Attributes {
 s {
  UIN {
    Byte _FillValue 127;
    String _Unsigned "false";
    Byte actual_range 1, 10;
    String bcodmo_name "sample";
    String description "unique identifying number (site specific)";
    String long_name "UIN";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  Gulf {
    String bcodmo_name "region";
    String description "locations in Pacific Panama: Chiriqui and Panama";
    String long_name "Gulf";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  Site {
    String bcodmo_name "site";
    String description "experimental site: Pedro is Pedro Gonzalez and Canales is Canales de Tierra";
    String long_name "Site";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  latitude {
    String _CoordinateAxisType "Lat";
    Float64 _FillValue NaN;
    Float64 actual_range 7.4033, 8.6312;
    String axis "Y";
    String bcodmo_name "latitude";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 90.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum -90.0;
    String description "latitude in decimal degrees north";
    String ioos_category "Location";
    String long_name "Latitude";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/";
    String standard_name "latitude";
    String units "degrees_north";
  }
  longitude {
    String _CoordinateAxisType "Lon";
    Float64 _FillValue NaN;
    Float64 actual_range -81.759, -79.0283;
    String axis "X";
    String bcodmo_name "longitude";
    Float64 colorBarMaximum 180.0;
    Float64 colorBarMinimum -180.0;
    String description "longitude in decimal degrees east";
    String ioos_category "Location";
    String long_name "Longitude";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/";
    String standard_name "longitude";
    String units "degrees_east";
  }
  GrowthPeriod {
    String bcodmo_name "duration";
    String description "duration of deployment: Syy-Syy = spring of 2018 to 2019";
    String long_name "Growth Period";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  CoralID {
    Byte _FillValue 127;
    String _Unsigned "false";
    Byte actual_range 1, 60;
    String bcodmo_name "sample";
    String description "identification of each coral sample";
    String long_name "Coral ID";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  InitialHeight_Perp {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 36.83, 77.98;
    String bcodmo_name "height";
    String description "the height of the coral frag when deployed in March 2018";
    String long_name "Initial Height Perp";
    String units "millimeters (mm)";
  }
  FinalHeight_Long {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 21.0, 107.0;
    String bcodmo_name "height";
    String description "the height of the coral colony after it was retrieved in March 2019";
    String long_name "Final Height Long";
    String units "millimeters (mm)";
  }
  ChangeHeight_Long {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range -46.09, 53.4;
    String bcodmo_name "height";
    String description "the difference in heights of the colony over the course of a year";
    String long_name "Change Height Long";
    String units "millimeters (mm)";
  }
  Initial_Max_Width {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 34.35, 119.99;
    String bcodmo_name "width";
    String description "the largest width of the colony in 2018";
    String long_name "Initial Max Width";
    String units "millimeters (mm)";
  }
  Final_Max_Width {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 29.0, 150.6;
    String bcodmo_name "width";
    String description "the largest width of the colony in 2019";
    String long_name "Final Max Width";
    String units "millimeters (mm)";
  }
  Initial_Trunk_Diam {
    Float64 _FillValue NaN;
    String bcodmo_name "diameter";
    String description "the width of the trunk of the coral frag in March 2018";
    String long_name "Initial Trunk Diam";
    String units "millimeters (mm)";
  }
  Final_Trunk_Diam {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 11.0, 106.5;
    String bcodmo_name "diameter";
    String description "the width of the trunk of the coral colony in March 2019";
    String long_name "Final Trunk Diam";
    String units "millimeters (mm)";
  }
  InitialMass {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 49.6, 125.4;
    String bcodmo_name "mass";
    String description "the buoyant weight of the coral frag in March 2018";
    String long_name "Initial Mass";
    String units "grams (g)";
  }
  FinalMass {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 33.1, 236.0;
    String bcodmo_name "mass";
    String description "the buoyant weight of the coral frag in March 2019";
    String long_name "Final Mass";
    String units "grams (g)";
  }
  ChangeMass {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range -62.7, 140.5;
    String bcodmo_name "mass";
    String description "the difference between the final and initial weights of the colonies";
    String long_name "Change Mass";
    String units "grams (g)";
  }
  Notes {
    String bcodmo_name "comment";
    String description "comments";
    String long_name "Notes";
    String units "unitless";
  }
 }
  NC_GLOBAL {
    String access_formats ".htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson";
    String acquisition_description "Before deployment, Pocillopora\\u00a0coral fragments\\u2019 maximum height and
width were measured using calipers. Buoyant weight was measured by attaching
the coral fragment to a line and scale. Each coral was lowered into the water
and mass was measured to find buoyant weight. The corals were placed on cement
blocks and left in-situ for 12 months in the Gulfs of Panama and Chiriqui.
