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Grid DAP Data | Sub- set | Table DAP Data | Make A Graph | W M S | Source Data Files | Acces- sible | Title | Sum- mary | FGDC, ISO, Metadata | Back- ground Info | RSS | E | Institution | Dataset ID |
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data | graph | files | public | [Biomass and density data] - Biomass and density data from in and outside of an MPA in Viti Levu, Fiji from 2010-2012 (Killer Seaweeds project) (Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals) | I M | background | BCO-DMO | bcodmo_dataset_674116 |
Row Type | Variable Name | Attribute Name | Data Type | Value |
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attribute | NC_GLOBAL | access_formats | String | .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | acquisition_description | String | The study was conducted from November 2010 through February 2011 and between November 2011 and January 2012 on shallow (~1 m below the surface at low tide, equal or shallower than 2 m at high tide), intertidal fringing reefs platforms (up to 800-m wide) along the Coral Coast (18\u00ba\u00a013.05\u2019S, 177\u00ba\u00a042.97\u2019E) of Viti Levu, Fiji\u2019s main island. Many of the owners of traditional fishing rights along the Coral Coast have established small, customary no-take MPAs to improve and sustain their adjacent fishing grounds. The MPAs in this region are delimited by surface markings and enforced by local villagers, and they have been closed to all fishing activities since their inception (about 10 years). The only exception to this closure was a small experimental hook and line fishing research project that was conducted in the MPAs of Votua and\u00a0Namada. In the \u00a0non-MPAs, the main fishing targets are species of Acanthuridae (Nasinae), Epinephelidae, Labridae, Mullidae, and Lutjanidae. Permission for the research was granted by the Fijian Ministry of Education, National Heritage, Culture & Arts, Youth & Sports, which is authorized to approve field studies in Fijian waters. No animal collection or experimental procedures involving animals were conducted during the study, and no endangered species were recorded during our assessments.\u00a0 To assess the effects of MPAs on fish assemblages, fish feeding group composition, herbivory rates, benthic cover, and coral recruit density, we compared three spatially paired MPA and adjacent, fished, areas (non-MPAs) associated with the villages of Votua,\u00a0Vatu-o-lalai\u00a0and\u00a0Namada.\u00a0 Comparisons of fish assemblages inside and outside of closures are widely used for determining the effects of reserves, but it should be acknowledged that this approach does not reveal the state of an MPA relative to an undisturbed baseline.\u00a0 The studied MPAs were established in 2002 (Vatu-o-lalai,\u00a0Namada) and 2003 (Votua), and shortly after establishment, coral cover was low (~7%), and\u00a0macroalgal\u00a0cover was high (~35\u201345%) in both the MPAs and \u00a0non-MPAs. All surveys and assays were conducted during the same season (austral summer) to minimize seasonal variation in sampling. The reef extends approx. 1 km from shore within each MPA and\u00a0non-MPA,\u00a0and all data were collected between 30 and 700 m of the shore (i.e., shoreward of the reef crest) parallel to the\u00a0shoreline. Fish assemblages: Underwater visual censuses (UVC) were used to assess fish assemblages in MPAs and non-MPAs at the three village sites. Underwater visibility at all study sites (> 15 m) was appropriate for the use of UVC, but due to the visual limitations of this method, we did not consider cryptic species or species with a maximum total length < 5 cm. During our surveys, we categorized species into two major categories (Herbivores and Non-herbivores) that were subdivided into ten sub-categories. Herbivores include the main roving nominally herbivorous fish clades, which play an important role in the control of benthic algae, and these species were further divided into four sub-categories (browsers, grazers, scrapers, and excavators) according to diet, feeding mode, and impact on the benthos. The category of Non-herbivores includes all species that feed on other, non-algal resources. Separate 30m x 4m belt transects were performed for Herbivores and Non- herbivores. While simultaneously deploying the transect line, a snorkeler recorded all non-cryptic fishes (either Herbivores or Non-herbivores) within 2 m of either side of the transect. Individual fish were identified to species and placed into 5-cm (total length) size classes, and the lengths were converted to biomass using established length-weight relationships.\u00a0 Transects were conducted in each area within 2 h of high tide (approx. 1.5 m depth) and were equally distributed between the two sampling periods (Dec 2010\u2013Jan 2011 and Dec 2011\u2013Jan 2012), the months within each sampled year (December and January of each year). On each sampling day, four to six transects were deployed on the reef parallel to the shoreline, with a minimum of 10m between adjacent transects. To ensure that transects were independent and non-overlapping, small numbered surface floats were placed at the start and end of each transect, and were left in position during all sampling. Care was taken to avoid re-counting fishes that left and subsequently re-entered the transect areas. The initial starting point of the transects for each day was selected based on a map of the study sites with two constraints: (1) as to a minimum distance from shore\u00a0(at least 30 m), and a minimum distance from the MPA boundaries\u00a0(150 m).