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| Dataset Title: | [Core stress bands] - Stress bands in coral cores for corals from Palau reefs (Constraining Thermal Thresholds and Projections of Temperature Stress on Pacific Coral Reefs Over the 21st Century: Method Refinement and Application) 
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| Institution: | BCO-DMO (Dataset ID: bcodmo_dataset_709415) |
| Range: | longitude = 134.22 to 134.562°E, latitude = 7.16 to 7.822°N |
| Information: | Summary
| License
| FGDC
| ISO 19115
| Metadata
| Background
| Data Access Form
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Zoom: ![[The graph you specified. Please be patient.]](https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_709415.png?longitude,latitude&.draw=markers&.marker=5%7C5&.color=0x000000&.colorBar=%7C%7C%7C%7C%7C&.bgColor=0xffccccff)
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Attributes {
s {
reef_type {
String bcodmo_name "site_descrip";
String description "Reef environment at core collection site (Barrier or Lagoon)";
String long_name "Reef Type";
String units "unitless";
}
site {
String bcodmo_name "site";
String description "Name of reef site where cores were collected";
String long_name "Site";
String units "unitless";
}
latitude {
String _CoordinateAxisType "Lat";
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 actual_range 7.16, 7.822;
String axis "Y";
String bcodmo_name "latitude";
Float64 colorBarMaximum 90.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum -90.0;
String description "Latitude of the reef site; North = positive";
String ioos_category "Location";
String long_name "Latitude";
String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/";
String standard_name "latitude";
String units "degrees_north";
}
longitude {
String _CoordinateAxisType "Lon";
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
Float64 actual_range 134.22, 134.562;
String axis "X";
String bcodmo_name "longitude";
Float64 colorBarMaximum 180.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum -180.0;
String description "Longitude of the reef site; East = positive";
String ioos_category "Location";
String long_name "Longitude";
String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/";
String standard_name "longitude";
String units "degrees_east";
}
coral_id {
String bcodmo_name "sample";
String description "Unique coral identification number";
String long_name "Coral Id";
String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/";
String units "unitless";
}
date_collected {
String bcodmo_name "date";
String description "Date (month and year) of coral core collection";
String long_name "Date Collected";
String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/";
String units "unitless";
}
date_range {
String bcodmo_name "date_range";
String description "Range of years for which skeletal growth was analyzed";
String long_name "Date Range";
String units "unitless";
}
stress_band_1998 {
String bcodmo_name "sample_descrip";
String description "Signifies whether the core contained a stress band in 1998; + indicates stress band, - indicates no stress band, n.d. signifies no data collected";
String long_name "Stress Band 1998";
String units "unitless";
}
stress_band_2010 {
String bcodmo_name "sample_descrip";
String description "Signifies whether the core contained a stress band in 2010 + indicates stress band, - indicates no stress band, n.d. signifies no data collected";
String long_name "Stress Band 2010";
String units "unitless";
}
}
NC_GLOBAL {
String access_formats ".htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson";
String acquisition_description
"Coral skeletal core collection:\\u00a0We collected 101 skeletal cores from
massive Porites coral colonies at ten reef sites representing two major reef
environments, barrier reef and lagoon, the latter including fringing reefs
around the uplifted karst Rock Islands. The two environments are broadly
distinguishable in both physical (flow, temperature, and light regimes) and
chemical (carbon system parameters, salinity) characteristics with generally
higher flow, light, pH, and salinity and lower SST on the barrier reefs
(Shamberger et al. 2014; Barkley et al. 2015).
\\u00a0
Skeletal cores (20-40 cm in length) were collected in April 2011, September
2011, April 2012, August 2014, and January 2015 vertically from live coral
colonies at 1-6 m depth using pneumatic drills with 3.8 cm diameter diamond
drill bits. Core holes were filled with cement plugs hammered flush with the
colony surface and sealed with underwater epoxy. Visual inspections of
colonies 6-12 months after coring revealed significant overgrowth of plugs and
no long-term impacts to the corals. Coral cores were oven-dried and scanned
with a Siemens Volume Zoom Helical Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner at
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 3-D CT scans of coral cores were
analyzed using OsiriX freeware to visualize the 3-D image (Cantin et al. 2010;
Crook et al. 2013) and an automated MATLAB code to quantify skeletal growth
parameters and stress banding (DeCarlo et al. 2015).\\u00a0
Stress bands: Coral cores that included growth records prior to 1998 were
assessed for the presence of high-density stress bands associated with
elevated temperatures in 1998 (n = 86), and all cores were examined for stress
bands in 2010. A stress band was defined as a region of the coral core > 1 mm
in height and extending the entire width of the core where density values
exceeded two standard deviations of the whole-core density mean. We defined a
minimum band thickness in order to filter out smaller-scale density
variability and high-density noise. A value of 1 mm for this thickness
threshold was selected based on the average linear extension rates of Palau
Porites corals (0.88 cm yr-1, interquartile range = 0.35 cm yr-1), where 1 mm
represents, on average, approximately 10% of overall annual linear extension.
