Attributes {
 s {
  location {
    String bcodmo_name "site";
    String description "Name of area of study";
    String long_name "Location";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  latitude {
    String _CoordinateAxisType "Lat";
    Float64 _FillValue NaN;
    Float64 actual_range 20.8, 20.8;
    String axis "Y";
    String bcodmo_name "latitude";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 90.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum -90.0;
    String description "Latitude of study site";
    String ioos_category "Location";
    String long_name "Latitude";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/";
    String standard_name "latitude";
    String units "degrees_north";
  }
  longitude {
    String _CoordinateAxisType "Lon";
    Float64 _FillValue NaN;
    Float64 actual_range 116.7, 116.7;
    String axis "X";
    String bcodmo_name "longitude";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 180.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum -180.0;
    String description "Longitude of study site";
    String ioos_category "Location";
    String long_name "Longitude";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/";
    String standard_name "longitude";
    String units "degrees_east";
  }
  core_id {
    Int16 _FillValue 32767;
    Int16 actual_range 756, 919;
    String bcodmo_name "sample";
    String description "Identification number of coral core";
    String long_name "Core Id";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  status_July_2015 {
    String bcodmo_name "sample_descrip";
    String description "Status of colony in July 2015: \"bleached\" / \"dead\" / \"alive, pigmented\"";
    String long_name "Status July 2015";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  stress_bands {
    String bcodmo_name "sample_descrip";
    String description "Years with identified stress bands";
    String long_name "Stress Bands";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  year {
    Int16 _FillValue 32767;
    Int16 actual_range 1953, 2013;
    String bcodmo_name "year";
    String description "4-digit calendar year for which calcification rate was determined";
    String long_name "Year";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/YEARXXXX/";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  calcification_rate {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.59, 2.24;
    String bcodmo_name "calcification";
    String description "Annual calcification rate";
    String long_name "Calcification Rate";
    String units "grams per centimeter per year (g cm-2 yr-1)";
  }
 }
  NC_GLOBAL {
    String access_formats ".htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson";
    String acquisition_description "Coral skeletal cores were collected from massive Porites colonies using
underwater pneumatic drills with 3 cm diameter drill bits. The cores were
scanned at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Computerized Scanning and
Imaging Facility and skeletal density was calculated by comparison to
previously calibrated coral skeletal density standards\\u2028.";
    String awards_0_award_nid "687812";
    String awards_0_award_number "OCE-1605365";
    String awards_0_data_url "http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1605365";
    String awards_0_funder_name "NSF Division of Ocean Sciences";
    String awards_0_funding_acronym "NSF OCE";
    String awards_0_funding_source_nid "355";
    String awards_0_program_manager "David L. Garrison";
    String awards_0_program_manager_nid "50534";
    String cdm_data_type "Other";
    String comment "Dongsha Atoll Coral Calcification Rates 
  PI: Anne Cohen (WHOI) 
  Version: 19 April 2017";
    String Conventions "COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3";
    String creator_email "info@bco-dmo.org";
    String creator_name "BCO-DMO";
    String creator_type "institution";
    String creator_url "https://www.bco-dmo.org/";
    String data_source "extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019";
    String date_created "2017-04-19T17:18:05Z";
    String date_modified "2019-08-02T19:56:14Z";
    String defaultDataQuery "&time<now";
    String doi "10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.687887.1";
    Float64 Easternmost_Easting 116.7;
    Float64 geospatial_lat_max 20.8;
    Float64 geospatial_lat_min 20.8;
    String geospatial_lat_units "degrees_north";
    Float64 geospatial_lon_max 116.7;
    Float64 geospatial_lon_min 116.7;
    String geospatial_lon_units "degrees_east";
    String history "2024-04-26T19:34:48Z (local files)
2024-04-26T19:34:48Z https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_687887.das";
    String infoUrl "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/687887";
    String institution "BCO-DMO";
    String instruments_0_acronym "Manual Biota Sampler";
    String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description "Coral skeletal cores were collected from massive Porites colonies using underwater pneumatic drills with 3 cm diameter drill bits.";
    String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid "687976";
    String instruments_0_description "Manual Biota Sampler indicates that a sample was collected in situ by a person, possibly using a hand-held collection device such as a jar, a net or their hands.";
    String instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/90/";
    String instruments_0_instrument_name "Manual Biota Sampler";
    String instruments_0_instrument_nid "565";
    String instruments_0_supplied_name "underwater pneumatic drills";
    String keywords "bands, bco, bco-dmo, biological, calcification, calcification_rate, chemical, core, core_id, data, dataset, dmo, erddap, latitude, longitude, management, oceanography, office, preliminary, rate, status, status_July_2015, stress, stress_bands, year";
    String license "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/687887/license";
    String metadata_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/687887";
    Float64 Northernmost_Northing 20.8;
