ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_653689

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	FGDC, ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
		data	graph		files	public	[Behavior of focal lionfish at different prey densities] - Focal lionfish behaviors at different densities of local lionfish and prey fish in Eleuthera, Bahamas from July to August in 2012 (Mechanisms and Consequences of Fish Biodiversity Loss on Atlantic Coral Reefs Caused by Invasive Pacific Lionfish)		I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_653689

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	This was an observational field study conducted from June - August 2012 to determine whether lionfish behavior and movements change at different local lionfish and prey fish densities. \u00a0The study was conducted on sixteen reefs in Rock Sound, Elethera, The Bahamas.\u00a0 All reefs were at least 300 m from any reef on which lionfish removals had occurred, and were selected to encompass a range of natural lionfish densities and reef sizes. \u00a0 A pair of divers visited each reef at three times of day: within 2 hours of sunrise (\u2018dawn\u2019), greater than 3 hours from sunrise or sunset (\u2018midday\u2019), and within 2 hours of sunset (\u2018dusk\u2019).\u00a0 Upon arriving at a reef, observers counted the number of lionfish present by conducting lionfish-focused searches.\u00a0 For each lionfish, observers recorded the size (total length, visually estimated to the nearest cm), behavior, and location the moment it was sighted.\u00a0 Behaviors were categorized as resting (sitting on the substrate, not moving), hovering (in the water column oriented parallel to the bottom, but not moving), swimming (actively moving), or hunting (oriented head down with pectoral fins flared).\u00a0 Location was categorized as the microhabitat on which lionfish were observed (e.g. under a ledge, on top of the reef, in the surrounding seagrass) and later divided into two major categories: sheltering (hidden under structure) or exposed (on top of reef or in surrounding area).\u00a0 Then, 10-minute focal observations were conducted on two randomly-selected lionfish or a single lionfish when there was only one individual present per reef.\u00a0 During focal observations, a trained observer recorded the behavior of lionfish at 30-second intervals for 10 minutes using the same categories as above.\u00a0 The observers also noted any strikes at prey, successful kills, and obviously aggressive interactions (chases, posturing) between lionfish or between lionfish and other species.\u00a0 Throughout the entire visit to each reef, divers noted the time when any lionfish departed from or arrived at the reef and its behavior.\u00a0 A lionfish was defined as departing from the reef if it traveled at least 10 m from the reef.\u00a0 A lionfish was considered arriving at a reef if it swam in from the surrounding areas and had not been previously observed at that reef during that observation period.\u00a0 At the conclusion of the focal observations, the divers re-counted the number of lionfish present while conducting a survey of resident native fishes.\u00a0 Divers recorded the abundance and body size (TL) of all fish 1 - 15 cm TL, native mesopredators that are ecologically similar to lionfish (e.g. Cephalopholis cruentata [graysby grouper]), and top predators (e.g. Epinephelus striatus [Nassau grouper]) on and within 1 m of the reef.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	561016
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-1233027
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1233027
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	David L. Garrison
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	50534
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	Behavior and Movement - Focal Behaviors Lead PI: Mark Hixon Sub-Project Lead: Casey Benkwitt Version 9 August 2016 Species codes are first two letters of genus and species; See species key.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2016-08-10T16:01:12Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2019-05-22T18:34:29Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&time<now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.653689.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/653689
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	bco, bco-dmo, biological, blow, blow_species, blows, chemical, data, dataset, date, departed, dmo, end, erddap, hover, hunt, kill, kill_species, kills, management, notes, number, number_blows, number_kills, number_strikes, oceanography, office, period, preliminary, prop, prop_hover, prop_hunt, prop_rest, prop_swim, ptvo, PTVO_size, reef, rest, returned, size, species, specific, specific_location, start, strike, strike_species, strikes, swim, time, time_end, time_period, time_start
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/653689/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/653689
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'653689': {}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/653689/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	University of Hawaii
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Mark Hixon
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	51647
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	Oregon State University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	OSU