High-density anomalies of this width therefore represent significant
perturbations in growth. Density thresholds were set based on standard
deviations from mean values in order to account for significant differences in
density means and variability between individuals. Density values were
normally distributed within coral cores, and values greater than two standard
deviations were defined as the threshold for a stress band. This threshold was
selected to aid in the identification of only the most anomalously high-
density areas (i.e., areas with densities greater than approximately 95% of
all values) while also minimizing the probability of type II errors in coral
cores where stress bands exist but high-density values are slightly less
extreme. Stress bands were identified as occurring within a particular year
(specifically, 1998 and 2010) based on annual patterns of density banding, in
which successive low density bands were counted down from the top of the core
and subsequently dated based on the known date of collection. Although a small
number of coral skeletal cores had occasional high-density regions in
additional years, we did not consistently detect stress bands corresponding to
years other than 1998 and 2010.
The percentage of Porites corals with stress bands was compared with community
bleaching data for each reef site collected during the 1998 and 2010 high-
temperature events. Bleaching data from 1998 were collected at nine reef sites
in November 1998 using a point-intercept technique with three replicate 20-m
transect surveys per site conducted at 3-5 m depth (Bruno et al. 2001). A
subset of six of these nine sites was used to compare bleaching data to stress
band records based on proximity to our core collection sites. Data from 2010
were collected at 80 randomly assigned reef sites in July and August 2010 with
three replicate 30-m transect surveys conducted at 2-5 m depth (van Woesik et
al. 2012).\\u00a0 A subset of 31 of these sites was included in this study.
Because in situ bleaching data were collected at randomized locations, the
spatial matches between sites with bleaching data and sites with coral cores
were not always exact. Therefore, for each coral core collection site, we
averaged bleaching data from the two or three sites that both fell within a
10-km radius of each core site and that represented the same environment type
to calculate a community bleaching estimate. Bleaching information about
specific coral colonies from which we collected cores was not available.";
String awards_0_award_nid "560427";
String awards_0_award_number "OCE-1031971";
String awards_0_data_url "http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1031971";
String awards_0_funder_name "NSF Division of Ocean Sciences";
String awards_0_funding_acronym "NSF OCE";
String awards_0_funding_source_nid "355";
String awards_0_program_manager "David L. Garrison";
String awards_0_program_manager_nid "50534";
String cdm_data_type "Other";
String comment
"Core stress bands
PI: Anne Cohen (WHOI)
Contact: Hannah Barkley (WHOI)
Version: 10 July 2017";
String Conventions "COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3";
String creator_email "info@bco-dmo.org";
String creator_name "BCO-DMO";
String creator_type "institution";
String creator_url "https://www.bco-dmo.org/";
String data_source "extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019";
String date_created "2017-07-21T16:59:24Z";
String date_modified "2019-08-02T16:23:32Z";
String defaultDataQuery "&time<now";
String doi "10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.709415.1";
Float64 Easternmost_Easting 134.562;
Float64 geospatial_lat_max 7.822;
Float64 geospatial_lat_min 7.16;
String geospatial_lat_units "degrees_north";
Float64 geospatial_lon_max 134.562;
Float64 geospatial_lon_min 134.22;
String geospatial_lon_units "degrees_east";
String history
"2024-11-08T05:38:54Z (local files)
2024-11-08T05:38:54Z https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_709415.das";
String infoUrl "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/709415";
String institution "BCO-DMO";
String instruments_0_acronym "CT Scanner";
String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description "Siemens Volume Zoom Helical Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner";
String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid "709422";
String instruments_0_description "A CT scan makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual \"slices\") of specific areas of a scanned object.";
String instruments_0_instrument_name "Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner";
String instruments_0_instrument_nid "707113";
String instruments_0_supplied_name "Siemens Volume Zoom Helical Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner";
String keywords "band, bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, collected, coral, coral_id, data, dataset, date, date_collected, date_range, dmo, erddap, latitude, longitude, management, oceanography, office, preliminary, range, reef, reef_type, site, stress, stress_band_1998, stress_band_2010, type";
String license "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/709415/license";
String metadata_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/709415";
Float64 Northernmost_Northing 7.822;
String param_mapping "{'709415': {'latitude': 'flag - latitude', 'longitude': 'flag - longitude'}}";
String parameter_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/709415/parameters";
String people_0_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
String people_0_affiliation_acronym "WHOI";
String people_0_person_name "Anne L Cohen";
String people_0_person_nid "51428";
String people_0_role "Principal Investigator";
String people_0_role_type "originator";