After the time period, the colonies were collected and the same procedures
were followed to measure final mass, height, and width of the colonies.
Changes in height and mass were calculated in Microsoft excel.
 
See related data for 2016-2018 coral growth: [https://www.bco-
dmo.org/dataset/747484](\\\\\"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/747484\\\\\")";
    String awards_0_award_nid "655898";
    String awards_0_award_number "OCE-1535007";
    String awards_0_data_url "http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1535007";
    String awards_0_funder_name "NSF Division of Ocean Sciences";
    String awards_0_funding_acronym "NSF OCE";
    String awards_0_funding_source_nid "355";
    String awards_0_program_manager "Michael E. Sieracki";
    String awards_0_program_manager_nid "50446";
    String cdm_data_type "Other";
    String comment "Height, width, and mass of Pocillopora damicornis in Pacific Panama, 2018-2019 
   PI: Aronson, R.B. (FIT), L. Toth (USGS) 
   Version date: 2019-10-24 
     [replaces version 2019-09-09: revised FinalMass and ChangeMass values]";
    String Conventions "COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3";
    String creator_email "info@bco-dmo.org";
    String creator_name "BCO-DMO";
    String creator_type "institution";
    String creator_url "https://www.bco-dmo.org/";
    String data_source "extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019";
    String date_created "2019-09-09T20:12:01Z";
    String date_modified "2019-10-24T13:05:24Z";
    String defaultDataQuery "&time<now";
    String doi "10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.776346.2";
    Float64 Easternmost_Easting -79.0283;
    Float64 geospatial_lat_max 8.6312;
    Float64 geospatial_lat_min 7.4033;
    String geospatial_lat_units "degrees_north";
    Float64 geospatial_lon_max -79.0283;
    Float64 geospatial_lon_min -81.759;
    String geospatial_lon_units "degrees_east";
    String history "2024-11-08T08:50:13Z (local files)
2024-11-08T08:50:13Z https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_776346.das";
    String infoUrl "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/776346";
    String institution "BCO-DMO";
    String instruments_0_acronym "Scale";
    String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description "A rigged scale that allows one to measure the weight of an object in the water; buoyant weight was measured.";
    String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid "776355";
    String instruments_0_description "An instrument used to measure weight or mass.";
    String instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB13/";
    String instruments_0_instrument_name "Scale";
    String instruments_0_instrument_nid "714";
    String instruments_0_supplied_name "weight";
    String keywords "bco, bco-dmo, biological, change, ChangeHeight_Long, ChangeMass, chemical, coral, CoralID, data, dataset, diam, dmo, erddap, final, Final_Max_Width, Final_Trunk_Diam, FinalHeight_Long, FinalMass, growth, GrowthPeriod, gulf, height, initial, Initial_Max_Width, Initial_Trunk_Diam, InitialHeight_Perp, InitialMass, latitude, long, longitude, management, mass, max, notes, oceanography, office, period, perp, preliminary, site, trunk, uin, width";
    String license "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/776346/license";
    String metadata_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/776346";
    Float64 Northernmost_Northing 8.6312;
    String param_mapping "{'776346': {'Latitude': 'flag - latitude', 'Longitude': 'flag - longitude'}}";
    String parameter_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/776346/parameters";
    String people_0_affiliation "Florida Institute of Technology";
    String people_0_affiliation_acronym "FIT";
    String people_0_person_name "Dr Richard B. Aronson";
    String people_0_person_nid "655902";
    String people_0_role "Principal Investigator";
    String people_0_role_type "originator";
    String people_1_affiliation "United States Geological Survey";
    String people_1_affiliation_acronym "USGS";
    String people_1_person_name "Dr Lauren T. Toth";
    String people_1_person_nid "655904";
    String people_1_role "Co-Principal Investigator";
    String people_1_role_type "originator";
    String people_2_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
    String people_2_affiliation_acronym "WHOI BCO-DMO";
    String people_2_person_name "Nancy Copley";
    String people_2_person_nid "50396";
    String people_2_role "BCO-DMO Data Manager";
    String people_2_role_type "related";
    String project "Coral Climate ETP";
    String projects_0_acronym "Coral Climate ETP";
    String projects_0_description "Coral reefs are under threat around the world, and climate change is the main reason they are declining. Knowing how local conditions on a reef exaggerate or mask the impacts of climate change make it possible to predict which reefs are most likely to survive longer and, therefore, which reefs deserve the greatest effort and funding for conservation. Reefs off the Pacific coast of Panama are vulnerable to the impacts of global climate change but are also strongly influenced by small-scale currents and other local conditions. The goal of this study is to see how those local differences affect coral growth and the ability of the corals to build reefs. Climate change appears poised to shut down reef growth off Pacific Panama within the next century. Considering that sea-level rise is accelerating at the same time, if coral reefs shut down they will not be able to protect populated shorelines from storm damage and erosion. In addition to its scientific insights, this project will provide undergraduate and graduate training, provide research training for underrepresented groups, advance women in scientific careers, and contribute important information for management and policy. The results will be incorporated into innovative curricular materials for K through 12 classes in Title-I schools in Florida aligned with Next Generation (Common Core) standards, and standards for Climate and Ocean Literacy. An annual film festival will be organized for K through 12 students to explore themes in marine science through videography.
