Data Access Form

Dataset Title:	[Size and species of focal basslets] - Fish species preferences by predators in the Bahamas in 2013 (Mechanisms and Consequences of Fish Biodiversity Loss on Atlantic Coral Reefs Caused by Invasive Pacific Lionfish)
Institution:	BCO-DMO (Dataset ID: bcodmo_dataset_700288)
Information:	Summary \| License \| ISO 19115 \| Metadata \| Background \| Files \| Make a graph

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Variable	Minimum	Maximum
predator_ID (unitless)	"CECR_1"	"PTVO_8"
predator_species (unitless)	"CECR"	"PTVO"
predator_size (centimeters)	10.0	20.9
bass_treatment (unitless)	"GRLO.lg_GRME.lg"	"GRME.sm_GRME.lg"
bass_species (unitless)	"GRLO"	"NaN"
bass_size (unitless)	"NaN"	"small"
hunt_time (seconds)	0	599
strike_number (count)	0	15

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The Dataset Attribute Structure (.das) for this Dataset

Attributes {
 s {
  predator_ID {
    String bcodmo_name "sample";
    String description "Identification number for each predator observed";
    String long_name "Predator ID";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  predator_species {
    String bcodmo_name "species";
    String description "Species of predator (CECR = Cephalopholis cruentatus; PTVO = Pterois volitans)";
    String long_name "Predator Species";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  predator_size {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 10.0, 20.9;
    String bcodmo_name "fish_len";
    String description "Total body length of predator";
    String long_name "Predator Size";
    String units "centimeters";
  }
  bass_treatment {
    String bcodmo_name "treatment";
    String description "Combination of basslets (fairy vs. blackcap basslets) presented to predator in aquarium tank: (1) GRLO.sm_GRME.lg = small fairy vs. large blackcap; (2) GRME.sm_GRLO.lg = small blackcap vs. large fairy; (3) GRLO.sm_GRME.sm = small fairy vs. small blackcap; (4) GRLO.lg_GRME.lg = large fairy vs. large blackcap";
    String long_name "Bass Treatment";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  bass_species {
    String bcodmo_name "species";
    String description "Species of focal basslet (GRLO = fairy basslet; GRME = blackcap basslet)";
    String long_name "Bass Species";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  bass_size {
    String bcodmo_name "brief_desc";
    String description "Size of focal basslet (small or large)";
    String long_name "Bass Size";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  hunt_time {
    Int16 _FillValue 32767;
    Int16 actual_range 0, 599;
    String bcodmo_name "time_elapsed";
    String description "Time predator hunted focal basslet";
    String long_name "Hunt Time";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ELTMZZZZ/";
    String units "seconds";
  }
  strike_number {
    Byte _FillValue 127;
    String _Unsigned "false";
    Byte actual_range 0, 15;
    String bcodmo_name "count";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 100.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
    String description "Number of times predator struck at focal basslet";
    String long_name "Strike Number";
    String units "count";
  }
 }
  NC_GLOBAL {
    String access_formats ".htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv";
    String acquisition_description 
"We conducted all experimental trials in 50 gallon (ca. 190 l) acrylic aquarium
tanks (91.5 \\u00d7 38 \\u00d7 51 cm) with continuous flow-through seawater
systems. Food was withheld from predators for 24 h prior to observation to
ensure predator response to the presence of prey. Tanks were divided in half
with a removable central barrier of solid aluminum (Fig. 1). We released a
single predator into one side of the tank and placed 2 basslets in the other
side. Basslets were held in identical small glass containers (~500 ml) with
mesh covers (1 basslet per container) positioned in each corner of the tank.
These prey containers ensured that predators were able to receive both visual
and chemical cues from basslets, but could neither make physical contact nor
consume any basslets.
 
To determine whether the preference of predators for basslets was driven by
basslet species (fairy and blackcap) or basslet size (small and large:
1.7\\u20132.5 and 3.5\\u20135.2 cm TL, respectively) we presented pairs of
basslets in cross-factored combinations of the 2 variables, resulting in the
following treatments: (1) small fairy and large fairy, (2) small blackcap and
large blackcap, (3) small fairy and small blackcap, (4) large fairy and large
blackcap, (5) small fairy and large blackcap, and (6) large fairy and small
blackcap. In addition to randomizing the order of basslet treatments presented
to each predator, we also randomized the corner of the tank basslets were
placed in every time a treatment was presented.
 
Once the predator and basslets were in their respective sides of the tank, we
allowed them to acclimate for 20 min, after which we removed the central
barrier and observed the predator\\u2019s behavior for 10 min. Observations
were performed either in person (74 lionfish trials; 73 graysby trials) or
filmed with a digital video camera (16 lionfish trials; 17 graysby trials)
positioned outside of the tank. During each 10 min trial, we recorded (1)
which basslet the predator hunted first (initial hunting preference); (2) the
number of times the predator\\u2019s mouth made physical contact with each
glass container (number of strikes); and (3) the amount of time the predator
hunted each basslet (hunting time). We defined the hunting behavior of
lionfish as occurring when an individual directly faced a basslet with flared
pectoral fins and/or blew pulsed jets of water towards a basslet (Cure et al.
2012). We characterized graysby hunting behavior as occurring when an
individual positioned itself near a basslet (<10 cm in this experiment) while
directly facing the basslet (Webster 2004).
 
