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Dataset Title:	[carbonate chemistry] - Table 1: Experimental conditions and fluid carbonate chemistry for RPI-3 run where only aragonite precipitated (Biologically induced methane oxidation and precipitation of carbonate minerals: An experimental study)
Institution:	BCO-DMO (Dataset ID: bcodmo_dataset_806920)
Information:	Summary \| License \| ISO 19115 \| Metadata \| Background \| Files \| Make a graph

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Variable	Minimum	Maximum
fluid (unitless)	"ASW"	"Initial"
temp (Temperature, degrees Celsius)	8	22
press (bars)	1	110
S (salinity units)	23.06	24.12
TA (micromole per kg of water)	2698	9905
pH_meas (pH units)	8.05	9.56
pH_calc (pH units)	8.2	9.63
CO3 (micromole per kg of water)	135.6	3591.0
Ca (milligram per kg of water)	71.43	329.7
OM_ar (unitless)	2.0	51.42

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The Dataset Attribute Structure (.das) for this Dataset

Attributes {
 s {
  fluid {
    String bcodmo_name "treatment";
    String description "exprimental fluid (growth medium): ASW= artificial seawater; initial= artificial seawater doped with aliquot 0.1M Na2CO3 in the proportion of ~1:13 to ASW; final= fluid at end of experiment";
    String long_name "Fluid";
    String units "unitless";
  }
  temp {
    Byte _FillValue 127;
    String _Unsigned "false";
    Byte actual_range 8, 22;
    String bcodmo_name "temperature";
    String description "temperature";
    String long_name "Temperature";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/TEMPP901/";
    String units "degrees Celsius";
  }
  press {
    Byte _FillValue 127;
    String _Unsigned "false";
    Byte actual_range 1, 110;
    String bcodmo_name "pressure";
    String description "pressure";
    String long_name "Press";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PRESPR01/";
    String units "bars";
  }
  S {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 23.06, 24.12;
    String bcodmo_name "sal";
    String description "salinity";
    String long_name "S";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PSALST01/";
    String units "salinity units";
  }
  TA {
    Int16 _FillValue 32767;
    Int16 actual_range 2698, 9905;
    String bcodmo_name "TALK";
    String description "total alkalinity";
    String long_name "TA";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/MDMAP014/";
    String units "micromole per kg of water";
  }
  pH_meas {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 8.05, 9.56;
    String bcodmo_name "pH";
    String description "pH measured";
    String long_name "P H Meas";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PHXXZZXX/";
    String units "pH units";
  }
  pH_calc {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 8.2, 9.63;
    String bcodmo_name "pH";
    String description "pH calculated";
    String long_name "P H Calc";
    String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PHXXZZXX/";
    String units "pH units";
  }
  CO3 {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 135.6, 3591.0;
    String bcodmo_name "carbonate";
    String description "carbonate ion";
    String long_name "CO3";
    String units "micromole per kg of water";
  }
  Ca {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 71.43, 329.7;
    String bcodmo_name "Ca";
    String description "calcium ion";
    String long_name "Ca";
    String units "milligram per kg of water";
  }
  OM_ar {
    Float32 _FillValue NaN;
    Float32 actual_range 2.0, 51.42;
    String bcodmo_name "OM_ar";
    String description "saturation state of the fluid with respect to aragonite";
    String long_name "OM Ar";
    String units "unitless";
  }
 }
  NC_GLOBAL {
    String access_formats ".htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv";
    String acquisition_description 
"Crystallization experiment  
 In order to simulate the high-pressure conditions at the seafloor, three
laboratory experiments involving aragonite precipitation were conducted.\\u00a0
Two experiments were conducted using a high-pressure apparatus (Figure 1). The
control experiment was performed at atmospheric pressure and 8\\u00b0C in a
container immersed in a constant temperature bath. The experimental fluid
(growth medium) was prepared by mixing artificial seawater (ASW) and small
aliquots of Na2CO3. The addition of Na2CO3 allowed the saturation state of the
fluid with respect to aragonite to be increased, in order to promote
nucleation and crystallization on carbonate minerals. Artificial seawater was
prepared by dissolving 32 g of Instant Ocean salt (Instant Ocean Spectrum
Brands) mix in 1 kg of distilled water and filtering it through a 0.2 \\u00b5m
Nalgene filter. A small amount of 0.1M Na2CO3 was then introduced into the
continuously stirred artificial seawater using a syringe pump set at a rate of
~1 ml/min, to reach a final volume ratio of Na2CO3 to artificial seawater of
~1:13. During the addition of Na2CO3, the solution was in contact with the
atmosphere. This procedure homogenized the fluid and also precluded aragonite
nucleation prior to the beginning of the experiment. The absence of crystal
nucleation was confirmed visually by monitoring the solution pH, which
remained stable for the 1-2 hours needed for the experiment setup. The
observation that aragonite crystallization did not start prior to the
beginning of the experiment is consistent with previously published data,
which show that 6 hours elapsed before onset of crystallization in the
solution similar to the one we used (7.4 mmol of Na2CO3 :1 liter of seawater)
(Pytkowicz, 1965).
 
