ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_653775

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	FGDC, ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
		data	graph		files	public	[Reef observations during lionfish behavior surveys] - General information about lionfish density and envrionmental conditions in Eleuthera, Bahamas from July to August in 2012 (Mechanisms and Consequences of Fish Biodiversity Loss on Atlantic Coral Reefs Caused by Invasive Pacific Lionfish)		I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_653775

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	This was an observational field study conducted from June - August 2012 to determine whether lionfish behavior and movements change at different local lionfish and prey fish densities. \u00a0The study was conducted on sixteen reefs in Rock Sound, Elethera, The Bahamas.\u00a0 All reefs were at least 300 m from any reef on which lionfish removals had occurred, and were selected to encompass a range of natural lionfish densities and reef sizes. \u00a0 A pair of divers visited each reef at three times of day: within 2 hours of sunrise (\u2018dawn\u2019), greater than 3 hours from sunrise or sunset (\u2018midday\u2019), and within 2 hours of sunset (\u2018dusk\u2019).\u00a0 Upon arriving at a reef, observers counted the number of lionfish present by conducting lionfish-focused searches.\u00a0 For each lionfish, observers recorded the size (total length, visually estimated to the nearest cm), behavior, and location the moment it was sighted.\u00a0 Behaviors were categorized as resting (sitting on the substrate, not moving), hovering (in the water column oriented parallel to the bottom, but not moving), swimming (actively moving), or hunting (oriented head down with pectoral fins flared).\u00a0 Location was categorized as the microhabitat on which lionfish were observed (e.g. under a ledge, on top of the reef, in the surrounding seagrass) and later divided into two major categories: sheltering (hidden under structure) or exposed (on top of reef or in surrounding area).\u00a0 Then, 10-minute focal observations were conducted on two randomly-selected lionfish or a single lionfish when there was only one individual present per reef.\u00a0 During focal observations, a trained observer recorded the behavior of lionfish at 30-second intervals for 10 minutes using the same categories as above.\u00a0 The observers also noted any strikes at prey, successful kills, and obviously aggressive interactions (chases, posturing) between lionfish or between lionfish and other species.\u00a0 Throughout the entire visit to each reef, divers noted the time when any lionfish departed from or arrived at the reef and its behavior.\u00a0 A lionfish was defined as departing from the reef if it traveled at least 10 m from the reef.\u00a0 A lionfish was considered arriving at a reef if it swam in from the surrounding areas and had not been previously observed at that reef during that observation period.\u00a0 At the conclusion of the focal observations, the divers re-counted the number of lionfish present while conducting a survey of resident native fishes.\u00a0 Divers recorded the abundance and body size (TL) of all fish 1 - 15 cm TL, native mesopredators that are ecologically similar to lionfish (e.g. Cephalopholis cruentata [graysby grouper]), and top predators (e.g. Epinephelus striatus [Nassau grouper]) on and within 1 m of the reef.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	561016
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-1233027
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1233027
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	David L. Garrison
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	50534
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	Behavior and Movement - Reef Observation Data Lead PI: Mark Hixon Sub-Project Lead: Casey Benkwitt Version 9 August 2016 Species codes are first two letters of genus and species; See species key.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2016-08-10T20:04:50Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2019-05-22T18:22:46Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&time<now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.653775.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/653775
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	amount, area, atmosphere, bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, cloud, cloud cover, cloud_area_fraction, cloud_cover, cloudiness, clouds, cover, current, data, dataset, date, density, dmo, earth, Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Amount/Frequency, erddap, fraction, frequency, lionfish, management, max, max_lionfish_density, max_lionfish_number, number, oceanography, office, period, preliminary, prey, prey_density, reef, science, site, site_size, size, time, time_period
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords_vocabulary	String	GCMD Science Keywords
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/653775/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/653775
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'653775': {}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/653775/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	University of Hawaii
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Mark Hixon
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	51647
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	Oregon State University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	OSU
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Cassandra E. Benkwitt
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	51706
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Contact
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Hannah Ake
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	650173
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	BiodiversityLossEffects_lionfish
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	BiodiversityLossEffects_lionfish
