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BCO-DMO ERDDAP
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Dataset Title: | [PMP size in sponges and seawater from Panama] - Potential microplastic sizes of 6 common Caribbean spong species collected June 21, 2019 in Bocas del Toro, Panama (Collaborative Research: Investigations into microbially mediated ecological diversification in sponges) ![]() ![]() |
Institution: | BCO-DMO (Dataset ID: bcodmo_dataset_955389_v1) |
Range: | longitude = -82.25638 to -82.25638°E, latitude = 9.345775 to 9.345775°N |
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Attributes { s { Sample_type { String long_name "Sample_type"; String units "unitless"; } Sample_replicate { String long_name "Sample_replicate"; String units "unitless"; } Length_um { Int32 actual_range 5, 13000; String long_name "Length_um"; String units "micrometers (um)"; } Width_um { Int32 actual_range 5, 150; String long_name "Width_um"; String units "micrometers (um)"; } latitude { String _CoordinateAxisType "Lat"; Float32 actual_range 9.345775, 9.345775; String axis "Y"; String ioos_category "Location"; String long_name "Sampling_lat"; String standard_name "latitude"; String units "degrees_north"; } longitude { String _CoordinateAxisType "Lon"; Float32 actual_range -82.25638, -82.25638; String axis "X"; String ioos_category "Location"; String long_name "Sampling_lon"; String standard_name "longitude"; String units "degrees_east"; } sampling_date { String long_name "Sampling_date"; String units "unitless"; } } NC_GLOBAL { String cdm_data_type "Other"; String Conventions "COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3"; String creator_email "info@bco-dmo.org"; String creator_name "BCO-DMO"; String creator_url "https://www.bco-dmo.org/"; String doi "10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.955389.1"; Float64 Easternmost_Easting -82.25638; Float64 geospatial_lat_max 9.345775; Float64 geospatial_lat_min 9.345775; String geospatial_lat_units "degrees_north"; Float64 geospatial_lon_max -82.25638; Float64 geospatial_lon_min -82.25638; String geospatial_lon_units "degrees_east"; String history "2025-05-12T09:45:31Z (local files) 2025-05-12T09:45:31Z https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_955389_v1.das"; String infoUrl "https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/955389"; String institution "BCO-DMO"; String license "The data may be used and redistributed for free but is not intended for legal use, since it may contain inaccuracies. Neither the data Contributor, ERD, NOAA, nor the United States Government, nor any of their employees or contractors, makes any warranty, express or implied, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, or assumes any legal liability for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of this information."; Float64 Northernmost_Northing 9.345775; String sourceUrl "(local files)"; Float64 Southernmost_Northing 9.345775; String summary "Microplastics (MP) are now considered ubiquitous across global aquatic environments. The ingestion of MP by fish and other marine vertebrates is well studied, but the ingestion of MP by marine invertebrates is not. Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are particularly understudied when it comes to MP ingestion, even though they are widely distributed across benthic habitats, can process large volumes of seawater, and can retain small particles within their water filtration systems. This study examines the presence of potential MP (PMP) in wild marine sponges and seawater collected in Bocas del Toro, Panamá. Subsurface seawater and tissue from six common Caribbean sponge species was collected in Saigon Bay, a heavily impacted, shallow-water coral reef. Seawater samples were filtered onto glass fiber filters to retain any PMP present and sponge tissue was digested with bleach, heated and filtered. Filters were examined using fluorescence microscopy to quantify PMP. An average of 107 ± 25 PMP L–1 was detected in seawater from Saigon Bay with particles ranging in size between 10 μm and ~3,000 μm. The number of PMP found in sponge tissue ranged between 6 ± 4 and 169 ± 71 PMP g–1 of dry tissue. Most particles found in sponge samples were very small (10–20 μm), but fibers greater than 5,000 μm were detected. Our results indicate that PMP exists within the tissues of the sponges we studied, but future studies should confirm the presence of MP in sponges using chemical analysis. Most importantly, the discrepancy between low levels of PMP in our sponge samples and high levels in the surrounding seawater highlights the potential for sponges to resist and/or egest MP. Finally, we provide a critical evaluation of our methods to improve their use in future MP work with benthic marine organisms."; String title "[PMP size in sponges and seawater from Panama] - Potential microplastic sizes of 6 common Caribbean spong species collected June 21, 2019 in Bocas del Toro, Panama (Collaborative Research: Investigations into microbially mediated ecological diversification in sponges)"; Float64 Westernmost_Easting -82.25638; } }
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