\u00a0 Density of coral recruits: To assess the effect of the MPAs on the replenishment of coral populations, the density of coral recruits on natural reef substrata was assessed at night during January and February 2011 using a fluorescence technique. Coral recruit counts were conducted along a series of 50-m long transects positioned parallel to shore, and a total of 18 transects (n = 9 MPA; n = 9 non-MPA) were performed at each of the three village sites (n = 54 transects total). Ten 25 cm x 30 cm rectangular quadrats were randomly placed along each transect with a minimum distance of 2 m between quadrats (540 plots total). Once a quadrat was deployed on the substratum, all coral recruits within the borders of the quadrat were counted.\u00a0 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_0_award_nid | String | 480718 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_0_award_number | String | OCE-0929119 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_0_data_url | String | http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0929119 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_0_funder_name | String | NSF Division of Ocean Sciences |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_0_funding_acronym | String | NSF OCE |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_0_funding_source_nid | String | 355 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_0_program_manager | String | David L. Garrison |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_0_program_manager_nid | String | 50534 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_1_award_nid | String | 674109 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_1_award_number | String | U01-TW007401 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_1_data_url | String | https://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_description.cfm?icde=0&aid=7741942 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_1_funder_name | String | National Institutes of Health |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_1_funding_acronym | String | NIH |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_1_funding_source_nid | String | 636502 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_1_program_manager | String | Flora Katz |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | awards_1_program_manager_nid | String | 674108 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | cdm_data_type | String | Other |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | comment | String | M. Hay Biomass and Density data Version 6 January 2017 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | Conventions | String | COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | creator_email | String | info at bco-dmo.org |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | creator_name | String | BCO-DMO |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | creator_type | String | institution |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | creator_url | String | https://www.bco-dmo.org/ |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | data_source | String | extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | date_created | String | 2017-01-07T00:24:32Z |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | date_modified | String | 2019-04-05T15:49:59Z |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | defaultDataQuery | String | &time<now |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | doi | String | 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.674116.1 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | infoUrl | String | https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/674116 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | institution | String | BCO-DMO |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | keywords | String | abundance, bco, bco-dmo, biological, biomass, chemical, data, dataset, day, dmo, erddap, management, minor, oceanography, office, preliminary, site, status, transect, type, year |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | license | String | https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/674116/license |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | metadata_source | String | https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/674116 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | param_mapping | String | {'674116': {}} |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | parameter_source | String | https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/674116/parameters |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_0_affiliation | String | Georgia Institute of Technology |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_0_affiliation_acronym | String | Georgia Tech |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_0_person_name | String | Mark Hay |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_0_person_nid | String | 480720 