ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_3991

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
		data	graph		files	public	Lionfish movements to/from reefs observed during study of effect of density on lionfish behavior at Eleuthera, Bahamas in 2012 (Lionfish Invasion project)		I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_3991

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	Each reef was visited at three times of day: dawn, midday, and dusk, and two focal lionfish were observed during each visit at each reef. Focal lionfish were observed for 10 minute intervals and all activity was recorded. The number of lionfish on each reef was counted at the beginning of the observation period and again at the end, to get a measure of how many were leaving/returning to the reef from the surrounding seagrass.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	55160
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-0851162
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0851162
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	David L. Garrison
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	50534
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	Summary of Lionfish Movements to/from Reefs (From sub-project "Effect of invasive lionfish density on behavior") Lead PI: Mark Hixon (OSU) Sub-Project Lead: Cassandra E. Benkwitt (OSU) Version: 08 July 2013
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2013-07-09T14:01:07Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2019-11-12T20:29:52Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&time<now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3991.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Easternmost_Easting	double	-76.24447
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_max	double	24.87336
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_min	double	24.79488
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_units	String	degrees_north
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_max	double	-76.24447
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_min	double	-76.28902
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_units	String	degrees_east
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3991
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	area, bco, bco-dmo, biological, change, change_in_count, change_in_density, chemical, count, count_end, count_start, data, dataset, date, day, density, density_end, density_start, dmo, end, erddap, highest, highest_count, highest_density, latitude, longitude, management, oceanography, office, preliminary, site, start, surface, surface_area, time, time_of_day
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3991/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/3991
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Northernmost_Northing	double	24.87336
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'3991': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'lon': 'master - longitude'}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/3991/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	Oregon State University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation_acronym	String	OSU
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Mark Hixon
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	51647
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Lead Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	Oregon State University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	OSU
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Cassandra E. Benkwitt
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	51706
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Scientist
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Shannon Rauch
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	51498
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	Lionfish Invasion
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	Lionfish Invasion
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	Invasive species are increasingly introduced by human activities to new regions of the world where those species have never existed previously. In the absence of natural enemies (predators, competitors, and diseases) from their homeland, invasives may have strong negative effects on invaded ecosystems, especially systems with fewer species ("ecological release"), and may even drive native species extinct. However, if native natural enemies can somehow control the invaders ("ecological resistance"), then ecological disruption can be prevented or at least moderated. Most of the many invasive species in the sea have been seaweeds and invertebrates, and the few documented invasive marine fishes have not caused major problems. However, this situation has recently changed in a stunning and ominous way. In the early 1990s, lionfish (Pterois volitans) from the Pacific Ocean were accidentally or intentionally released from aquaria to the ocean in the vicinity of Florida. Camouflaged by shape and color, protected by venomous spines, consuming native coral-reef fishes voraciously, and reproducing rapidly, lionfish have subsequently undergone a population explosion. They now range from the mid-Atlantic coast of the US to the Caribbean, including the Bahamas. Native Atlantic fishes have never before encountered this spiny, stealthy, efficient predator and seldom take evasive action. In fact, the investigator has documented that a single lionfish is capable of reducing the abundance of small fish on a small coral patch reef by nearly 80% in just 5 weeks. There is great concern that invasive lionfish may severely reduce the abundance of native coral-reef fishes important as food for humans (e.g., grouper and snapper in their juvenile stages) as well as species that normally maintain the integrity of coral reefs (e.g., grazing parrotfishes that can prevent seaweeds from smothering corals). There are far more species of coral-reef fish in the Pacific than the Atlantic, so this invasion may represent a case of extreme ecological release with minor ecological resistance. Dr. Hixon and colleagues will study the mechanisms of ecological release in lionfish, as well as examine potential sources of ecological resistance in the heavily invaded Bahamas. Because very little is known about the ecology and behavior of lionfish in their native Pacific range, he will also conduct comparative studies in both oceans, which may provide clues regarding the extreme success of this invasion. In the Bahamas, the investigator will document the direct and indirect effects on native species of the ecological release of lionfish, both as a predator and as a competitor. These studies will be conducted at various scales of time and space, from short-term experiments on small patch reefs, to long-term experiments and observations on large reefs. Whereas direct effects involve mostly changes in the abundance of native species, indirect effects can be highly variable. For example, lionfish may actually indirectly benefit some native species by either consuming or outcompeting the competitors of those natives. The project will explore possible ecological resistance to the invasion by determining whether any native Bahamian species are effective natural enemies of lionfish, including predators, parasites, and competitors of both juvenile and adult lionfish. Comparative studies of natural enemies, as well as lionfish ecology and behavior, in both the Atlantic and the Pacific may provide clues regarding the explosive spread of lionfish in the Atlantic. Regarding broader impacts, this basic research will provide information valuable to coral-reef and fisheries managers fighting the lionfish invasion in the US, the Bahamas, and the greater Caribbean, especially if sources of native ecological resistance are identified. The study will fund the PhD research of U.S. graduate students, as well as involve assistance and participation by a broad variety of undergraduates and reef/fisheries managers, including women, minorities, native Bahamians, and native Pacific islanders. Participation in this project will promote education in marine ecology and conservation biology directly via Dr. Hixon's and graduate students' teaching and outreach activities, and indirectly via the experiences of undergraduate field assistants and various associates.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2012-11
