PP) [nmol/kg]";
    String long_name "PP";
    String units "nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg)";
  }
  PRASINO {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 14.0;
    String bcodmo_name "prasinox";
    String description "HPLC Prasinoxanthin (Prasino) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "PRASINO";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PRSXHPP1/";
    String units "nanogram per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  PSi {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 163.04;
    String bcodmo_name "Particulate Silica";
    String description "Particulate Silica (PSi) [nmol/kg]";
    String long_name "PSi";
    String units "nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg)";
  }
  REPLICT {
    Byte _FillValue 127;
    Byte actual_range 1, 1;
    String bcodmo_name "replicate";
    String description "Replicate Number";
    String long_name "REPLICT";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  S_BACT {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 0.219;
    String bcodmo_name "coccus_s_cyt";
    String description "Synechococcus (S.Bact) [10**5/ml]";
    String long_name "S BACT";
    String units "10^5 per milliliter (10^5/mL)";
  }
  SALNITY {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 33.8912, 35.9678;
    String bcodmo_name "sal";
    String description "Bottle Salinity [PSS-78]";
    String long_name "SALNITY";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PSALST01/";
    String units "PSS-78";
  }
  SIGMA {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 22.074, 27.794;
    String bcodmo_name "sigma-t";
    String description "Potential Density (Sigma) [kg/m3]";
    String long_name "SIGMA";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/SIGTEQST/";
    String units "kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m^3)";
  }
  SILCAT {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range -0.05, 320.71;
    String bcodmo_name "SiO4";
    String description "Silicate (SiO4) [umol/kg]";
    String long_name "SILCAT";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/SLCAAAZX/";
    String units "micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)";
  }
  SPEC_SI {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.321, 6.235;
    String bcodmo_name "Spectrophotometric Silicate";
    String description "Spectrophotometric Silicate (SPEC.SI) [umol/kg]";
    String long_name "Mass Concentration Of Silicate In Sea Water";
    String units "micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)";
  }
  TD700A {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.02, 0.52;
    String bcodmo_name "chlorophyll a";
    String description "TD700 Chlorophyll a (TD700A) [ug/l]";
    String long_name "TD700 A";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/CPHLHPP1/";
    String units "microgram per liter (ug/L)";
  }
  TD700B {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 0.37;
    String bcodmo_name "chl_b";
    String description "TD700 Chlorophyll b (TD700B) [ug/l]";
    String long_name "TD700 B";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/CHLBHPP1/";
    String units "microgram per liter (ug/L)";
  }
  TD700C {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 0.13;
    String bcodmo_name "unknown";
    String description "TD700 Chlorophyll c (TD700C) [ug/l]";
    String long_name "TD700 C";
    String units "microgram per liter (ug/L)";
  }
  TDN {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 1.67, 54.78;
    String bcodmo_name "Total Dissolved Nitrogren";
    String description "Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN) [umol/kg]";
    String long_name "TDN";
    String units "micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)";
  }
  TDP {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 6.23;
    String bcodmo_name "Total Dissolved Phosphorus";
    String description "Total Dissolved Phosphorus (TDP) [umol/kg]";
    String long_name "TDP";
    String units "micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)";
  }
  THETA {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 1.0743, 28.577;
    String bcodmo_name "potemp";
    String description "Potential Temperature (Theta) [ITC-90]";
    String long_name "THETA";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/POTMCV01/";
    String units "ITC-90";
  }
  VIOL {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 3.0;
    String bcodmo_name "violax";
    String description "HPLC Violaxanthin (Viol) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "VIOL";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/VILXHPP1/";
    String units "nanogram per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  ZEAXAN {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.0, 127.0;
    String bcodmo_name "zeax";
    String description "HPLC Zeaxanthin (Zeaxan) [ng/l]";
    String long_name "ZEAXAN";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ZEOXHPP1/";
    String units "nanogram per liter (ng/L)";
  }
  num_bottles {
    Byte _FillValue 127;
    Byte actual_range 0, 24;
    String bcodmo_name "unknown";
    String description "The number of bottles used during the cast.";
    String long_name "Num Bottles";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  pCO2 {
    Float64 _FillValue NaN;
    String bcodmo_name "pCO2";
    String description "Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (pCO2) [uatm]";
    String long_name "P CO2";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PCO2C101/";
    String units "micro atmospheres (uatm)";
  }
  QUALT1 {
    Int32 _FillValue 2147483647;
    Int32 actual_range 2129222, 5599999;
    String bcodmo_name "q_flag";
    String description "Quality flags for CTD Salinity - Alkalinity";
    String long_name "QUALT1";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  QUALT2 {
    Int32 _FillValue 2147483647;
    Int32 actual_range 9222222, 9999999;
    String bcodmo_name "q_flag";
    String description "Quality flags for pCO2 - DOC";
    String long_name "QUALT2";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  QUALT3 {
    Int32 _FillValue 2147483647;
    Int32 actual_range 2233999, 9999999;
    String bcodmo_name "q_flag";
    String description "Quality flags for TDP - LLP";
    String long_name "QUALT3";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  QUALT4 {
    Int32 _FillValue 2147483647;
    Int32 actual_range 2229999, 9999999;
    String bcodmo_name "q_flag";
    String description "Quality flags for LLSi - Perid";
    String long_name "QUALT4";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  QUALT5 {
    Int32 _FillValue 2147483647;
    Int32 actual_range 2222222, 9999999;
    String bcodmo_name "q_flag";
    String description "Quality flags for 19.But - Chl.b";
    String long_name "QUALT5";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  QUALT6 {
    Int32 _FillValue 2147483647;
    Int32 actual_range 229929, 999999;
    String bcodmo_name "q_flag";
    String description "Quality flags for HPLCchl - Chlda.a";
    String long_name "QUALT6";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  QUALT7 {
    Int32 _FillValue 2147483647;
    Int32 actual_range 222222, 999999;
    String bcodmo_name "q_flag";
    String description "Quality flags for Viol - P.Bact";
    String long_name "QUALT7";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  QUALT8 {
    Int32 _FillValue 2147483647;
    Int32 actual_range 229999, 999999;
    String bcodmo_name "q_flag";
    String description "Quality flags for S.Bact - N2O";
    String long_name "QUALT8";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  QUALT9 {
    Int32 _FillValue 2147483647;
    Int32 actual_range 295559, 999999;
    String bcodmo_name "q_flag";
    String description "Quality flags for PSi - P15N";
    String long_name "QUALT9";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  QUAL10 {
    Int32 _FillValue 2147483647;
    Int32 actual_range 299999, 999999;
    String bcodmo_name "q_flag";
    String description "Quality flags for P13C - Spec.Si";
    String long_name "QUAL10";
    String units "unitless";
  }
 }
  NC_GLOBAL {
    String access_formats ".htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson,.odvTxt";
    String acquisition_description 
"Sampling at Station ALOHA typically begins with sediment trap deployment
followed by a deep (> 4700 m) CTD cast and a \\\"burst series\\\" of at least 13
consecutive 1000 m casts, on 3-h intervals, to span the local inertial period
(~ 31 h) and three semidiurnal tidal cycles. The repeated CTD casts enable us
to calculate an average density profile from which variability on tidal and
near-inertial time scales has been removed. These average density profiles are
useful for the comparison of dynamic height and for the comparison of the
depth distribution of chemical parameters from different casts and at monthly
intervals. This sampling strategy is designed to assess variability on time
scales of a few hours to a few years. Very high frequency variability (< 6 h)
and variability on time scales of between 3-60 d are not adequately sampled
with our ship-based operations.
 