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Cassandra E. Benkwitt
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	51706
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Contact
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Hannah Ake
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	650173
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	BiodiversityLossEffects_lionfish
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	BiodiversityLossEffects_lionfish
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	The Pacific red lionfish (Pterois volitans), a popular aquarium fish, was introduced to the Atlantic Ocean in the vicinity of Florida in the late 20th century. Voraciously consuming small native coral-reef fishes, including the juveniles of fisheries and ecologically important species, the invader has undergone a population explosion that now ranges from the U.S. southeastern seaboard to the Gulf of Mexico and across the greater Caribbean region. The PI's past research determined that invasive lionfish (1) have escaped their natural enemies in the Pacific (lionfish are much less abundant in their native range); (2) are not yet controlled by Atlantic predators, competitors, or parasites; (3) have strong negative effects on populations of native Atlantic fishes; and (4) locally reduce the diversity (number of species) of native fishes. The lionfish invasion has been recognized as one of the major conservation threats worldwide. The Bahamas support the highest abundances of invasive lionfish globally. This system thus provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the direct and indirect effects of a major invader on a diverse community, as well as the underlying causative mechanisms. The PI will focus on five related questions: (1) How does long-term predation by lionfish alter the structure of native reef-fish communities? (2) How does lionfish predation destabilize native prey population dynamics, possibly causing local extinctions? (3) Is there a lionfish-herbivore-seaweed trophic cascade on invaded reefs? (4) How do lionfish modify cleaning mutualisms on invaded reefs? (5) Are lionfish reaching densities where natural population limits are evident?
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2016-07
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	Three Bahamian sites: 24.8318, -076.3299; 23.8562, -076.2250; 23.7727, -076.1071; Caribbean Netherlands: 12.1599, -068.2820
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	Mechanisms and Consequences of Fish Biodiversity Loss on Atlantic Coral Reefs Caused by Invasive Pacific Lionfish
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	561017
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_website	String	http://hixon.science.oregonstate.edu/content/highlight-lionfish-invasion
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2012-08
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Focal lionfish behaviors at different densities of local lionfish and prey fish in Eleuthera, Bahamas from July to August in 2012
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	[Behavior of focal lionfish at different prey densities] - Focal lionfish behaviors at different densities of local lionfish and prey fish in Eleuthera, Bahamas from July to August in 2012 (Mechanisms and Consequences of Fish Biodiversity Loss on Atlantic Coral Reefs Caused by Invasive Pacific Lionfish)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	time_period		String
attribute	time_period	bcodmo_name	String	time
attribute	time_period	description	String	Time of observation; classified as either dawn midday or dusk
attribute	time_period	long_name	String	Time Period
attribute	time_period	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AHMSAA01/
attribute	time_period	units	String	unitless
variable	date		String
attribute	date	bcodmo_name	String	date
attribute	date	description	String	Date that reef was surveyed; mm/dd/yy
attribute	date	long_name	String	Date
attribute	date	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/
attribute	date	units	String	unitless
variable	reef		String
attribute	reef	bcodmo_name	String	site
attribute	reef	description	String	Reef id where lionfish were observed
attribute	reef	long_name	String	Reef
attribute	reef	units	String	unitless
variable	time_start		String
attribute	time_start	bcodmo_name	String	time_start
attribute	time_start	description	String	Time that focal observation began; HH:MM
attribute	time_start	long_name	String	Time Start
attribute	time_start	units	String	unitless
variable	time_end		String
attribute	time_end	bcodmo_name	String	time_end
attribute	time_end	description	String	Time that focal observation ended; HH:MM
attribute	time_end	long_name	String	Time End
attribute	time_end	units	String	unitless
variable	PTVO_size		byte
attribute	PTVO_size	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	PTVO_size	actual_range	byte	13, 30
attribute	PTVO_size	bcodmo_name	String	fish_len
attribute	PTVO_size	description	String	Total length of lionfish
attribute	PTVO_size	long_name	String	PTVO Size
attribute	PTVO_size	units	String	centimeters
variable	specific_location		String
attribute	specific_location	bcodmo_name	String	site_descrip
attribute	specific_location	description	String	Location of lionfish within the reef
