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     data   graph     files  public Path analysis, run in Stata v. 11.1, for direct/indirect effects of upwelling on seabirds;
data were collected at Dassen and Robben Islands, Malgas Island and in Lamberts Bay, South
Africa
   ?     I   M   background (external link) RSS Subscribe BCO-DMO bcodmo_dataset_679946

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String These data include total anchovy and sardine biomass west and southeast of
Cape Agulhas (sampled in November), and anchovy and sardine recruitment west
of Cape Infanta (sampled in May). Seabird variables included % of the diet
comprised of anchovy, % of the diet comprised of sardine, breeding success,
and survival. African penguin data were collected at Dassen and Robben
Islands, South Africa. Cape gannets data were collected at colonies on Malgas
Island and in Lamberts Bay, South Africa.

These variables were entered into path analyses, run in Stata v. 11.1
(StataCorp). Path models were designed a priori with upwelling as the base
predictor variable, fish biomass (both species) and anchovy recruitment as
intermediate predictors, and a seabird metric as the response variable. Path
analysis produces beta coefficients for each path segment of the model. To
determine the dominant path of effect, the beta coefficients for each indirect
path were multiplied together, then summed. This sum of the products of all of
the indirect paths was compared to the beta coefficient of the direct path of
effect. The greater value indicated if the dominant path was direct or
indirect. If indirect, the path with the largest beta coefficient product was
considered the dominant path of the model. Note that fish biomass, and anchovy
recruitment data were ln-transformed prior to analysis. Anchovy and sardine
biomass were lagged one year for analyses of penguin responses, to precede the
penguin breeding season when those measurements were collected.
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 564664
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-1434732
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1434732 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String David L. Garrison
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 50534
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String Benguela Current Ecosystem Path Analysis
PI: Bryan Black (Marine Science Institute, UT Austin)
Co-PIs: William Sydeman & Marisol Garcia Reyes (Farallon Institute), Steven Bograd (NOAA SWFSC)
Version: 01 Feb 2017
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2017-02-01T20:53:45Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2019-08-05T16:35:33Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.679946.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/679946 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String anc, anc_recruitment, anc_tot_biomass, ap_di_anc_pcnt_diet, ap_di_bs, ap_di_sar_pcnt_diet, ap_di_surv, ap_ri_anc_pcnt_diet, ap_ri_bs, ap_ri_sar_pcnt_diet, ap_ri_surv, aperture, bco, bco-dmo, biological, biomass, cg_lb_anc_pcnt_diet, cg_lb_bs, cg_lb_sar_pcnt_diet, cg_lb_surv, cg_mi_anc_pcnt_diet, cg_mi_bs, cg_mi_sar_pcnt_diet, cg_mi_surv, chemical, data, dataset, diet, dmo, erddap, management, oceanography, office, pcnt, preliminary, radar, recruitment, sar, sar_tot_biomass, sardine, sardine_recruitment, surv, synthetic, tot, year
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/679946/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/679946 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'679946': {}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/679946/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String University of Texas at Austin
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation_acronym String UT Austin
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Bryan Black
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 51409
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Southwest Fisheries Science Center
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String NOAA SWFSC ERD
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Steven Bograd
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 51411
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation String Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_name String Marisol Garcia Reyes
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_nid String 674985
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation String Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_name String William Sydeman
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_nid String 51410
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_affiliation String Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_person_name String William Sydeman
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_person_nid String 51410
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_role String Contact
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_4_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_person_name String Shannon Rauch
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_person_nid String 51498
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_5_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String CalBenJI
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String CalBenJI
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String Desciption from NSF award abstract:
Along the west coasts of North and South America, Africa, and Iberia, alongshore equatorward winds bring nutrient-rich waters to the sunlit surface of the ocean, stimulating phytoplankton blooms that support robust, rich and diverse ecosystems. This process is known as "upwelling". Because upwelling is driven by winds, and winds are related to atmospheric conditions, upwelling is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. However, the potential impacts of climate change on upwelling and biology remain largely uncertain. In earlier work in the California Current upwelling system, off the west coast of the United States, researchers found that upwelling occurs in distinct winter and summer "modes" that have different impacts on biology. In this project, oceanographic and atmospheric data from the Benguela Current system, off South Africa and Namibia, will be analyzed for similar seasonal patterns and relationships with the ecosystem. Comparisons between these two upwelling systems will allow researchers to investigate if previous findings of regional climate impacts on biology are applicable at a global scale and consider how these systems may change in the future. The project will facilitate collaboration between researchers from South Africa, Namibia, and the United States, integrating a team of young and senior scientists from the three countries and providing them with opportunities for broad-scale scientific synthesis early in their careers.
This project will be a comparative analyses of climate forcing and biological responses in the California Current (CCS) and Benguela Current systems (BCS), the two upwelling systems with the most similar time series of atmospheric and oceanographic conditions, seabird demography, and lower (chlorophyll) and mid (forage fish) trophic data. The project will determine whether changes in the ecosystems can be attributed to regional or global climate processes. Growth-increment chronologies from fish in the BCS (deep-water hake) will be developed as indicators of upper-trophic fish growth, and compared to rockfish growth chronologies developed in the CCS. Mid-trophic level fish abundance will be modeled as indices of prey availability for integration between climate and upper-trophic-level parameters. Oceanographic and atmospheric data will be analyzed from global observational and reanalysis data sets, as well as from earth system model projections of climate change. The project will address the following questions:
1) are seasonal upwelling modes (winter and summer) discernible in the BCS as they are in the CCS?