Water samples for a variety of chemical and biological measurements are
routinely collected from the surface to within 10 m of the seafloor. To the
extent possible, we collect samples for complementary biogeochemical
measurements from the same or from contiguous casts to minimize aliasing
caused by time-dependent changes in the density field. This approach is
especially important for samples collected in the upper 350 m of the water
column. Furthermore, we attempt to sample from common depths and specific
density horizons each month to facilitate comparisons between cruises. Water
samples for salinity determinations are collected from every water bottle to
identify sampling errors. Approximately 20% of the water samples are collected
and analyzed in duplicate or triplicate to assess and track our precision in
sample analyses.
 
At Stations Kahe, ALOHA and Kaena, water samples for chemical analyses were
collected from discrete depths using 12 liter PVC bottles with nylon coated
internal springs as closing mechanisms. Sampling strategies and procedures are
well documented in the previous Data Reports and in the HOT Program Field and
Laboratory Protocols manual.";
    String awards_0_award_nid "54915";
    String awards_0_award_number "OCE-0926766";
    String awards_0_data_url "http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0926766";
    String awards_0_funder_name "NSF Division of Ocean Sciences";
    String awards_0_funding_acronym "NSF OCE";
    String awards_0_funding_source_nid "355";
    String awards_0_program_manager "David L. Garrison";
    String awards_0_program_manager_nid "50534";
    String cdm_data_type "Other";
    String comment 
"version: 2018-04-18 
  