At the conclusion of the 10 min trial, we separated the predator from the
basslets and placed the central barrier back in the tank. A new combination of
basslets were placed in the glass containers, and all fish were allowed to
acclimate for 20 min before removing the barrier and observing predator
response for another 10 min. This procedure was repeated until all 6 basslet
treatments had been presented to each predator in random order.";
    String awards_0_award_nid "561016";
    String awards_0_award_number "OCE-1233027";
    String awards_0_data_url "http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1233027";
    String awards_0_funder_name "NSF Division of Ocean Sciences";
    String awards_0_funding_acronym "NSF OCE";
    String awards_0_funding_source_nid "355";
    String awards_0_program_manager "David L. Garrison";
    String awards_0_program_manager_nid "50534";
    String cdm_data_type "Other";
    String comment 
"Predator Hunting Preferences 
  M. Hixon and T. Kindinger 
  Version 16 May 2017";
    String Conventions "COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3";
    String creator_email "info@bco-dmo.org";
    String creator_name "BCO-DMO";
    String creator_type "institution";
    String creator_url "https://www.bco-dmo.org/";
    String data_source "extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019";
    String date_created "2017-05-18T19:29:16Z";
    String date_modified "2019-06-11T17:06:34Z";
    String defaultDataQuery "&amp;time&lt;now";
    String doi "10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.700288.1";
    String history 
"2024-12-31T08:38:20Z (local files)
2024-12-31T08:38:20Z https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_700288.html";
    String infoUrl "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/700288";
    String institution "BCO-DMO";
    String keywords "bass, bass_size, bass_species, bass_treatment, bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, data, dataset, dmo, erddap, hunt, hunt_time, management, number, oceanography, office, predator, predator_ID, predator_size, predator_species, preliminary, size, species, strike, strike_number, time, treatment";
    String license "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/700288/license";
    String metadata_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/700288";
    String param_mapping "{'700288': {}}";
    String parameter_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/700288/parameters";
    String people_0_affiliation "University of Hawaii";
    String people_0_person_name "Mark Hixon";
    String people_0_person_nid "51647";
    String people_0_role "Principal Investigator";
    String people_0_role_type "originator";
    String people_1_affiliation "Old Dominion University";
    String people_1_affiliation_acronym "ODU";
    String people_1_person_name "Emily Anderson";
    String people_1_person_nid "700797";
    String people_1_role "Scientist";
    String people_1_role_type "originator";
    String people_2_affiliation "Oregon State University";
    String people_2_affiliation_acronym "OSU";
    String people_2_person_name "Tye L. Kindinger";
    String people_2_person_nid "51707";
    String people_2_role "Contact";
    String people_2_role_type "related";
    String people_3_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
    String people_3_affiliation_acronym "WHOI BCO-DMO";
    String people_3_person_name "Hannah Ake";
    String people_3_person_nid "650173";
    String people_3_role "BCO-DMO Data Manager";
    String people_3_role_type "related";
    String project "BiodiversityLossEffects_lionfish";
    String projects_0_acronym "BiodiversityLossEffects_lionfish";
    String projects_0_description 
"The Pacific red lionfish (Pterois volitans), a popular aquarium fish, was introduced to the Atlantic Ocean in the vicinity of Florida in the late 20th century. Voraciously consuming small native coral-reef fishes, including the juveniles of fisheries and ecologically important species, the invader has undergone a population explosion that now ranges from the U.S. southeastern seaboard to the Gulf of Mexico and across the greater Caribbean region. The PI's past research determined that invasive lionfish (1) have escaped their natural enemies in the Pacific (lionfish are much less abundant in their native range); (2) are not yet controlled by Atlantic predators, competitors, or parasites; (3) have strong negative effects on populations of native Atlantic fishes; and (4) locally reduce the diversity (number of species) of native fishes. The lionfish invasion has been recognized as one of the major conservation threats worldwide.
The Bahamas support the highest abundances of invasive lionfish globally. This system thus provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the direct and indirect effects of a major invader on a diverse community, as well as the underlying causative mechanisms. The PI will focus on five related questions: (1) How does long-term predation by lionfish alter the structure of native reef-fish communities? (2) How does lionfish predation destabilize native prey population dynamics, possibly causing local extinctions? (3) Is there a lionfish-herbivore-seaweed trophic cascade on invaded reefs? (4) How do lionfish modify cleaning mutualisms on invaded reefs? (5) Are lionfish reaching densities where natural population limits are evident?";
    String projects_0_end_date "2016-07";
    String projects_0_geolocation "Three Bahamian sites: 24.8318, -076.3299;  23.8562, -076.2250; 23.7727, -076.1071; Caribbean Netherlands: 12.1599, -068.2820";
    String projects_0_name "Mechanisms and Consequences of Fish Biodiversity Loss on Atlantic Coral Reefs Caused by Invasive Pacific Lionfish";
    String projects_0_project_nid "561017";
    String projects_0_project_website "http://hixon.science.oregonstate.edu/content/highlight-lionfish-invasion";
    String projects_0_start_date "2012-08";
    String publisher_name "Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)";
    String publisher_type "institution";
    String sourceUrl "(local files)";
    String standard_name_vocabulary "CF Standard Name Table v55";
    String summary "Fish species preferences by predators in the Bahamas in 2013";
    String title "[Size and species of focal basslets] - Fish species preferences by predators in the Bahamas in 2013 (Mechanisms and Consequences of Fish Biodiversity Loss on Atlantic Coral Reefs Caused by Invasive Pacific Lionfish)";
    String version "1";
    String xml_source "osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3";
  }
}

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