Attributes {
 s {
  site_name {
    String bcodmo_name "site";
    String description "name of the site";
    String long_name "Site Name";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  latitude {
    String _CoordinateAxisType "Lat";
    Float64 _FillValue NaN;
    Float64 actual_range 34.66667, 34.66667;
    String axis "Y";
    String bcodmo_name "latitude";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 90.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum -90.0;
    String description "Our investigation of seagrass edge effects on mesopredators and larger predators took place in Back Sound, North Carolina (34 degrees 40 minutes North, 76 degrees 34 minutes West).";
    String ioos_category "Location";
    String long_name "Latitude";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/";
    String standard_name "latitude";
    String units "degrees_north";
  }
  longitude {
    String _CoordinateAxisType "Lon";
    Float64 _FillValue NaN;
    Float64 actual_range -76.56667, -76.56667;
    String axis "X";
    String bcodmo_name "longitude";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 180.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum -180.0;
    String description "Our investigation of seagrass edge effects on mesopredators and larger predators took place in Back Sound, North Carolina (34 degrees 40 minutes North, 76 degrees 34 minutes West).";
    String ioos_category "Location";
    String long_name "Longitude";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/";
    String standard_name "longitude";
    String units "degrees_east";
  }
  species {
    String bcodmo_name "common_name";
    String description "Speceies of observation; Crab = blue crab (Callinectes sapidus); Pinfish = pinfish (lagodon rhomboides)";
    String long_name "Species";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  replicate {
    Int16 _FillValue 32767;
    Int16 actual_range 1, 336;
    String bcodmo_name "unknown";
    String description "Number on float to uniquely ID each tethered prey during each experimental trial.";
    String long_name "Replicate";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  start_date {
    Int32 _FillValue 2147483647;
    Int32 actual_range 20150610, 20150624;
    String bcodmo_name "start_date";
    String description "Date on which tethers were deployed (monitored over 24 hours) in YYYYMMDD format";
    String long_name "Start Date";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  tether_along_edge {
    String bcodmo_name "unknown";
    String description "Identifier for which the side of the seagrass meadow the species was tethered to. E = Edge (0-1m from seagrass-sandflat boundary); I = Interior (>3m from seagrass-sandflat boundary)";
    String long_name "Tether Along Edge";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  shoot_density {
    String bcodmo_name "unknown";
    String description "Denisty of seagrass in tethering plot. (A = ambient; 50 = 50% Reduction; 80 = 80% Reduction)";
    String long_name "Shoot Density";
    String units "percent (pcnt)";
  }
  prey_size {
    Byte _FillValue 127;
    Byte actual_range 22, 76;
    String bcodmo_name "length";
    String description "carapace width of blue crabs or the standard length of pinfish";
    String long_name "Prey Size";
    String units "milimeters (mm)";
  }
  time_on_tether {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 0.01, 24.0;
    String bcodmo_name "duration";
    String description "duration time on tether";
    String long_name "Time On Tether";
    String units "hours";
  }
 }
  NC_GLOBAL {
    String access_formats ".htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson";
    String acquisition_description "We utilized tethering trials as a proxy of predator-driven mortality of blue
crabs and pinfish within edge and interior regions of the seagrass meadow at
Jack\\u2019s Island. Our design consisted of 21 \\\"edge\\\" (0-1 m from seagrass-
sandflat boundary) and 21 \\\"interior\\\"(>3 m from seagrass-sandflat boundary)
plots, with each plot defined by two 1x1-m subplots separated from each other
by 0.5 m (but with the entirety of each plot being at the suitable distance
for edge/interior designations). Each of the 42 total plots were separated
from one another by >2 m. For both the edge and interior treatments, seagrass
shoot density was reduced by 50% in a third of the plots, seagrass shoot
density was reduced by 80% in another third of the plots, and seagrass shoot
density was left at ambient in the final third of plots (all randomly
assigned). This resulted in a 2x3 experimental design in which meadow location
and shoot density were fully crossed. Reduction of shoot densities was
achieved by deploying a 1x1-m quadrant with a 10x10 grid (with each grid cell
= 0.01 m2). We then removed all seagrass in 50 or 80 of the cells for the 50%
and 80% reduction treatments, respectively. The resultant shoot densities were
as follows: ambient treatments had a mean of 575 shoots m-2, 50% reduction
treatments had a mean of 283 shoots m-2, and 80% reduction treatments had a
mean of 124 shoots m-2.