String people_1_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
String people_1_affiliation_acronym "WHOI";
String people_1_person_name "Hannah Barkley";
String people_1_person_nid "560803";
String people_1_role "Contact";
String people_1_role_type "related";
String people_2_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
String people_2_affiliation_acronym "WHOI BCO-DMO";
String people_2_person_name "Shannon Rauch";
String people_2_person_nid "51498";
String people_2_role "BCO-DMO Data Manager";
String people_2_role_type "related";
String project "Thermal Thresholds and Projections";
String projects_0_acronym "Thermal Thresholds and Projections";
String projects_0_description
"Description from NSF award abstract:
Sea surface temperature (SST) across much of the global tropics has increased by 0.5-1 degrees C in the past 4 decades and, with it, the frequency and geographic extent of coral bleaching events and reef mortality. As levels of atmospheric CO2 continue to rise, there is mounting concern that CO2-induced climate change will pose the single greatest threat to the survival of coral reefs. Averaged output of 21 IPCC climate models for a mid-range CO2 emissions scenario predicts that tropical SSTs will increase another 1.5-3 degrees C by the end of this century. Combined with current estimates of thermal thresholds for coral bleaching, the outlook for the future of coral-reef ecosystems, worldwide, appears bleak. There are several key issues that limit accurate predictions of the full and lasting impact of rising SSTs. These include (1) level of confidence in the spatial and temporal patterns of the predicted warming, (2) knowledge of thermal thresholds of different reef-building coral species, and (3) the potential for corals to increase resistance to thermal stress through repeated exposure to high temperature events.
New skeletal markers have been developed that constrain the thermal thresholds and adaptive potential of multiple, individual coral colonies across 3-D space and through time. The method, based on 3-D CAT scan reconstructions of coral skeletons, has generated initial data from two coral species in the Red Sea, Great Barrier Reef and Phoenix Islands. Results showed that large, abrupt declines in skeletal growth occur at thresholds of accumulated heat stress defined by NOAA's Degree Heating Weeks Index (DHWs). In addition, there was a significant correlation between host lipid reserve, an independent measure of stress and mortality risk, and rates of skeletal growth. Because the coral skeleton archives the history of each coral's response to and recovery from successive, documented thermal anomalies, this approach pinpoints the thermal thresholds for sub-lethal impacts, the recovery time (if any) following a return to normal oceanographic conditions, and tests for a dampened response following successive events, indicative of acclimation.
This research program builds on initial work, focusing on method refinement and application to corals on two central Pacific reefs. With contrasting thermal histories, these reefs are considered at greatest risk from future ocean warming. In parallel, new experiments will be run on an ocean general-circulation model (OGCM) that is well suited to the tropical Pacific and of sufficiently high resolution, both horizontal and vertical, to maximize projections of thermal stress on specific central Pacific Reef sites over the next few decades. The OGCM output will also be of sufficient temporal resolution to compute DHWs, thus addressing a major limitation of the direct application of global climate model output (as archived for the IPCC AR4) toward coral-reef studies. Specifically, this study will: (1) collect multiple new, medium-length (15-30 yrs) cores and branches from two dominant reef-building species at 1-30m depth in the Gilbert and Jarvis Islands, central tropical Pacific; (2) apply 3-D CAT scanning and image analysis techniques to quantify systematically thermal thresholds, rates of recovery and resilience for each species, at each reef site and with depth; (3) quantify energetic reserve and symbiont genotype amongst thermally more- and less- resilient colonies, establishing a quantitative link between calcification stress and mortality risk, and determining the physiological basis for calcification responses to thermal stress; (4) use an OGCM specifically tailored to the tropical Pacific to produce a dynamically consistent set of forecasts for near-term climate change at the target reef sites; and (5) combine coral data with model output and refine the projected thermal stress forecast, in degree heating weeks, for corals in this central Pacific Island group over the 21st century.";
String projects_0_end_date "2014-09";
String projects_0_name "Constraining Thermal Thresholds and Projections of Temperature Stress on Pacific Coral Reefs Over the 21st Century: Method Refinement and Application";
String projects_0_project_nid "560428";
String projects_0_start_date "2010-10";
String publisher_name "Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)";
String publisher_type "institution";
String sourceUrl "(local files)";
Float64 Southernmost_Northing 7.16;
String standard_name_vocabulary "CF Standard Name Table v55";
String summary "Stress bands in coral cores for corals from Palau reefs.";
String title "[Core stress bands] - Stress bands in coral cores for corals from Palau reefs (Constraining Thermal Thresholds and Projections of Temperature Stress on Pacific Coral Reefs Over the 21st Century: Method Refinement and Application)";
String version "1";
Float64 Westernmost_Easting 134.22;
String xml_source "osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3";
}
}
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