ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_3992

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
		data	graph		files	public	Observations of damselfish (Stegastes planifrons) behavior in the presence of lionfish and other native fishes at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas and Little Cayman Island in 2011 (Lionfish Invasion project)		I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_3992

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	Field observations were conducted in 2011 at 3 sites in the Bahamas and 3 sites in the Cayman Islands using a model-bottle study design. Twenty damselfish in the Bahamas and 20 damselfish in the Cayman Islands were observed. Various coral-reef fishes were placed in clear plastic 1-gallon bottles and were presented in random order at decreasing distances from damselfish territories: predatory coney grouper (Cephalopholis fulva), non- herbivorous white grunt (Haemulon plumierii), herbivorous ocean surgeonfish (Acanthurus bahianus), invasive lionfish, and an empty bottle control. At each set distance (1m, 0.5m, and 0m from center of territory), the number of times the resident damselfish made physical contact with the bottle (strikes) during a 2-minute observation period was counted. Then, the bottle was placed outside of the damselfish territory and gradually moved closer to the center of the territory until the damselfish made physical contact with the bottle. This latter measure determined how far from their territories damselfish would strike at each fish species. This procedure was repeated until all 4 fish species had been presented to each individual damselfish.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	55160
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-0851162
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0851162
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	David L. Garrison
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	50534
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	Damselfish behavioral response to lionfish (From sub-project "Limits to lionfish population growth: territorial damselfish") Lead PI: Mark Hixon (OSU) Sub-Project Lead: Tye L. Kindinger (OSU) Version: 09 July 2013
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2013-07-09T15:29:04Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2019-11-12T20:30:12Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&time<now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3992.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Easternmost_Easting	double	-76.10603
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_max	double	23.8313
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_min	double	19.6989
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_units	String	degrees_north
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_max	double	-76.10603
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_min	double	-80.06049
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_units	String	degrees_east
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3992
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	attack, attacks, bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, damselfish, damselfish_tot_len, data, dataset, date, depth, depth_ft, dist, dmo, erddap, habitat, half, latitude, len, longitude, management, max, max_attack_dist, num, num_attacks_0m, num_attacks_1m, num_attacks_half_m, oceanography, office, preliminary, site, time, tot, treatment
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3992/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/3992
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Northernmost_Northing	double	23.8313
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'3992': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'lon': 'master - longitude', 'depth_ft': 'flag - depth'}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/3992/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	Oregon State University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation_acronym	String	OSU
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Mark Hixon
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	51647
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Lead Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	Oregon State University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	OSU
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Tye L. Kindinger
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	51707
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Scientist
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Shannon Rauch
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	51498
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	Lionfish Invasion
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	Lionfish Invasion
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	Invasive species are increasingly introduced by human activities to new regions of the world where those species have never existed previously. In the absence of natural enemies (predators, competitors, and diseases) from their homeland, invasives may have strong negative effects on invaded ecosystems, especially systems with fewer species ("ecological release"), and may even drive native species extinct. However, if native natural enemies can somehow control the invaders ("ecological resistance"), then ecological disruption can be prevented or at least moderated. Most of the many invasive species in the sea have been seaweeds and invertebrates, and the few documented invasive marine fishes have not caused major problems. However, this situation has recently changed in a stunning and ominous way. In the early 1990s, lionfish (Pterois volitans) from the Pacific Ocean were accidentally or intentionally released from aquaria to the ocean in the vicinity of Florida. Camouflaged by shape and color, protected by venomous spines, consuming native coral-reef fishes voraciously, and reproducing rapidly, lionfish have subsequently undergone a population explosion. They now range from the mid-Atlantic coast of the US to the Caribbean, including the Bahamas. Native Atlantic fishes have never before