ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_3896

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
		data	graph		files	public	Names, codes, and characteristics of species observed during reef surveys in the Bahamas (Lionfish Invasion project)		I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_3896

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	This long-term, large-scale field experiment was designed to document the community-wide effects of invasive lionfish in the vicinity of Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas. Baseline surveys of the fish community were conducted at each of ten large (1400 to 4000 m2) reefs by counting and sizing all fishes within two permanent square plots (100 m2) and four permanent strip plots (50 m2) at each reef. Square plots were centered on the area of each reef with the greatest three-dimensional structure, whereas strip transects were placed to provide a representative sample of the entire reef (biased towards hard substrate). The reefs were paired based on habitat characteristics (depth, current, predominant substrate type, etc.), and one reef in each pair was designated as either low-lionfish-density (LLD) or high-lionfish-density (HLD). Lionfish were then removed from LLD reefs and added to HLD reefs. We attempted to remove all lionfish from LLD reefs, and to augment the density of lionfish on HLD reefs to the level observed on the highest-density reefs before the experiment. Surveys of each fish community were then repeated approximately quarterly. During each survey, any new lionfish appearing on LLD reefs were removed and distributed evenly across the HLD reefs (again, ensuring that densities at HLD reefs did not exceed natural invasive densities prior to the experiment). See details in the following related publications. Related Publications: Albins, M.A. (2012) Effects of the Invasive Pacific Red Lionfish Pterois volitans on Native Atlantic Coral-reef Fish Communities (Chapter 6). PhD Dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. Albins, M.A. (in preparation) Invasive Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans reduce abundance and species richness of native Bahamian coral-reef fishes: results from a large-scale, long-term experiment. Intended for Ecological Applications.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	55160
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-0851162
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0851162
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	David L. Garrison
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	50534
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	List of species observed during surveys Lead PI: Mark Hixon (OSU) Sub-Project Lead: Mark A. Albins (OSU) Version: 19 March 2013
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2013-03-19T18:40:12Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2019-10-28T17:27:14Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&time<now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3896.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3896
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	5cm, bco, bco-dmo, biological, change, chemical, cleaner, code, common, common_name, data, dataset, dmo, erddap, faculative, faculative_cleaner, family, herbivore, invertebrate, LW_a, LW_b, LW_c, LW_ref, management, mature, mature_lt_5cm, name, name_change, new, obligate, obligate_cleaner, oceanography, office, piscivore, preliminary, ref, species, species_code, species_new, species_substitute, substitute, transient
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3896/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/3896
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'3896': {}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/3896/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	Oregon State University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation_acronym	String	OSU
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Mark Hixon
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	51647
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Lead Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	Oregon State University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	OSU
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Mark A Albins
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	51666
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Scientist
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Shannon Rauch
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	51498
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	Lionfish Invasion
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	Lionfish Invasion
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	Invasive species are increasingly introduced by human activities to new regions of the world where those species have never existed previously. In the absence of natural enemies (predators, competitors, and diseases) from their homeland, invasives may have strong negative effects on invaded ecosystems, especially systems with fewer species ("ecological release"), and may even drive native species extinct. However, if native natural enemies can somehow control the invaders ("ecological resistance"), then ecological disruption can be prevented or at least moderated. Most of the many invasive species in the sea have been seaweeds and invertebrates, and the few documented invasive marine fishes have not caused major problems. However, this situation has recently changed in a stunning and ominous way. In the early 1990s, lionfish (Pterois volitans) from the Pacific Ocean were accidentally or intentionally released from aquaria to the ocean in the vicinity of Florida. Camouflaged by shape and color, protected by venomous spines, consuming native coral-reef fishes voraciously, and reproducing rapidly, lionfish have subsequently undergone a population explosion. They now range from the mid-Atlantic coast of the US to the Caribbean, including the Bahamas. Native Atlantic fishes have never before encountered this spiny, stealthy, efficient predator and seldom take evasive action. In fact, the investigator has documented that a single