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     data   graph     files  public Experimental results on density dependent loss and growth in invasive red lionfish sampled at
Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas in 2011
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The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String Field experiment on artificial patch reefs to test for presence of density
dependence in invasive red lionfish recruitment, immigration, loss, and growth
(in mass and length).\u00a0 Juvenile lionfish (40 - 71 mm total length [TL])
were collected from surrounding reefs by SCUBA divers using handnets and held
in 190-l flow-through aquaria prior to release onto the experimental matrix.
All lionfish were tagged subcutaneously using colored elastomer (Northwest
Marine Technology Inc., Shaw Island, Washington, USA) on the caudal peduncle
and/or slightly anterior to the caudal peduncle just under the dorsal
fins.\u00a0 All fish were held for at least 12 hours after tagging to allow
for recovery from any tagging effects and measured (TL to nearest 1 mm) and
weighed (wet weight [WW] to nearest 1 mg) just before being released onto the
experimental reefs.\u00a0 Lionfish were transplanted to 10 artificial patch
reefs (each measuring 1 cubic meter) so that 4 reefs had 0 lionfish on them
(controls) and 6 each had a unique density of lionfish (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12
lionfish).\u00a0 To account for changes in lionfish density throughout the
course of the experiment, we also calculated the weighted average weekly
lionfish density for each reef (1, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 12 lionfish/m^2 rounded to
the nearest fish).

A pair of trained observers using SCUBA recorded the number and identity of
tagged lionfish present on each reef weekly.\u00a0 If a lionfish was not seen
on a reef, we searched the surrounding sand and seagrass for approximately 10
minutes. If the lionfish was still not found, it was marked as absent for that
week. If never found again, it was marked as lost from the last day it was
seen.\u00a0 We recorded the number of new lionfish recruits present on each
reef weekly.\u00a0 Any new lionfish were immediately removed to preserve the
treatment densities.\u00a0 Every two weeks, we recaptured all tagged lionfish
on scuba using handnets, re-measured their TL in situ, and immediately
released them back to their original locations on the reef. At the conclusion
of the experiment (after 8-weeks), lionfish were re-captured and re-weighed.