   
   Niskin bottle sample data 
   from monthly HOT cruises to deep-water Station ALOHA";
    String Conventions "COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3";
    String creator_email "info@bco-dmo.org";
    String creator_name "BCO-DMO";
    String creator_type "institution";
    String creator_url "https://www.bco-dmo.org/";
    String data_source "extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019";
    String date_created "2012-11-12T22:14:16Z";
    String date_modified "2019-07-15T18:11:38Z";
    String defaultDataQuery "&amp;time&lt;now";
    String doi "10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3773.1";
    Float64 Easternmost_Easting -157.4567;
    Float64 geospatial_lat_max 23.4375;
    Float64 geospatial_lat_min 21.2283;
    String geospatial_lat_units "degrees_north";
    Float64 geospatial_lon_max -157.4567;
    Float64 geospatial_lon_min -158.8575;
    String geospatial_lon_units "degrees_east";
    String history 
"2024-03-29T13:38:24Z (local files)
2024-03-29T13:38:24Z https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_3773.das";
    String infoUrl "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3773";
    String institution "BCO-DMO";
    String instruments_0_acronym "Niskin bottle";
    String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid "5860";
    String instruments_0_description "A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends.  The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24 or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD.  Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.";
    String instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/";
    String instruments_0_instrument_name "Niskin bottle";
    String instruments_0_instrument_nid "413";
    String instruments_0_supplied_name "Niskin bottle";
    String instruments_1_acronym "CTD SBE 911";
    String instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid "5859";
    String instruments_1_description "The Sea-Bird SBE 911 is a type of CTD instrument package.  The SBE 911 includes the SBE 9 Underwater Unit and the SBE 11 Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 and SBE 11 is called a SBE 911.  The SBE 9 uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 and SBE 4). The SBE 9 CTD can be configured with auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). More information from Sea-Bird Electronics.";
    String instruments_1_instrument_external_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0035/";
    String instruments_1_instrument_name "CTD Sea-Bird 911";
    String instruments_1_instrument_nid "422";
    String instruments_1_supplied_name "CTD Sea-Bird 911";
    String keywords "10u, A_CAR, alkalin, atp, B_CAR, bact, bco, bco-dmo, biological, bottles, but, BUT_19, car, carbon, carbon dioxide, caroten, castno, chemical, chemistry, chl, CHL_A, CHL_B, CHL_C3, CHL_C4, CHL_Plus, chlc1, CHLC1_2, chlda, CHLDA_A, chlorophyll, co2, code, comments, commerce, concentration, concentration_of_chlorophyll_in_sea_water, cruise, cruise_name, ctdoxy, ctdprs, ctdsal, ctdtmp, data, dataset, date, day, department, depth, depth_hgt, depth_max, diadino, dic, dioxide, dmo, doc, don, dop, DV_CHLA, E_BACT, earth, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Chlorophyll, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Nitrate, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > pH, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Silicate, erddap, expocode, file, fuco, gtp, H2O2, H_BACT, hex, HEX_19, hot, HOT_summary_file_name, hplcchl, inorganic, iso, latitude, lln, llp, llsi, longitude, lutein, management, mass, mass_concentration_of_silicate_in_sea_water, max, mole, mole_concentration_of_nitrate_in_sea_water, mole_concentration_of_nitrite_in_sea_water, month, MV_CHLA, n02, N2O, name, nav, nav_code, nitrate, nitrite, NO2, NO2_NO3, no3, num, num_bottles, O2, ocean, oceanography, oceans, office, oxygen, p13, P13C, p15, P15N, P_BACT, parameters, particulate, pCO2, PE_10u, PE_5u, PE_pt4u, perid, pheo, phspht, PIC, plus, prasino, preliminary, pres, pres_max, psi, pt4u, qual10, qualt1, qualt2, qualt3, qualt4, qualt5, qualt6, qualt7, qualt8, qualt9, replict, reported, rosette, S_BACT, salnity, scale, science, sea, sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale, seawater, section, ship, sigma, silcat, silicate, SPEC_SI, stnnbr, summary, td700, TD700A, TD700B, TD700C, tdn, tdp, theta, time, timecode, timeutc, total, viol, water, year, zeaxan";
    String keywords_vocabulary "GCMD Science Keywords";
    String license "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3773/license";
    String metadata_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/3773";
    Float64 Northernmost_Northing 23.4375;
    String param_mapping "{'3773': {'lat': 'flag - latitude', 'lon': 'flag - longitude', 'ISO_DateTime': 'flag - time', 'CTDPRS': 'flag - depth'}}";
    String parameter_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/3773/parameters";
    String people_0_affiliation "University of Hawaii at Manoa";
    String people_0_affiliation_acronym "SOEST";
    String people_0_person_name "David M. Karl";
    String people_0_person_nid "50750";
    String people_0_role "Principal Investigator";
    String people_0_role_type "originator";
    String people_1_affiliation "University of Hawaii at Manoa";