Petrographic glass slides frosted with silicon carbide (SiC) abrasive paper
were used to promote aragonite crystallization along scratches. For each
experiment, one slide was placed into the high-pressure vessel prior to the
transfer of the experimental fluid. The experimental fluid was then placed
into the vessel after it was precooled to 8\\u00b0C. After that, the air space
above the solution (<200 cm3) was purged with nitrogen three times before the
pressure was increased to a desired value (110 or 345 bars). The experimental
fluid was sampled daily using a valve on the pressure vessel (Figure 1) and pH
was measured to estimate time of nucleation and crystallization of CaCO3. For
pH measurements, electrode calibration and measurements were conducted at
temperatures similar to those of the experiment. NBS buffer solutions with pH
of 4, 7, and 10 were used for electrode calibration. The pH initially
decreased due to carbonate precipitation and reached near-constant values less
than 170 hrs from the beginning of the experiments, suggesting that most of
the CaCO3 precipitated in the first few days of each experiment. At the end of
each run, the experimental products were extracted from the pressure vessel.
Crystals (<10 \\u00b5m in size) were rinsed with distilled water and dried,
whereas the experimental fluid was filtered and refrigerated for subsequent
elemental analyses. The alkalinity of the final fluid was measured the day
after the end of each experiment. Experimental parameters are presented in
Table -1.";
    String awards_0_award_nid "554980";
    String awards_0_award_number "OCE-0939564";
    String awards_0_data_url "http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0939564";
    String awards_0_funder_name "NSF Division of Ocean Sciences";
    String awards_0_funding_acronym "NSF OCE";
    String awards_0_funding_source_nid "355";
    String awards_0_program_manager "David L. Garrison";
    String awards_0_program_manager_nid "50534";
    String cdm_data_type "Other";
    String comment 
"carbonate chemistry 
   Table 1. Experimental conditions and fluid carbonate chemistry for RPI-3 run where only aragonite precipitated. 
   PI: R. Gabitov (MSU) 
   version date: 2020-03-25";
    String Conventions "COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3";
    String creator_email "info@bco-dmo.org";
    String creator_name "BCO-DMO";
    String creator_type "institution";
    String creator_url "https://www.bco-dmo.org/";
    String data_source "extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3  19 Dec 2019";
    String date_created "2020-03-25T18:18:13Z";
    String date_modified "2020-04-08T14:29:01Z";
    String defaultDataQuery "&amp;time&lt;now";
    String doi "10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.806920.1";
    String history 
"2024-11-23T17:01:13Z (local files)
2024-11-23T17:01:13Z https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_806920.html";
    String infoUrl "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/806920";
    String institution "BCO-DMO";
    String instruments_0_acronym "unknown";
    String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description "Custom designed pressure chamber used to simulate the high-pressure conditions at the seafloor for this set of experiments.(designed at Rensselaer Polytech Institute, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences)";
    String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid "806942";
    String instruments_0_description "No relevant match in BCO-DMO instrument vocabulary.";
    String instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/999/";
    String instruments_0_instrument_name "unknown";
    String instruments_0_instrument_nid "575";
    String instruments_0_supplied_name "high-pressure apparatus";
    String instruments_1_acronym "Benchtop pH Meter";
    String instruments_1_dataset_instrument_description "Used to measure pH.";
    String instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid "806943";
    String instruments_1_description 
"An instrument consisting of an electronic voltmeter and pH-responsive electrode that gives a direct conversion of voltage differences to differences of pH at the measurement temperature.  (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms) 
This instrument does not map to the NERC instrument vocabulary term for 'pH Sensor' which measures values in the water column.  Benchtop models are typically employed for stationary lab applications.";
    String instruments_1_instrument_name "Benchtop pH Meter";
    String instruments_1_instrument_nid "681";
    String instruments_2_dataset_instrument_description "Used to measure concentrations of ions.";