All data were entered by one person, and then subsequently checked by another
person to ensure accuracy.\u00a0
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 561016
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-1233027
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1233027 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String David L. Garrison
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 50534
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String Density Dependence - Growth Persistence
Lead PI: Mark Hixon
Sub-Project Lead: Casey Benkwitt
Version 14 September 2016
Species codes are first two letters of genus and species; See species key.
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2016-08-05T16:44:08Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2019-05-22T19:06:16Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.653277.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/653277 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, data, dataset, date, density, dmo, erddap, initial, length, lionfish, lionfish_density_initial, lionfish_density_mean, lionfish_id, management, mass, mean, number, oceanography, office, preliminary, presence, reef, reef_number, tag, total, total_length
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/653277/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/653277 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'653277': {}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/653277/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String University of Hawaii
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Mark Hixon
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 51647
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String Oregon State University
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String OSU
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Cassandra E. Benkwitt
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 51706
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String Contact
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_name String Hannah Ake
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_nid String 650173
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String BiodiversityLossEffects_lionfish
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String BiodiversityLossEffects_lionfish
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String The Pacific red lionfish (Pterois volitans), a popular aquarium fish, was introduced to the Atlantic Ocean in the vicinity of Florida in the late 20th century. Voraciously consuming small native coral-reef fishes, including the juveniles of fisheries and ecologically important species, the invader has undergone a population explosion that now ranges from the U.S. southeastern seaboard to the Gulf of Mexico and across the greater Caribbean region. The PI's past research determined that invasive lionfish (1) have escaped their natural enemies in the Pacific (lionfish are much less abundant in their native range); (2) are not yet controlled by Atlantic predators, competitors, or parasites; (3) have strong negative effects on populations of native Atlantic fishes; and (4) locally reduce the diversity (number of species) of native fishes. The lionfish invasion has been recognized as one of the major conservation threats worldwide.
The Bahamas support the highest abundances of invasive lionfish globally. This system thus provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the direct and indirect effects of a major invader on a diverse community, as well as the underlying causative mechanisms. The PI will focus on five related questions: (1) How does long-term predation by lionfish alter the structure of native reef-fish communities? (2) How does lionfish predation destabilize native prey population dynamics, possibly causing local extinctions? (3) Is there a lionfish-herbivore-seaweed trophic cascade on invaded reefs? (4) How do lionfish modify cleaning mutualisms on invaded reefs? (5) Are lionfish reaching densities where natural population limits are evident?
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2016-07
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String Three Bahamian sites: 24.8318, -076.3299; 23.8562, -076.2250; 23.7727, -076.1071; Caribbean Netherlands: 12.1599, -068.2820
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String Mechanisms and Consequences of Fish Biodiversity Loss on Atlantic Coral Reefs Caused by Invasive Pacific Lionfish
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 561017
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_website String http://hixon.science.oregonstate.edu/content/highlight-lionfish-invasion (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2012-08
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Experimental results on density dependent loss and growth in invasive red lionfish sampled at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas in 2011
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String Experimental results on density dependent loss and growth in invasive red lionfish sampled at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas in 2011
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable presence   String  
attribute presence bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute presence description String Present = present on or within several meters of reef; Absent = not found on reef or in surrounding areas
attribute presence long_name String Presence
attribute presence units String unitless
variable lionfish_id   String  
attribute lionfish_id bcodmo_name String sample
attribute lionfish_id description String Unique lionfish number for each individual
attribute lionfish_id long_name String Lionfish Id
attribute lionfish_id nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/ (external link)
attribute lionfish_id units String unitless
variable reef_number   String  
attribute reef_number bcodmo_name String site
attribute reef_number description String Unique reef identification code
attribute reef_number long_name String Reef Number
attribute reef_number units String unitless
variable lionfish_density_initial   byte  
attribute lionfish_density_initial _FillValue byte 127
attribute lionfish_density_initial actual_range byte 2, 12
attribute lionfish_density_initial bcodmo_name String density
attribute lionfish_density_initial description String Initial number of lionfish that were transplanted to each reef. Because each reef measured 1 meters squared lionfish density = number of lionfish on the reef.
attribute lionfish_density_initial long_name String Lionfish Density Initial
attribute lionfish_density_initial units String count per square meter
variable lionfish_density_mean   byte  
attribute lionfish_density_mean _FillValue byte 127
attribute lionfish_density_mean actual_range byte 1, 12
attribute lionfish_density_mean bcodmo_name String mean
attribute lionfish_density_mean description String Average lionfish density (rounded to the nearest fish) on each reef throughout the experiment.
attribute lionfish_density_mean long_name String Lionfish Density Mean
attribute lionfish_density_mean units String count per square meter
variable tag   String  
attribute tag bcodmo_name String sample
attribute tag description String Side of body: R = right L = left; Color: B=blue O = orange Y = yellow G = green; Position on body: UC = upper caudal LC = lower caudal UM = upper middle
attribute tag long_name String Tag
attribute tag nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/ (external link)
attribute tag units String unitless
variable date   String  
attribute date bcodmo_name String date
attribute date description String Date that lionfish were sampled; mm/dd/yy
attribute date long_name String Date
attribute date nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/ (external link)
attribute date units String unitless
variable total_length   float  
attribute total_length _FillValue float NaN
attribute total_length actual_range float 4.0, 12.1
attribute total_length bcodmo_name String fish_len
attribute total_length description String Total length of lionfish length
attribute total_length long_name String Total Length
attribute total_length units String centimeters
variable mass   float  
attribute mass _FillValue float NaN
attribute mass actual_range float 0.406, 21.26
attribute mass bcodmo_name String mass
attribute mass description String Mass of lionfish
attribute mass long_name String Mass
attribute mass units String grams

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.


 
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