lionfish is capable of reducing the abundance of small fish on a small coral patch reef by nearly 80% in just 5 weeks. There is great concern that invasive lionfish may severely reduce the abundance of native coral-reef fishes important as food for humans (e.g., grouper and snapper in their juvenile stages) as well as species that normally maintain the integrity of coral reefs (e.g., grazing parrotfishes that can prevent seaweeds from smothering corals). There are far more species of coral-reef fish in the Pacific than the Atlantic, so this invasion may represent a case of extreme ecological release with minor ecological resistance. Dr. Hixon and colleagues will study the mechanisms of ecological release in lionfish, as well as examine potential sources of ecological resistance in the heavily invaded Bahamas. Because very little is known about the ecology and behavior of lionfish in their native Pacific range, he will also conduct comparative studies in both oceans, which may provide clues regarding the extreme success of this invasion. In the Bahamas, the investigator will document the direct and indirect effects on native species of the ecological release of lionfish, both as a predator and as a competitor. These studies will be conducted at various scales of time and space, from short-term experiments on small patch reefs, to long-term experiments and observations on large reefs. Whereas direct effects involve mostly changes in the abundance of native species, indirect effects can be highly variable. For example, lionfish may actually indirectly benefit some native species by either consuming or outcompeting the competitors of those natives. The project will explore possible ecological resistance to the invasion by determining whether any native Bahamian species are effective natural enemies of lionfish, including predators, parasites, and competitors of both juvenile and adult lionfish. Comparative studies of natural enemies, as well as lionfish ecology and behavior, in both the Atlantic and the Pacific may provide clues regarding the explosive spread of lionfish in the Atlantic. Regarding broader impacts, this basic research will provide information valuable to coral-reef and fisheries managers fighting the lionfish invasion in the US, the Bahamas, and the greater Caribbean, especially if sources of native ecological resistance are identified. The study will fund the PhD research of U.S. graduate students, as well as involve assistance and participation by a broad variety of undergraduates and reef/fisheries managers, including women, minorities, native Bahamians, and native Pacific islanders. Participation in this project will promote education in marine ecology and conservation biology directly via Dr. Hixon's and graduate students' teaching and outreach activities, and indirectly via the experiences of undergraduate field assistants and various associates.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2012-11
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	Bahamas; Cayman Islands; Mariana Islands; Philippines
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	Ecological Release and Resistance at Sea: Invasion of Atlantic Coral Reefs by Pacific Lionfish
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	2256
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_website	String	http://hixon.science.oregonstate.edu/content/highlight-lionfish-invasion
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2009-06
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Names, codes, and characteristics of species observed during reef surveys in the Bahamas (Lionfish Invasion project).
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	Names, codes, and characteristics of species observed during reef surveys in the Bahamas (Lionfish Invasion project)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	species_code		String
attribute	species_code	bcodmo_name	String	taxon_code
attribute	species_code	description	String	4-letter genus species code (typically first two letters are the first two of the genus and last two letters are the first two of the species - corresponds with "Species" column in "LLLE Surveys clean" dataset). Originally named 'SpeciesID'.
attribute	species_code	long_name	String	Species Code
attribute	species_code	units	String	dimensionless
variable	species		String
attribute	species	bcodmo_name	String	species
attribute	species	description	String	Scientific name of species (Genus species) at the beginning of the project.
attribute	species	long_name	String	Species
attribute	species	units	String	text
variable	name_change		byte
attribute	name_change	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	name_change	actual_range	byte	0, 1
attribute	name_change	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	name_change	description	String	Indicates whether or not there has been a name change for the species since the inception of the project (0 = no change, 1 = change).
attribute	name_change	long_name	String	Name Change
attribute	name_change	units	String	0 or 1
variable	species_new		String
attribute	species_new	bcodmo_name	String	species
attribute	species_new	description	String	Currently recognized scientific name of species (should match "SpeciesName" if "NameChange" = 0, and should contain the more recent version of the name if "NameChange" = 1). Column originally named 'NewName'.
attribute	species_new	long_name	String	Species New
attribute	species_new	units	String	text
variable	common_name		String
attribute	common_name	bcodmo_name	String	common_name
attribute	common_name	description	String	Common name of the species.
attribute	common_name	long_name	String	Common Name
attribute	common_name	units	String	text
variable	family		String
attribute	family	bcodmo_name	String	family
attribute	family	description	String	Family of species.
attribute	family	long_name	String	Family
attribute	family	units	String	text
variable	transient		byte
attribute	transient	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	transient	actual_range	byte	0, 1
attribute	transient	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	transient	description	String	Takes value of 1 if species is primarily transient at the experimental reef scale and 0 otherwise.