    String param_mapping "{'687887': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'lon': 'master - longitude'}}";
    String parameter_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/687887/parameters";
    String people_0_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
    String people_0_affiliation_acronym "WHOI";
    String people_0_person_name "Anne L Cohen";
    String people_0_person_nid "51428";
    String people_0_role "Principal Investigator";
    String people_0_role_type "originator";
    String people_1_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
    String people_1_affiliation_acronym "WHOI BCO-DMO";
    String people_1_person_name "Shannon Rauch";
    String people_1_person_nid "51498";
    String people_1_role "BCO-DMO Data Manager";
    String people_1_role_type "related";
    String project "Coral Reef Resilience";
    String projects_0_acronym "Coral Reef Resilience";
    String projects_0_description "This project supports a 7 day expedition to the heart of the central tropical Pacific during a particularly strong El Niņo event, arguably one of the strongest on record. The target is Jarvis Island, located in the path of the cool, nutrient-rich Equatorial Under-Current (EUC). As a consequence of its location, Jarvis, a pristine, uninhabited coral reef ecosystem, is characterized by enhanced productivity, high densities of large predatory fish, turtles, corals and other sea life. However, sea surface temperatures on Jarvis are currently 3.9 degrees Celsius higher than normal for this time of year, due to El Niņo. This provides investigators with a unique opportunity to examine how a highly productive reef ecosystem responds to ocean warming, and the mechanisms and timescales for recovery. Information will be collected by deploying state-of-the-art instrumentation on the reef, and sampling seawater, particulates, plankton and corals from surface to 150 meters depth. This will be the first expedition to Jarvis Island during a bleaching event. The US Pacific Remote Island Marine National Monument (PRIMNM) was recently expanded as part of a multi-national commitment to protect and preserve vast areas of our ocean and ocean resources for future generations. However, these protections do not shield ocean ecosystems from the impacts of 21st century climate change. The project investigates the potential for simultaneous changes in equatorial ocean circulation to lessen the impacts of the global warming for equatorial reefs. It tests hypotheses that improve understanding of fundamental mechanisms of coral reef resilience to climate change, and the ability to identify such reef systems for inclusion in Protected Area Networks. The cruise supports the training of four PhD students, three of whom are National Science Foundation / National Defense Science and Engineering graduate research fellows, and provide material in support of six PhD theses. Results will be shared at international meetings and workshops, and published in peer-reviewed journals. All data collected and generated from the cruise will be made publicly available via the Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office.
Global climate models project enhanced warming of the central tropical Pacific over this century. By implication, waters bathing five out of the seven coral reef ecosystems protected within the recently expanded PRIMNM, will warm by more than 3 degrees Celsius. This rate of warming far exceeds the known thermal tolerances of reef-building corals, fueling concerns that these reefs may not survive 21st century climate change. However the same models project a concurrent strengthening of the EUC, a projection supported by observations. The EUC carries cool, nutrient-rich waters that upwell on the west sides of the equatorial islands, cooling the reefs and enhancing productivity locally. If the GCM projections are realized, a strengthening EUC could modulate the impact of ocean warming for these reefs by reducing the rate of warming and supporting energetically replete coral communities that survive bleaching. This proposal exploits the current El Niņo state of the tropical Pacific to test the following hypotheses: (1) Coral communities bathed in the nutrient-rich, productive waters of the central equatorial Pacific bleach during every El Niņo, but mortality is low and as a result, percent live cover remains high. (2) Localized EUC-enhanced productivity supports nutritionally replete coral communities, which metabolize existing lipid reserves to support energetic requirements during bleaching. (3) In addition, equatorial corals adopt a flexible feeding strategy, switching from direct nitrate uptake during nitrogen-rich (greater than 5 micromolar nitrate) La Niņa conditions to heterotrophic feeding during nitrogen-\"poor\" (less than 3 micromolar nitrate) El Niņo conditions. We propose that, fueled by exogenous sources, equatorial Pacific coral communities survive bleaching with limited mortality, coral cover remains high and coral growth rates quickly recover. If data generated under this project support our hypotheses, then the combination of oceanographic and political protections could maximize the potential for coral reef survival through the 21st century.";
    String projects_0_end_date "2016-11";
    String projects_0_geolocation "Central Tropical Pacific";
    String projects_0_name "Can Coral Reefs in the Central Pacific Survive Ocean Warming? A 2015 El Nino Test";
    String projects_0_project_nid "687813";
    String projects_0_start_date "2015-12";
    String publisher_name "Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)";
    String publisher_type "institution";
    String sourceUrl "(local files)";
    Float64 Southernmost_Northing 20.8;
    String standard_name_vocabulary "CF Standard Name Table v55";
    String subsetVariables "location,latitude,longitude";
    String summary "Annual calcification rate time series of Porites corals on Dongsha Atoll.";
    String title "Annual calcification rate time series of Porites corals on Dongsha Atoll";
    String version "1";
    Float64 Westernmost_Easting 116.7;
    String xml_source "osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3";
  }
}