encountered this spiny, stealthy, efficient predator and seldom take evasive action. In fact, the investigator has documented that a single lionfish is capable of reducing the abundance of small fish on a small coral patch reef by nearly 80% in just 5 weeks. There is great concern that invasive lionfish may severely reduce the abundance of native coral-reef fishes important as food for humans (e.g., grouper and snapper in their juvenile stages) as well as species that normally maintain the integrity of coral reefs (e.g., grazing parrotfishes that can prevent seaweeds from smothering corals). There are far more species of coral-reef fish in the Pacific than the Atlantic, so this invasion may represent a case of extreme ecological release with minor ecological resistance. Dr. Hixon and colleagues will study the mechanisms of ecological release in lionfish, as well as examine potential sources of ecological resistance in the heavily invaded Bahamas. Because very little is known about the ecology and behavior of lionfish in their native Pacific range, he will also conduct comparative studies in both oceans, which may provide clues regarding the extreme success of this invasion. In the Bahamas, the investigator will document the direct and indirect effects on native species of the ecological release of lionfish, both as a predator and as a competitor. These studies will be conducted at various scales of time and space, from short-term experiments on small patch reefs, to long-term experiments and observations on large reefs. Whereas direct effects involve mostly changes in the abundance of native species, indirect effects can be highly variable. For example, lionfish may actually indirectly benefit some native species by either consuming or outcompeting the competitors of those natives. The project will explore possible ecological resistance to the invasion by determining whether any native Bahamian species are effective natural enemies of lionfish, including predators, parasites, and competitors of both juvenile and adult lionfish. Comparative studies of natural enemies, as well as lionfish ecology and behavior, in both the Atlantic and the Pacific may provide clues regarding the explosive spread of lionfish in the Atlantic. Regarding broader impacts, this basic research will provide information valuable to coral-reef and fisheries managers fighting the lionfish invasion in the US, the Bahamas, and the greater Caribbean, especially if sources of native ecological resistance are identified. The study will fund the PhD research of U.S. graduate students, as well as involve assistance and participation by a broad variety of undergraduates and reef/fisheries managers, including women, minorities, native Bahamians, and native Pacific islanders. Participation in this project will promote education in marine ecology and conservation biology directly via Dr. Hixon's and graduate students' teaching and outreach activities, and indirectly via the experiences of undergraduate field assistants and various associates.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2012-11
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	Bahamas; Cayman Islands; Mariana Islands; Philippines
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	Ecological Release and Resistance at Sea: Invasion of Atlantic Coral Reefs by Pacific Lionfish
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	2256
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_website	String	http://hixon.science.oregonstate.edu/content/highlight-lionfish-invasion
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2009-06
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Southernmost_Northing	double	19.6989
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	A field study was conducted to determine whether territorial aggression from three-spot damselfish (Stegastes planifrons) could limit local populations of invasive lionfish. The investigators observed damselfish behavior in the presence of lionfish relative to when other native fishes were present.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	Observations of damselfish (Stegastes planifrons) behavior in the presence of lionfish and other native fishes at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas and Little Cayman Island in 2011 (Lionfish Invasion project)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Westernmost_Easting	double	-80.06049
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	treatment		String
attribute	treatment	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	treatment	description	String	Treatment; type of fish placed in the treatment bottle (empty bottle is the control).
attribute	treatment	long_name	String	Treatment
attribute	treatment	units	String	text
variable	site		String
attribute	site	bcodmo_name	String	site
attribute	site	description	String	Name of the reef site.
attribute	site	long_name	String	Site
attribute	site	units	String	text
variable	latitude		double
attribute	latitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lat
attribute	latitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	latitude	actual_range	double	19.6989, 23.8313
attribute	latitude	axis	String	Y
attribute	latitude	bcodmo_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	colorBarMaximum	double	90.0
attribute	latitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-90.0
attribute	latitude	description	String	Latitude of the reef site.
attribute	latitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	latitude	long_name	String	Latitude
attribute	latitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/
attribute	latitude	standard_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	units	String	degrees_north
variable	longitude		double
attribute	longitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lon
attribute	longitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	longitude	actual_range	double	-80.06049, -76.10603
attribute	longitude	axis	String	X
attribute	longitude	bcodmo_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	colorBarMaximum	double	180.0
attribute	longitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-180.0
attribute	longitude	description	String	Longitude of the reef site.