attribute	transient	long_name	String	Transient
attribute	transient	units	String	0 or 1
variable	piscivore		byte
attribute	piscivore	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	piscivore	actual_range	byte	0, 1
attribute	piscivore	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	piscivore	description	String	Takes value of 1 if species is primarily a piscivore and 0 otherwise.
attribute	piscivore	long_name	String	Piscivore
attribute	piscivore	units	String	0 or 1
variable	herbivore		byte
attribute	herbivore	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	herbivore	actual_range	byte	0, 1
attribute	herbivore	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	herbivore	description	String	Takes value of 1 if species is primarily an herbivore and 0 otherwise.
attribute	herbivore	long_name	String	Herbivore
attribute	herbivore	units	String	0 or 1
variable	mature_lt_5cm		byte
attribute	mature_lt_5cm	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	mature_lt_5cm	actual_range	byte	0, 1
attribute	mature_lt_5cm	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	mature_lt_5cm	description	String	Takes value of 1 if species reaches reproductive maturity at a TL of less than or equal to 5 cm and 0 otherwise. Originally named 'MatLess5'.
attribute	mature_lt_5cm	long_name	String	Mature Lt 5cm
attribute	mature_lt_5cm	units	String	0 or 1
variable	obligate_cleaner		byte
attribute	obligate_cleaner	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	obligate_cleaner	actual_range	byte	0, 1
attribute	obligate_cleaner	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	obligate_cleaner	description	String	Takes value of 1 if species is documented as an obligate cleaner and 0 otherwise.
attribute	obligate_cleaner	long_name	String	Obligate Cleaner
attribute	obligate_cleaner	units	String	0 or 1
variable	faculative_cleaner		byte
attribute	faculative_cleaner	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	faculative_cleaner	actual_range	byte	0, 1
attribute	faculative_cleaner	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	faculative_cleaner	description	String	Takes value of 1 if species is documented as a faculative cleaner and 0 otherwise.
attribute	faculative_cleaner	long_name	String	Faculative Cleaner
attribute	faculative_cleaner	units	String	0 or 1
variable	invertebrate		byte
attribute	invertebrate	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	invertebrate	actual_range	byte	0, 1
attribute	invertebrate	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	invertebrate	description	String	Takes value of 1 if species is an invertebrate and 0 if species is a fish.
attribute	invertebrate	long_name	String	Invertebrate
attribute	invertebrate	units	String	0 or 1
variable	LW_a		float
attribute	LW_a	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	LW_a	actual_range	float	1.0E-5, 1.22482
attribute	LW_a	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	LW_a	description	String	Parameter "a" in corrected length-weight conversion equation used for biomass calculations.
attribute	LW_a	long_name	String	LW A
attribute	LW_a	units	String	numeric
variable	LW_b		float
attribute	LW_b	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	LW_b	actual_range	float	1.75112, 3.84677
attribute	LW_b	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	LW_b	description	String	Parameter "b" in corrected length-weight conversion equation used for biomass calculations.
attribute	LW_b	long_name	String	LW B
attribute	LW_b	units	String	numeric
variable	LW_c		float
attribute	LW_c	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	LW_c	actual_range	float	0.7704, 10.0
attribute	LW_c	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	LW_c	description	String	Standard length to total length conversion parameter (LWc = 1 if "a" and "b" were fit on total length and LWc equals ratio of SL to TL if "a" and "b" were fit on standard length.
attribute	LW_c	long_name	String	LW C
attribute	LW_c	units	String	numeric
variable	LW_ref		byte
attribute	LW_ref	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	LW_ref	actual_range	byte	2, 16
attribute	LW_ref	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	LW_ref	description	String	Reference code identifying source of LW conversion parameters.
attribute	LW_ref	long_name	String	LW Ref
attribute	LW_ref	units	String	code
variable	species_substitute		String
attribute	species_substitute	bcodmo_name	String	species
attribute	species_substitute	description	String	Name of substitute species used for LW conversion parameters (if parameters could not be found for a given species those for a similarly shaped species were used - SubSp is equal to "na" if parameters for the actual species were used).
attribute	species_substitute	long_name	String	Species Substitute
attribute	species_substitute	units	String	text

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.