 
We deployed 126 tethered blue crabs (5.2 \\u00b1 0.1 cm carapace width) and 168
tethered pinfish (5.1 \\u00b1 0.1 cm total length) in plots over three and four
trials, respectively. We ran one less trial with blue crabs due to the
availability of specimens within our preferred size range during our
experimental window. All crabs and pinfish were collected via small trawl on
the day before deployment. During each trial, a tethered blue crab was
randomly assigned to one of the subplots within each plot, while a tethered
pinfish was placed in the remaining subplot (i.e., 42 juvenile blue crabs and
42 pinfish were deployed in a trial). Each tethering device consisted of a
lawn staple as an anchor placed in the center of a subplot, connected to a
30-cm long section of 3.6-kg clear monofilament fishing line. For blue crabs,
the free end of the monofilament was glued to the center of the crab\\u2019s
carapace after making a lasso around the crab\\u2019s body. Blue crabs had each
of their claws glued shut using Loctite super glue gel to prevent them from
cutting the tether. Pinfish were tethered through the soft tissue immediately
behind their lower jaw bone by piercing this tissue, threading the line
through the piercing, and the tying an overhand knot in the line. As a method
check, we individually tethered >40 blue crabs and >20 pinfish in laboratory
tanks outfitted with artificial seagrass. Over a 4-day period, none of the
tethered animals became free, tethered pinfish did not behave noticeably
different that untethered pinfish also in the tank, and tethered animals did
not become entangled in artificial seagrass blades.
 
Tethered blue crabs and pinfish were deployed in our field experiment ~3 hours
before daytime high tides. Following deployment, each tethered animal was
checked after 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 24 hours to assess loss rates
(presumably via predation). Individual blue crabs or pinfish missing at the
1-, 2-, 3-, and 24-hour checks were randomly assigned a survival time ranging
between 0-1, 1-2, 2-3, and 3-24 hours, respectively, to acknowledge that we
could not be sure within check intervals when predation occurred. Furthermore,
this approach insured that we did not artificially reduce variances among
replicates. Any animal remaining on its tether after 24 hours was assigned a
survival time of 24 hours, and then released.";
    String awards_0_award_nid "714025";
    String awards_0_award_number "OCE-1635950";
    String awards_0_data_url "http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1635950";
    String awards_0_funder_name "NSF Division of Ocean Sciences";
    String awards_0_funding_acronym "NSF OCE";
    String awards_0_funding_source_nid "355";
    String awards_0_program_manager "Michael E. Sieracki";
    String awards_0_program_manager_nid "50446";
    String cdm_data_type "Other";
    String comment "Nekton predation in seagrass 
 PI: FJ Fodrie  
 Version: 2017-08-29";
    String Conventions "COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3";
    String creator_email "info@bco-dmo.org";
    String creator_name "BCO-DMO";
    String creator_type "institution";
    String creator_url "https://www.bco-dmo.org/";
    String data_source "extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019";
    String date_created "2017-09-05T17:10:59Z";
    String date_modified "2019-03-01T18:26:25Z";
    String defaultDataQuery "&time<now";
    String doi "10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.714252.1";
    Float64 Easternmost_Easting -76.56667;
    Float64 geospatial_lat_max 34.66667;
    Float64 geospatial_lat_min 34.66667;
    String geospatial_lat_units "degrees_north";
    Float64 geospatial_lon_max -76.56667;
    Float64 geospatial_lon_min -76.56667;
    String geospatial_lon_units "degrees_east";
    String history "2024-05-03T12:44:56Z (local files)
2024-05-03T12:44:56Z https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_714252.das";
    String infoUrl "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/714252";
    String institution "BCO-DMO";
    String instruments_0_acronym "Custom Trawl";
    String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description "All crabs and pinfish were collected via small trawl on the day before deployment.";
    String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid "714256";
    String instruments_0_description "A net towed through  the water column designed to sample free-swimming nekton or fish, varies in design depending on the research project.";
    String instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/23/";
    String instruments_0_instrument_name "Trawl_custom";
    String instruments_0_instrument_nid "634";
    String instruments_0_supplied_name "small trawl";
    String keywords "along, bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, data, dataset, date, density, dmo, edge, erddap, latitude, longitude, management, name, oceanography, office, preliminary, prey, prey_size, replicate, shoot, shoot_density, site, site_name, size, species, start, start_date, tether, tether_along_edge, time, time_on_tether";
    String license "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/714252/license";
    String metadata_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/714252";