Global climate change is now the leading cause of coral-reef degradation, but the extent to which mesoscale oceanography overprints climatic forcing is poorly understood. Previous studies in Pacific Panama showed that reef ecosystems collapsed from 4100 to 1600 years ago. The 2500-yr hiatus in reef-building occurred at locations throughout the Pacific, and the primary cause was increased variability of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. This study will determine the influence of contemporary variability in mesoscale oceanography in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) on variability in the condition of local coral populations. Insights from the living populations will be combined with paleoecological and geochemical studies of reef frameworks to infer past conditions that were inimical or beneficial to coral growth and reef accretion. Three primary hypotheses will be tested in Pacific Panama:
H1. Mesoscale oceanography is manifested in gradients of reef condition, coral growth, and coral physiological condition. Physiographic protection from upwelling currents and thermocline shoaling confers positive effects on coral growth rate and physiology.
H2. The impacts of mesoscale oceanographic regimes on the growth and condition of reef-corals were felt at least as far back as the mid- to late Holocene.
H3. Physiographic protection from upwelling currents and thermocline shoaling conferred positive effects on vertical reef accretion in the past and shortened the late-Holocene hiatus.
Specific research approaches to test these hypotheses will include collecting high-resolution, oceanographic time series to characterize contemporary environments along gradients of physical conditions; collecting ecological and geochemical data on the condition of living coral populations; and extracting cores from the reef frameworks and analyzing the coral assemblages taxonomically, taphonomically, and geochemically to assess patterns of biotic and paleoenvironmental variability. Strong spatial and temporal variability in the physical drivers of reef development make the ETP an excellent model system in which to examine the response of coral reefs to climate change over a range of physical regimes. This research will provide a unique opportunity to tease apart the controls on reef development across multiple spatial and temporal scales. The climatology underlying the late-Holocene hiatus was similar to probable scenarios for the next century, implying that climate change could be driving reef ecosystems of the ETP (and elsewhere) toward another collapse. Understanding how the hiatus unfolded along oceanographic gradients will increase our power to predict the future responses of reefs to a rapidly changing climate.";
    String projects_0_end_date "2019-03";
    String projects_0_geolocation "Pacific Panamá";
    String projects_0_name "Collaborative Research: Climate Change, Mesoscale Oceanography, and the Dynamics of Eastern Pacific Coral Reefs";
    String projects_0_project_nid "655899";
    String projects_0_project_website "http://www.fit.edu/research/portal/project/420/climate-change-mesoscale-oceanography-and-the-dynamics-of-eastern-pacific-coral-reefs";
    String projects_0_start_date "2015-09";
    String publisher_name "Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)";
    String publisher_type "institution";
    String sourceUrl "(local files)";
    Float64 Southernmost_Northing 7.4033;
    String standard_name_vocabulary "CF Standard Name Table v55";
    String subsetVariables "GrowthPeriod,Initial_Trunk_Diam";
    String summary "Height, surface area, and mass of Pocillopora damicornis in Pacific Panama at five time periods between March 2018 and March 2019.";
    String title "[coral growth 2019] - Height, width, and mass of the coral Pocillopora damicornis in Pacific Panama, 2018-2019 (Collaborative Research: Climate Change, Mesoscale Oceanography, and the Dynamics of Eastern Pacific Coral Reefs)";
    String version "2";
    Float64 Westernmost_Easting -81.759;
    String xml_source "osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3";
  }
}