attribute	specific_location	long_name	String	Specific Location
attribute	specific_location	units	String	unitless
variable	prop_rest		float
attribute	prop_rest	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	prop_rest	actual_range	float	0.0, 1.0
attribute	prop_rest	bcodmo_name	String	time
attribute	prop_rest	description	String	Proportion of time focal lionfish spent resting (out of 10 minute observation period)
attribute	prop_rest	long_name	String	Prop Rest
attribute	prop_rest	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AHMSAA01/
attribute	prop_rest	units	String	dimensionless
variable	prop_hover		float
attribute	prop_hover	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	prop_hover	actual_range	float	0.0, 1.0
attribute	prop_hover	bcodmo_name	String	time
attribute	prop_hover	description	String	Proportion of time focal lionfish spent hovering (out of 10 minute observation period)
attribute	prop_hover	long_name	String	Prop Hover
attribute	prop_hover	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AHMSAA01/
attribute	prop_hover	units	String	dimensionless
variable	prop_swim		float
attribute	prop_swim	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	prop_swim	actual_range	float	0.0, 0.48
attribute	prop_swim	bcodmo_name	String	time
attribute	prop_swim	description	String	Proportion of time focal lionfish spent swimming (out of 10 minute observation period)
attribute	prop_swim	long_name	String	Prop Swim
attribute	prop_swim	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AHMSAA01/
attribute	prop_swim	units	String	dimensionless
variable	prop_hunt		float
attribute	prop_hunt	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	prop_hunt	actual_range	float	0.0, 1.0
attribute	prop_hunt	bcodmo_name	String	time
attribute	prop_hunt	description	String	Proportion of time focal lionfish spent hunting (out of 10 minute observation period)
attribute	prop_hunt	long_name	String	Prop Hunt
attribute	prop_hunt	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AHMSAA01/
attribute	prop_hunt	units	String	dimensionless
variable	departed		String
attribute	departed	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	departed	description	String	Y = yes: lionfish departed from reef during observation; N = no: lionfish did not depart from reef during observation
attribute	departed	long_name	String	Departed
attribute	departed	units	String	unitless
variable	returned		String
attribute	returned	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	returned	description	String	If lionfish departed from reef: Y = yes lionfish returned to reef during observation; N = no lionfish did not return to reef during observation
attribute	returned	long_name	String	Returned
attribute	returned	units	String	unitless
variable	number_strikes		byte
attribute	number_strikes	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	number_strikes	actual_range	byte	1, 1
attribute	number_strikes	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	number_strikes	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	number_strikes	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	number_strikes	description	String	Number of times lionfish struck at prey (attempts) during observation
attribute	number_strikes	long_name	String	Number Strikes
attribute	number_strikes	units	String	count
variable	strike_species		String
attribute	strike_species	bcodmo_name	String	species
attribute	strike_species	description	String	Species that lionfish struck at
attribute	strike_species	long_name	String	Strike Species
attribute	strike_species	units	String	unitless
variable	number_blows		byte
attribute	number_blows	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	number_blows	actual_range	byte	1, 5
attribute	number_blows	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	number_blows	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	number_blows	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	number_blows	description	String	Number of times lionfish used the blowing technique during observation
attribute	number_blows	long_name	String	Number Blows
attribute	number_blows	units	String	count
variable	blow_species		String
attribute	blow_species	bcodmo_name	String	species
attribute	blow_species	description	String	Species that lionfish blew at
attribute	blow_species	long_name	String	Blow Species
attribute	blow_species	units	String	unitless
variable	number_kills		byte
attribute	number_kills	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	number_kills	actual_range	byte	0, 1
attribute	number_kills	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	number_kills	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	number_kills	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	number_kills	description	String	Number of times lionfish successfully captured prey during observation
attribute	number_kills	long_name	String	Number Kills
attribute	number_kills	units	String	count
variable	kill_species		String
attribute	kill_species	bcodmo_name	String	species
attribute	kill_species	description	String	Species that lionfish captured
attribute	kill_species	long_name	String	Kill Species
attribute	kill_species	units	String	unitless
variable	notes		String
attribute	notes	bcodmo_name	String	comment
attribute	notes	description	String	Notes on observations
attribute	notes	long_name	String	Notes
attribute	notes	units	String	unitless

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.