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	Bahamas; Cayman Islands; Mariana Islands; Philippines
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	Ecological Release and Resistance at Sea: Invasion of Atlantic Coral Reefs by Pacific Lionfish
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	2256
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_website	String	http://hixon.science.oregonstate.edu/content/highlight-lionfish-invasion
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2009-06
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Southernmost_Northing	double	24.79488
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	An observational field study was conducted on natural patch reefs with varying lionfish densities to determine if local invasive lionfish density affects lionfish behavior. This dataset contains counts of lionfish present on reefs at the start and end of each reef visit, to get a measure of collective foraging range. The observations took place on natural reefs near Rock Sound, Eleuthera, Bahamas from 16 July to 30 August 2012.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	Lionfish movements to/from reefs observed during study of effect of density on lionfish behavior at Eleuthera, Bahamas in 2012 (Lionfish Invasion project)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Westernmost_Easting	double	-76.28902
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	site		String
attribute	site	bcodmo_name	String	site
attribute	site	description	String	Name of individual reef site.
attribute	site	long_name	String	Site
attribute	site	units	String	text
variable	latitude		double
attribute	latitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lat
attribute	latitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	latitude	actual_range	double	24.79488, 24.87336
attribute	latitude	axis	String	Y
attribute	latitude	bcodmo_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	colorBarMaximum	double	90.0
attribute	latitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-90.0
attribute	latitude	description	String	Latitude of the reef site.
attribute	latitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	latitude	long_name	String	Latitude
attribute	latitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/
attribute	latitude	standard_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	units	String	degrees_north
variable	longitude		double
attribute	longitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lon
attribute	longitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	longitude	actual_range	double	-76.28902, -76.24447
attribute	longitude	axis	String	X
attribute	longitude	bcodmo_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	colorBarMaximum	double	180.0
attribute	longitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-180.0
attribute	longitude	description	String	Longitude of the reef site.
attribute	longitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	longitude	long_name	String	Longitude
attribute	longitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/
attribute	longitude	standard_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	units	String	degrees_east
variable	surface_area		float
attribute	surface_area	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	surface_area	actual_range	float	4.79, 32.99
attribute	surface_area	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	surface_area	description	String	Surface area of reef (meters squared).
attribute	surface_area	long_name	String	Surface Area
attribute	surface_area	units	String	m^2
variable	time_of_day		String
attribute	time_of_day	bcodmo_name	String	time_of_day
attribute	time_of_day	description	String	Classified as Dawn, Midday, or Dusk
attribute	time_of_day	long_name	String	Time Of Day
attribute	time_of_day	units	String	text
variable	date		String
attribute	date	bcodmo_name	String	date
attribute	date	description	String	Date of observation (month/day/year) in mm/dd/YYYY format.
attribute	date	long_name	String	Date
attribute	date	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/
attribute	date	source_name	String	date
attribute	date	time_precision	String	1970-01-01
attribute	date	units	String	unitless
variable	count_start		byte
attribute	count_start	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	count_start	actual_range	byte	0, 16
attribute	count_start	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	count_start	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	count_start	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	count_start	description	String	Number of lionfish present at the reef at the start of the observation.
attribute	count_start	long_name	String	Count Start
attribute	count_start	units	String	integer
variable	count_end		byte
attribute	count_end	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	count_end	actual_range	byte	1, 16
attribute	count_end	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	count_end	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	count_end	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	count_end	description	String	Number of lionfish present at the reef at the end of the observation.
attribute	count_end	long_name	String	Count End
attribute	count_end	units	String	integer
variable	density_start		float
attribute	density_start	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	density_start	actual_range	float	0.0, 1.01
attribute	density_start	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	density_start	description	String	Lionfish density at site at the start of the observation (number of lionfish per meter squared).
attribute	density_start	long_name	String	Density Start
attribute	density_start	units	String	#/m^2
variable	density_end		float
attribute	density_end	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	density_end	actual_range	float	0.04, 1.01
attribute	density_end	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	density_end	description	String	Lionfish density at site at the end of the observation (number of lionfish per meter squared).
attribute	density_end	long_name	String	Density End
attribute	density_end	units	String	#/m^2
variable	change_in_count		byte
attribute	change_in_count	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	change_in_count	actual_range	byte	-5, 10
attribute	change_in_count	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	change_in_count	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	change_in_count	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	change_in_count	description	String	Change in number of lionfish on reef from the start of the observation to the end of the observation.
attribute	change_in_count	long_name	String	Change In Count
attribute	change_in_count	units	String	integer
variable	change_in_density		float
attribute	change_in_density	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	change_in_density	actual_range	float	-0.63, 0.37
attribute	change_in_density	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	change_in_density	description	String	Change in density of lionfish on reef from the start of the observation to the end of the observation (number per meter squared).
attribute	change_in_density	long_name	String	Change In Density
attribute	change_in_density	units	String	#/m^2
variable	highest_count		byte
attribute	highest_count	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	highest_count	actual_range	byte	1, 16
attribute	highest_count	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	highest_count	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	highest_count	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	highest_count	description	String	Highest number of lionfish seen on the reef during any observation period.
attribute	highest_count	long_name	String	Highest Count
attribute	highest_count	units	String	integer
variable	highest_density		float
attribute	highest_density	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	highest_density	actual_range	float	0.11, 1.01
attribute	highest_density	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	highest_density	description	String	Highest density of lionfish seen on the reef during any observation period (number per meter squared).
attribute	highest_density	long_name	String	Highest Density
attribute	highest_density	units	String	#/m^2

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.