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_0_role | String | Principal Investigator |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_0_role_type | String | originator |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_1_affiliation | String | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_1_affiliation_acronym | String | WHOI BCO-DMO |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_1_person_name | String | Hannah Ake |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_1_person_nid | String | 650173 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_1_role | String | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | people_1_role_type | String | related |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | project | String | Killer Seaweeds |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | projects_0_acronym | String | Killer Seaweeds |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | projects_0_description | String | Extracted from the NSF award abstract: Coral reefs are in dramatic global decline, with reefs commonly converting from species-rich and topographically-complex communities dominated by corals to species- poor and topographically-simplified communities dominated by seaweeds. These phase-shifts result in fundamental loss of ecosystem function. Despite debate about whether coral-to-algal transitions are commonly a primary cause, or simply a consequence, of coral mortality, rigorous field investigation of seaweed-coral competition has received limited attention. There is limited information on how the outcome of seaweed-coral competition varies among species or the relative importance of different competitive mechanisms in facilitating seaweed dominance. In an effort to address this topic, the PI will conduct field experiments in the tropical South Pacific (Fiji) to determine the effects of seaweeds on corals when in direct contact, which seaweeds are most damaging to corals, the role allelopathic lipids that are transferred via contact in producing these effects, the identity and surface concentrations of these metabolites, and the dynamic nature of seaweed metabolite production and coral response following contact. The herbivorous fishes most responsible for controlling allelopathic seaweeds will be identified, the roles of seaweed metabolites in allelopathy vs herbivore deterrence will be studied, and the potential for better managing and conserving critical reef herbivores so as to slow or reverse conversion of coral reef to seaweed meadows will be examined. Preliminary results indicate that seaweeds may commonly damage corals via lipid- soluble allelochemicals. Such chemically-mediated interactions could kill or damage adult corals and produce the suppression of coral fecundity and recruitment noted by previous investigators and could precipitate positive feedback mechanisms making reef recovery increasingly unlikely as seaweed abundance increases. Chemically-mediated seaweed-coral competition may play a critical role in the degradation of present-day coral reefs. Increasing information on which seaweeds are most aggressive to corals and which herbivores best limit these seaweeds may prove useful in better managing reefs to facilitate resilience and possible recovery despite threats of global-scale stresses. Fiji is well positioned to rapidly use findings from this project for better management of reef resources because it has already erected >260 MPAs, Fijian villagers have already bought-in to the value of MPAs, and the Fiji Locally-Managed Marine Area (FLMMA) Network is well organized to get information to villagers in a culturally sensitive and useful manner. The broader impacts of this project are far reaching. The project provides training opportunities for 2-2.5 Ph.D students and 1 undergraduate student each year in the interdisciplinary areas of marine ecology, marine conservation, and marine chemical ecology. Findings from this project will be immediately integrated into classes at Ga Tech and made available throughout Fiji via a foundation and web site that have already set-up to support marine conservation efforts in Fiji and marine education efforts both within Fiji and internationally. Business and community leaders from Atlanta (via Rotary International Service efforts) have been recruited to help organize and fund community service and outreach projects in Fiji -- several of which are likely to involve marine conservation and education based in part on these efforts there. Media outlets (National Geographic, NPR, Animal Planet, Audubon Magazine, etc.) and local Rotary clubs will be used to better disseminate these discoveries to the public. PUBLICATIONS PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF THIS RESEARCH Rasher DB, Stout EP, Engel S, Kubanek J, and ME Hay. "Macroalgal terpenes function as allelopathic agents against reef corals", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 108, 2011, p. 17726. Beattie AJ, ME Hay, B Magnusson, R de Nys, J Smeathers, JFV Vincent. "Ecology and bioprospecting," Austral Ecology, v.36, 2011, p. 341. Rasher DB and ME Hay. "Seaweed allelopathy degrades the resilience and function of coral reefs," Communicative and Integrative Biology, v.3, 2010. Hay ME, Rasher DB. "Corals in crisis," The Scientist, v.24, 2010, p. 42. Hay ME and DB Rasher. "Coral