    String people_1_affiliation_acronym "SOEST";
    String people_1_person_name "Lance  A Fujieki";
    String people_1_person_nid "51683";
    String people_1_role "Contact";
    String people_1_role_type "related";
    String people_2_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
    String people_2_affiliation_acronym "WHOI BCO-DMO";
    String people_2_person_name "Mathew Biddle";
    String people_2_person_nid "708682";
    String people_2_role "BCO-DMO Data Manager";
    String people_2_role_type "related";
    String project "HOT";
    String projects_0_acronym "HOT";
    String projects_0_description 
"Systematic, long-term observations are essential for evaluating natural variability of Earth’s climate and ecosystems and their responses to anthropogenic disturbances.  Since October 1988, the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program has investigated temporal dynamics in biology, physics, and chemistry at Stn. ALOHA (22°45' N, 158°W), a deep ocean field site in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). HOT conducts near monthly ship-based sampling and makes continuous observations from moored instruments to document and study NPSG climate and ecosystem variability over semi-diurnal to decadal time scales. HOT was founded to understand the processes controlling the time-varying fluxes of carbon and associated biogenic elements in the ocean and to document changes in the physical structure of the water column. To achieve these broad objectives, the program has several specific goals:
Quantify time-varying (seasonal to decadal) changes in reservoirs and fluxes of carbon (C) and associated bioelements (nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and silicon).
Identify processes controlling air-sea C exchange, rates of C transformation through the planktonic food web, and fluxes of C into the ocean’s interior.
Develop a climatology of hydrographic and biogeochemical dynamics from which to form a multi-decadal baseline from which to decipher natural and anthropogenic influences on the NPSG ecosystem. 
Provide scientific and logistical support to ancillary programs that benefit from the temporal context, interdisciplinary science, and regular access to the open sea afforded by HOT program occupation of Sta. ALOHA, including projects implementing, testing, and validating new methodologies, models, and transformative ocean sampling technologies.
Over the past 24+ years, time-series research at Station ALOHA has provided an unprecedented view of temporal variability in NPSG climate and ecosystem processes.  Foremost among HOT accomplishments are an increased understanding of the sensitivity of bioelemental cycling to large scale ocean-climate interactions, improved quantification of reservoirs and time varying fluxes of carbon, identification of the importance of the hydrological cycle and its influence on upper ocean biogeochemistry, and the creation of long-term data sets from which the oceanic response to anthropogenic perturbation of elemental cycles may be gauged. 
A defining characteristic of the NPSG is the perennially oligotrophic nature of the upper ocean waters.  This biogeochemically reactive layer of the ocean is where air-sea exchange of climate reactive gases occurs, solar radiation fuels rapid biological transformation of nutrient elements, and diverse assemblages of planktonic organisms comprise the majority of living biomass and sustain productivity.  The prevailing Ekman convergence and weak seasonality in surface light flux, combined with relatively mild subtropical weather and persistent stratification, result in a nutrient depleted upper ocean habitat.  The resulting dearth of bioessential nutrients limits plankton standing stocks and maintains a deep (175 m) euphotic zone.  Despite the oligotrophic state of the NPSG, estimates of net organic matter production at Sta. ALOHA are estimated to range ~1.4 and 4.2 mol C m2 yr1.  Such respectable rates of productivity have highlighted the need to identify processes supplying growth limiting nutrients to the upper ocean.  Over the lifetime of HOT numerous ancillary science projects have leveraged HOT science and infrastructure to examine possible sources of nutrients supporting plankton productivity.  Both physical (mixing, upwelling) and biotic (N2 fixation, vertical migration) processes supply nutrients to the upper ocean in this region, and HOT has been instrumental in demonstrating that these processes are sensitive to variability in ocean climate.
Station ALOHA - site selection and infrastructure
Station ALOHA is a deep water (~4800 m) location approximately 100 km north of the Hawaiian Island of Oahu.  Thus, the region is far enough from land to be free of coastal ocean dynamics and terrestrial inputs, but close enough to a major port (Honolulu) to make relatively short duration (45 m depth), below depths of detection by Earth-orbiting satellites.  The emerging data emphasize the value of in situ measurements for validating remote and autonomous detection of plankton biomass and productivity and demonstrate that detection of potential secular-scale changes in productivity against the backdrop of significant interannual and decadal fluctuations demands a sustained sampling effort.     