attribute	longitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	longitude	long_name	String	Longitude
attribute	longitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/
attribute	longitude	standard_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	units	String	degrees_east
variable	location		String
attribute	location	bcodmo_name	String	site
attribute	location	description	String	Study location: Bahamas = sites off of Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas; Caymans = sites off of Little Cayman Island, Cayman Islands.
attribute	location	long_name	String	Location
attribute	location	units	String	text
variable	damselfish_tot_len		float
attribute	damselfish_tot_len	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	damselfish_tot_len	actual_range	float	7.0, 11.0
attribute	damselfish_tot_len	bcodmo_name	String	fish_len
attribute	damselfish_tot_len	description	String	Total body length (in centimeters) of each damselfish observed.
attribute	damselfish_tot_len	long_name	String	Damselfish Tot Len
attribute	damselfish_tot_len	units	String	cm
variable	num_attacks_1m		byte
attribute	num_attacks_1m	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	num_attacks_1m	actual_range	byte	0, 44
attribute	num_attacks_1m	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	num_attacks_1m	description	String	Number of damselfish attacks per bottle treatment at 1-meter distance from the center of damselfish territory.
attribute	num_attacks_1m	long_name	String	Num Attacks 1m
attribute	num_attacks_1m	units	String	integer
variable	num_attacks_half_m		byte
attribute	num_attacks_half_m	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	num_attacks_half_m	actual_range	byte	0, 93
attribute	num_attacks_half_m	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	num_attacks_half_m	description	String	Number of damselfish attacks per bottle treatment at 0.5-meter distance from the center of damselfish territory.
attribute	num_attacks_half_m	long_name	String	Num Attacks Half M
attribute	num_attacks_half_m	units	String	integer
variable	num_attacks_0m		byte
attribute	num_attacks_0m	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	num_attacks_0m	actual_range	byte	0, 100
attribute	num_attacks_0m	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	num_attacks_0m	description	String	Number of damselfish attacks per bottle treatment at 0-meter distance from the center of damselfish territory.
attribute	num_attacks_0m	long_name	String	Num Attacks 0m
attribute	num_attacks_0m	units	String	integer
variable	max_attack_dist		float
attribute	max_attack_dist	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	max_attack_dist	actual_range	float	0.0, 1.1
attribute	max_attack_dist	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	max_attack_dist	description	String	Greatest distance away from damselfish territory where each damselfish would attack each bottle treatment.
attribute	max_attack_dist	long_name	String	Max Attack Dist
attribute	max_attack_dist	units	String	meters
variable	depth_ft		double
attribute	depth_ft	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	depth_ft	actual_range	double	5.0, 35.0
attribute	depth_ft	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	depth_ft	colorBarMaximum	double	8000.0
attribute	depth_ft	colorBarMinimum	double	-8000.0
attribute	depth_ft	colorBarPalette	String	TopographyDepth
attribute	depth_ft	description	String	Depth at observed damselfish territory.
attribute	depth_ft	long_name	String	Depth
attribute	depth_ft	standard_name	String	depth
attribute	depth_ft	units	String	feet
variable	habitat		String
attribute	habitat	bcodmo_name	String	site_descrip
attribute	habitat	description	String	Code for damselfish habitat: Dead Acrop = low relief, dead Acropora sp.; Bommies = coral bommies (high relief); Low Contin = low relief, continuous reef; High Contin = high relief, continuous reef.
attribute	habitat	long_name	String	Habitat
attribute	habitat	units	String	text
variable	date		String
attribute	date	bcodmo_name	String	date
attribute	date	description	String	Date when data were collected in mm/dd/YYYY format.
attribute	date	long_name	String	Date
attribute	date	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/
attribute	date	source_name	String	date
attribute	date	time_precision	String	1970-01-01
attribute	date	units	String	unitless

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.