    String instruments_2_dataset_instrument_nid "806944";
    String instruments_2_description "Instruments that quantify carbon, nitrogen and sometimes other elements by combusting the sample at very high temperature and assaying the resulting gaseous oxides. Usually used for samples including organic material.";
    String instruments_2_instrument_external_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB01/";
    String instruments_2_instrument_name "Elemental Analyzer";
    String instruments_2_instrument_nid "546339";
    String keywords "bco, bco-dmo, biological, calc, carbonate, chemical, co3, data, dataset, dmo, erddap, fluid, management, meas, oceanography, office, OM_ar, pH_calc, pH_meas, preliminary, press, temperature";
    String license "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/806920/license";
    String metadata_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/806920";
    String param_mapping "{'806920': {}}";
    String parameter_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/806920/parameters";
    String people_0_affiliation "Mississippi State University";
    String people_0_affiliation_acronym "MSU";
    String people_0_person_name "Rinat Gabitov";
    String people_0_person_nid "743432";
    String people_0_role "Principal Investigator";
    String people_0_role_type "originator";
    String people_1_affiliation "University of Rochester";
    String people_1_person_name "Chiara Borrelli";
    String people_1_person_nid "743434";
    String people_1_role "Co-Principal Investigator";
    String people_1_role_type "originator";
    String people_2_affiliation "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute";
    String people_2_affiliation_acronym "RPI";
    String people_2_person_name "Karyn Rogers";
    String people_2_person_nid "661573";
    String people_2_role "Co-Principal Investigator";
    String people_2_role_type "originator";
    String people_3_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
    String people_3_affiliation_acronym "WHOI BCO-DMO";
    String people_3_person_name "Nancy Copley";
    String people_3_person_nid "50396";
    String people_3_role "BCO-DMO Data Manager";
    String people_3_role_type "related";
    String project "Deep Sea Geochem CaCO3";
    String projects_0_acronym "Deep Sea Geochem CaCO3";
    String projects_0_description "Biologically-mediated CaCO3 precipitation widely occurs in aquatic systems and is often directly linked to the metabolic activity of microorganisms, which could significantly affect the local environment. An example is oxidation of methane and reduction of sulfate mediated by a consortium of Bacteria and Archaea. In order to investigate geochemistry of CaCO3precipitated abiotically and under microbial activity experimental work was initiated.  The abiotic experiments were performed at different temperatures and pressures (nitrogen and nitrogen-methane mixture).  Further geochemical analyses will allow evaluating of the effect of total pressure and methane partial pressure on the geochemistry of CaCO3. Sulfate reducing bacterial (Desulfovibrio salexigens) was successfully cultured and precipitation experiments on microbially mediated CaCO3 are in progress. This work is relevant to C-DEBI Research Theme I (Activity in the Deep Subseafloor Biosphere: function & rates of global biogeochemical processes) because carbonate growth rate is linked to microbial activity and the rate of methane oxidation.";
    String projects_0_end_date "2014-09";
    String projects_0_name "Biologically induced methane oxidation and precipitation of carbonate minerals: An experimental study";
    String projects_0_project_nid "743426";
    String projects_0_project_website "https://www.darkenergybiosphere.org/award/biologically-induced-methane-oxidation-and-precipitation-of-carbonate-minerals-an-experimental-study/";
    String projects_0_start_date "2014-05";
    String publisher_name "Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)";
    String publisher_type "institution";
    String sourceUrl "(local files)";
    String standard_name_vocabulary "CF Standard Name Table v55";
    String summary "Table 1: Experimental conditions and fluid carbonate chemistry for RPI-3 run where only aragonite precipitated.";
    String title "[carbonate chemistry] - Table 1: Experimental conditions and fluid carbonate chemistry for RPI-3 run where only aragonite precipitated (Biologically induced methane oxidation and precipitation of carbonate minerals: An experimental study)";
    String version "1";
    String xml_source "osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3";
  }
}

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