Careful long-term measurements at Stn. ALOHA also highlight a well-resolved, though relatively weak, seasonal climatology in upper ocean primary productivity.  Measurements of 14C-primary production document a ~3-fold increase during the summer months (Karl et al., 2012) that coincides with increases in plankton biomass (Landry et al., 2001; Sheridan and Landry, 2004).  Moreover, phytoplankton blooms, often large enough to be detected by ocean color satellites, are a recurrent summertime feature of these waters (White et al., 2007; Dore et al., 2008; Fong et al., 2008). Analyses of ~13-years (1992-2004) of particulate C, N, P, and biogenic Si fluxes collected from bottom-moored deep-ocean (2800 m and 4000 m) sediment traps provide clues to processes underlying these seasonal changes.  Unlike the gradual summertime increase in sinking particle flux observed in the upper ocean (150 m) traps, the deep sea particle flux record depicts a sharply defined summer maximum that accounts for ~20% of the annual POC flux to the deep sea, and appears driven by rapidly sinking diatom biomass (Karl et al., 2012).  Analyses of the 15N isotopic signatures associated with sinking particles at Sta. ALOHA, together with genetic analyses of N2 fixing microorganisms, implicates upper ocean N2 fixation as a major control on the magnitude and efficiency of the biological carbon pump in this ecosystem (Dore et al., 2002; Church et al., 2009; Karl et al., 2012).
Motivating Questions
Science results from HOT continue to raise new, important questions about linkages between ocean climate and biogeochemistry that remain at the core of contemporary oceanography.  Answers have begun to emerge from the existing suite of core program measurements; however, sustained sampling is needed to improve our understanding of contemporary ecosystem behavior and our ability to make informed projections of future changes to this ecosystem. HOT continues to focus on providing answers to some of the questions below:
How sensitive are rates of primary production and organic matter export to short- and long-term climate variability?
What processes regulate nutrient supply to the upper ocean and how sensitive are these processes to climate forcing? 
What processes control the magnitude of air-sea carbon exchange and over what time scales do these processes vary?
Is the strength of the NPSG CO2 sink changing in time?
To what extent does advection (including eddies) contribute to the mixed layer salinity budget over annual to decadal time scales and what are the implications for upper ocean biogeochemistry?
How do variations in plankton community structure influence productivity and material export? 
What processes trigger the formation and demise of phytoplankton blooms in a persistently stratified ocean ecosystem?
References";
    String projects_0_end_date "2014-12";
    String projects_0_geolocation "North Pacific Subtropical Gyre; 22 deg 45 min N, 158 deg W";
    String projects_0_name "Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): Sustaining ocean ecosystem and climate observations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre";
    String projects_0_project_nid "2101";
    String projects_0_project_website "http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/hot_jgofs.html";
    String projects_0_start_date "1988-07";
    String publisher_name "Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)";
    String publisher_type "institution";
    String sourceUrl "(local files)";
    Float64 Southernmost_Northing 21.2283;
    String standard_name_vocabulary "CF Standard Name Table v55";
    String subsetVariables "section,timecode,nav_code,PIC,REPLICT,pCO2";
    String summary "Monthly measurements of the thermohaline structure, water column chemistry, and primary production were collected at station ALOHA as part of the HOT program.";
    String time_coverage_end "2016-11-29T05:40:00Z";
    String time_coverage_start "1988-10-31T00:56:00Z";
    String title "Niskin bottle water samples and CTD measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series cruises from 1988-2016 (HOT project)";
    String version "1";
    Float64 Westernmost_Easting -158.8575;
    String xml_source "osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3";
  }
}

 

Using tabledap to Request Data and Graphs from Tabular Datasets

tabledap lets you request a data subset, a graph, or a map from a tabular dataset (for example, buoy data), via a specially formed URL. tabledap uses the OPeNDAP (external link) Data Access Protocol (DAP) (external link) and its selection constraints (external link).

The URL specifies what you want: the dataset, a description of the graph or the subset of the data, and the file type for the response.

Tabledap request URLs must be in the form
https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/tabledap/datasetID.fileType{?query}
For example,
https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/tabledap/pmelTaoDySst.htmlTable?longitude,latitude,time,station,wmo_platform_code,T_25&time>=2015-05-23T12:00:00Z&time<=2015-05-31T12:00:00Z
Thus, the query is often a comma-separated list of desired variable names, followed by a collection of constraints (e.g., variable<value), each preceded by '&' (which is interpreted as "AND").

For details, see the tabledap Documentation.


 
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