reefs in crisis: reversing the biotic death spiral," Faculty 1000 Biology Reports 2010, v.2, 2010. Rasher DB and ME Hay. "Chemically rich seaweeds poison corals when not controlled by herbivores", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v.107, 2010, p. 9683. |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | projects_0_end_date | String | 2014-08 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | projects_0_geolocation | String | Viti Levu, Fiji (18º13.049’S, 177º42.968’E) |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | projects_0_name | String | Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | projects_0_project_nid | String | 480717 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | projects_0_start_date | String | 2009-09 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | publisher_name | String | Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | publisher_type | String | institution |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | sourceUrl | String | (local files) |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | standard_name_vocabulary | String | CF Standard Name Table v55 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | summary | String | Biomass and density data from in and outside of an MPA in Viti Levu, Fiji from 2010-2012 (Killer Seaweeds project) |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | title | String | [Biomass and density data] - Biomass and density data from in and outside of an MPA in Viti Levu, Fiji from 2010-2012 (Killer Seaweeds project) (Killer Seaweeds: Allelopathy against Fijian Corals) |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | version | String | 1 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | xml_source | String | osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3 |
variable | type | String | ||
attribute | type | bcodmo_name | String | sample |
attribute | type | description | String | Category of fish assemblage sampled; Herbivores include the main roving nominally herbivorous fish clades; non-herbivores includes all species that feed on other, non-algal resources. |
attribute | type | long_name | String | Type |
attribute | type | nerc_identifier | String | https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/ |
attribute | type | units | String | unitless |
variable | site | String | ||
attribute | site | bcodmo_name | String | site |
attribute | site | description | String | Site name |
attribute | site | long_name | String | Site |
attribute | site | units | String | unitless |
variable | status | String | ||
attribute | status | bcodmo_name | String | site_descrip |
attribute | status | description | String | Status of area where sampling was done; Marine Protected Area (MPA) or non-MPA (NON) |
attribute | status | long_name | String | Status |
attribute | status | units | String | unitless |
variable | minor | String | ||
attribute | minor | bcodmo_name | String | species |
attribute | minor | description | String | Species were further divided into four sub-categories (browsers grazers scrapers and excavators) according to diet feeding mode and impact on the benthos. |
attribute | minor | long_name | String | Minor |
attribute | minor | units | String | unitless |
variable | year | String | ||
attribute | year | bcodmo_name | String | date_range |
attribute | year | description | String | (A) Sampling took place between December 2010 and January 2011; (B) Sampling took place between December 2011 and January 2012 |
attribute | year | long_name | String | Year |
attribute | year | units | String | unitless |
variable | day | String | ||
attribute | day | bcodmo_name | String | time_point |
attribute | day | description | String | Day that sampling took place within each years sampling event. A B and C all took place in during year A (Dec 2010 - Jan 2011); D E and F all took place during year B (Dec 2011 - Jan 2012) |
attribute | day | long_name | String | Day |
attribute | day | units | String | unitless |
variable | transect | byte | ||
attribute | transect | _FillValue | byte | 127 |
attribute | transect | actual_range | byte | 1, 31 |
attribute | transect | bcodmo_name | String | transect |
attribute | transect | description | String | Transect number |
attribute | transect | long_name | String | Transect |
attribute | transect | units | String | unitless |
variable | biomass | double | ||
attribute | biomass | _FillValue | double | NaN |
attribute | biomass | actual_range | double | 0.0, 26372.24249 |
attribute | biomass | bcodmo_name | String | biomass |
attribute | biomass | description | String | Biomass of fish observed |
attribute | biomass | long_name | String | Biomass |
attribute | biomass | units | String | centimeters |
variable | abundance | short | ||
attribute | abundance | _FillValue | short | 32767 |
attribute | abundance | actual_range | short | 0, 314 |
attribute | abundance | bcodmo_name | String | abundance |
attribute | abundance | description | String | Abundance of each species observed |
attribute | abundance | long_name | String | Abundance |
attribute | abundance | nerc_identifier | String | https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P03/current/B070/ |
attribute | abundance | units | String | count |
The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.