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	The Pacific red lionfish (Pterois volitans), a popular aquarium fish, was introduced to the Atlantic Ocean in the vicinity of Florida in the late 20th century. Voraciously consuming small native coral-reef fishes, including the juveniles of fisheries and ecologically important species, the invader has undergone a population explosion that now ranges from the U.S. southeastern seaboard to the Gulf of Mexico and across the greater Caribbean region. The PI's past research determined that invasive lionfish (1) have escaped their natural enemies in the Pacific (lionfish are much less abundant in their native range); (2) are not yet controlled by Atlantic predators, competitors, or parasites; (3) have strong negative effects on populations of native Atlantic fishes; and (4) locally reduce the diversity (number of species) of native fishes. The lionfish invasion has been recognized as one of the major conservation threats worldwide. The Bahamas support the highest abundances of invasive lionfish globally. This system thus provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the direct and indirect effects of a major invader on a diverse community, as well as the underlying causative mechanisms. The PI will focus on five related questions: (1) How does long-term predation by lionfish alter the structure of native reef-fish communities? (2) How does lionfish predation destabilize native prey population dynamics, possibly causing local extinctions? (3) Is there a lionfish-herbivore-seaweed trophic cascade on invaded reefs? (4) How do lionfish modify cleaning mutualisms on invaded reefs? (5) Are lionfish reaching densities where natural population limits are evident?
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2016-07
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	Three Bahamian sites: 24.8318, -076.3299; 23.8562, -076.2250; 23.7727, -076.1071; Caribbean Netherlands: 12.1599, -068.2820
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	Mechanisms and Consequences of Fish Biodiversity Loss on Atlantic Coral Reefs Caused by Invasive Pacific Lionfish
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	561017
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_website	String	http://hixon.science.oregonstate.edu/content/highlight-lionfish-invasion
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2012-08
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	General information about lionfish density and envrionmental conditions in Eleuthera, Bahamas from July to August in 2012
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	[Reef observations during lionfish behavior surveys] - General information about lionfish density and envrionmental conditions in Eleuthera, Bahamas from July to August in 2012 (Mechanisms and Consequences of Fish Biodiversity Loss on Atlantic Coral Reefs Caused by Invasive Pacific Lionfish)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	time_period		String
attribute	time_period	bcodmo_name	String	time
attribute	time_period	description	String	Time of observation; classified as either dawn midday or dusk
attribute	time_period	long_name	String	Time Period
attribute	time_period	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AHMSAA01/
attribute	time_period	units	String	unitless
variable	date		String
attribute	date	bcodmo_name	String	date
attribute	date	description	String	Date that reef was surveyed; mm/dd/yy
attribute	date	long_name	String	Date
attribute	date	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/
attribute	date	units	String	unitless
variable	reef		String
attribute	reef	bcodmo_name	String	site
attribute	reef	description	String	Reef id where lionfish were observed
attribute	reef	long_name	String	Reef
attribute	reef	units	String	unitless
variable	site_size		float
attribute	site_size	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	site_size	actual_range	float	1.48, 32.99
attribute	site_size	bcodmo_name	String	site
attribute	site_size	description	String	Size of reef
attribute	site_size	long_name	String	Site Size
attribute	site_size	units	String	meters
variable	max_lionfish_number		byte
attribute	max_lionfish_number	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	max_lionfish_number	actual_range	byte	1, 16
attribute	max_lionfish_number	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	max_lionfish_number	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	max_lionfish_number	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	max_lionfish_number	description	String	Maximum number of lionfish observed on reef at during that observation
attribute	max_lionfish_number	long_name	String	Max Lionfish Number
attribute	max_lionfish_number	units	String	count
variable	max_lionfish_density		float
attribute	max_lionfish_density	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	max_lionfish_density	actual_range	float	0.037, 1.477
attribute	max_lionfish_density	bcodmo_name	String	density
attribute	max_lionfish_density	description	String	Maximum density of lionfish observed on reef during that observation
attribute	max_lionfish_density	long_name	String	Max Lionfish Density
attribute	max_lionfish_density	units	String	max count per site area
variable	prey_density		float
attribute	prey_density	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	prey_density	actual_range	float	0.635, 20.142
attribute	prey_density	bcodmo_name	String	density
attribute	prey_density	description	String	Total density of prey fishes (0-5 cm total length) on reef during that observation
attribute	prey_density	long_name	String	Prey Density
attribute	prey_density	units	String	count per meter
variable	cloud_cover		byte
attribute	cloud_cover	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	cloud_cover	actual_range	byte	5, 95
attribute	cloud_cover	bcodmo_name	String	cloud_pct
attribute	cloud_cover	colorBarMaximum	double	1.0
attribute	cloud_cover	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	cloud_cover	description	String	Percent of cloud cover
attribute	cloud_cover	long_name	String	Cloud Area Fraction
attribute	cloud_cover	units	String	percent
variable	current		String
attribute	current	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	current	description	String	Strength of current underwater: L = low M = medium
attribute	current	long_name	String	Current
attribute	current	units	String	unitless

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.