    Float64 Northernmost_Northing 34.66667;
    String param_mapping "{'714252': {'lat': 'flag - latitude', 'lon': 'flag - longitude'}}";
    String parameter_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/714252/parameters";
    String people_0_affiliation "University of North Carolina - Morehead City";
    String people_0_affiliation_acronym "UNC-MC";
    String people_0_person_name "Dr F. Joel Fodrie";
    String people_0_person_nid "559341";
    String people_0_role "Principal Investigator";
    String people_0_role_type "originator";
    String people_1_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
    String people_1_affiliation_acronym "WHOI BCO-DMO";
    String people_1_person_name "Mathew Biddle";
    String people_1_person_nid "708682";
    String people_1_role "BCO-DMO Data Manager";
    String people_1_role_type "related";
    String project "Habitat Fragmentation";
    String projects_0_acronym "Habitat Fragmentation";
    String projects_0_description "Amount and quality of habitat is thought to be of fundamental importance to maintaining coastal marine ecosystems. This research will use large-scale field experiments to help understand how and why fish populations respond to fragmentation of seagrass habitats. The question is complex because increased fragmentation in seagrass beds decreases the amount and also the configuration of the habitat (one patch splits into many, patches become further apart, the amount of edge increases, etc). Previous work by the investigators in natural seagrass meadows provided evidence that fragmentation interacts with amount of habitat to influence the community dynamics of fishes in coastal marine landscapes. Specifically, fragmentation had no effect when the habitat was large, but had a negative effect when habitat was smaller. In this study, the investigators will build artificial seagrass habitat to use in a series of manipulative field experiments at an ambitious scale. The results will provide new, more specific information about how coastal fish community dynamics are affected by changes in overall amount and fragmentation of seagrass habitat, in concert with factors such as disturbance, larval dispersal, and wave energy. The project will support two early-career investigators, inform habitat conservation strategies for coastal management, and provide training opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students. The investigators plan to target students from underrepresented groups for the research opportunities.
Building on previous research in seagrass environments, this research will conduct a series of field experiments approach at novel, yet relevant scales, to test how habitat area and fragmentation affect fish diversity and productivity. Specifically, 15 by 15-m seagrass beds will be created using artificial seagrass units (ASUs) that control for within-patch-level (~1-10 m2) factors such as shoot density and length. The investigators will employ ASUs to manipulate total habitat area and the degree of fragmentation within seagrass beds in a temperate estuary in North Carolina. In year one, response of the fishes that colonize these landscapes will be measured as abundance, biomass, community structure, as well as taxonomic and functional diversity. Targeted ASU removals will then follow to determine species-specific responses to habitat disturbance. In year two, the landscape array and sampling regime will be doubled, and half of the landscapes will be seeded with post-larval fish of low dispersal ability to test whether pre- or post-recruitment processes drive landscape-scale patterns. In year three, the role of wave exposure (a natural driver of seagrass fragmentation) in mediating fish community response to landscape configuration will be tested by deploying ASU meadows across low and high energy environments.";
    String projects_0_end_date "2019-08";
    String projects_0_geolocation "North Carolina";
    String projects_0_name "Collaborative Research: Habitat fragmentation effects on fish diversity at landscape scales: experimental tests of multiple mechanisms";
    String projects_0_project_nid "714026";
    String projects_0_start_date "2016-09";
    String publisher_name "Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)";
    String publisher_type "institution";
    String sourceUrl "(local files)";
    Float64 Southernmost_Northing 34.66667;
    String standard_name_vocabulary "CF Standard Name Table v55";
    String subsetVariables "site_name,latitude,longitude";
    String summary "Our investigation of seagrass edge effects on mesopredators and larger predators took place in Back Sound, North Carolina (34 degrees 40 minutes North, 76 degrees 34 minutes West). Predation-driven mortality (loss rates of tethered individuals) of blue crabs and pinfish were monitored within a 5,600 m2 seagrass meadow at Jack's Island along the southern rim of Back Sound. These predation measurements were collected during June-July, 2015, in connection with the global-scale Zostera Experimental Network study.";
    String title "Relative predation intensity within temperate seagrass habitat during June 2015 (Habitat_Fragmentation project)";
    String version "1";
    Float64 Westernmost_Easting -76.56667;
    String xml_source "osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3";
  }
}