2) are upwelling modes forced by similar or contrasting atmospheric forcing mechanisms?
3) is there evidence of coherence/covariance among mid-trophic fish, upper-trophic fish, and seabirds (and at which lags) within and between the CCS and BCS?
4) will the positioning and amplitude of the atmospheric pressure systems that result in upwelling-favorable winds change coherently between ecosystems under various climate-change scenarios? and
5) what are the fisheries and wildlife management implications for variability in the seasonality and spatial distribution of upwelling in a changing climate?
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2016-08
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String California Current Ecosystem and Benguela Current Ecosystem
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String Climate Change and Upwelling -- Comparative Analysis of Current and Future Responses of the California and Benguela Ecosystems
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 564665
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2014-09
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Path analysis, run in Stata v. 11.1, for direct/indirect effects of upwelling on seabirds; data were collected at Dassen and Robben Islands, Malgas Island and in Lamberts Bay, South Africa.
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String Path analysis, run in Stata v. 11.1, for direct/indirect effects of upwelling on seabirds; data were collected at Dassen and Robben Islands, Malgas Island and in Lamberts Bay, South Africa
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable year   short  
attribute year _FillValue short 32767
attribute year actual_range short 1978, 2015
attribute year bcodmo_name String year
attribute year description String 4-digit year of sampling
attribute year long_name String Year
attribute year nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/YEARXXXX/ (external link)
attribute year units String unitless
variable anc_tot_biomass   double  
attribute anc_tot_biomass _FillValue double NaN
attribute anc_tot_biomass actual_range double 162048.4866, 6720286.963
attribute anc_tot_biomass bcodmo_name String biomass
attribute anc_tot_biomass description String Total anchovy biomass for the southwestern Benguela Current Ecosystem along the west coast of South Africa southeast through Cape Agulhas. Sampling season: November.
attribute anc_tot_biomass long_name String Anc Tot Biomass
attribute anc_tot_biomass units String tons
variable sar_tot_biomass   float  
attribute sar_tot_biomass _FillValue float NaN
attribute sar_tot_biomass actual_range float 0.045, 4.206
attribute sar_tot_biomass bcodmo_name String biomass
attribute sar_tot_biomass description String Total sardine biomass for the southwestern Benguela Current Ecosystem along the west coast of South Africa southeast through Cape Agulhas. Sampling season: November.
attribute sar_tot_biomass long_name String Sar Tot Biomass
attribute sar_tot_biomass units String millions of tons
variable anc_recruitment   float  
attribute anc_recruitment _FillValue float NaN
attribute anc_recruitment actual_range float 25.771, 627.2
attribute anc_recruitment bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute anc_recruitment description String Total anchovy recruitment for the southwestern Benguela Current Ecosystem along the west coast of South Africa southeast through Cape Infanta. Sampling season: May.
attribute anc_recruitment long_name String Anc Recruitment
attribute anc_recruitment units String billions of fish
variable sardine_recruitment   float  
attribute sardine_recruitment _FillValue float NaN
attribute sardine_recruitment actual_range float 0.439, 60.065
attribute sardine_recruitment bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute sardine_recruitment description String Total sardine recruitment for the southwestern Benguela Current Ecosystem along the west coast of South Africa southeast through Cape Infanta. Sampling season: May.
attribute sardine_recruitment long_name String Sardine Recruitment
attribute sardine_recruitment units String billions of fish
variable ap_di_anc_pcnt_diet   float  
attribute ap_di_anc_pcnt_diet _FillValue float NaN
attribute ap_di_anc_pcnt_diet actual_range float 24.9, 98.8
attribute ap_di_anc_pcnt_diet bcodmo_name String mass
attribute ap_di_anc_pcnt_diet description String Percent of the Dassen Island African penguin diet mass that was anchovy
attribute ap_di_anc_pcnt_diet long_name String Ap Di Anc Pcnt Diet
attribute ap_di_anc_pcnt_diet units String percent (%)
variable ap_di_sar_pcnt_diet   float  
attribute ap_di_sar_pcnt_diet _FillValue float NaN
attribute ap_di_sar_pcnt_diet actual_range float 0.0, 32.2
attribute ap_di_sar_pcnt_diet bcodmo_name String mass
attribute ap_di_sar_pcnt_diet description String Percent of the Dassen Island African penguin diet mass that was sardine
attribute ap_di_sar_pcnt_diet long_name String Ap Di Sar Pcnt Diet
attribute ap_di_sar_pcnt_diet units String percent (%)
variable ap_di_bs   float  
attribute ap_di_bs _FillValue float NaN
attribute ap_di_bs actual_range float 0.651, 1.376
attribute ap_di_bs bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute ap_di_bs description String Dassen Island African penguin breeding success
attribute ap_di_bs long_name String Ap Di Bs
attribute ap_di_bs units String number of chicks fledged/pair
variable ap_di_surv   float  
attribute ap_di_surv _FillValue float NaN
attribute ap_di_surv actual_range float 0.43, 0.824
attribute ap_di_surv bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute ap_di_surv description String Dassen Island African penguin adult survival (fraction surviving)
attribute ap_di_surv long_name String Ap Di Surv
attribute ap_di_surv units String unitless (fraction)
variable ap_ri_anc_pcnt_diet   float  
attribute ap_ri_anc_pcnt_diet _FillValue float NaN
attribute ap_ri_anc_pcnt_diet actual_range float 33.1, 98.3
attribute ap_ri_anc_pcnt_diet bcodmo_name String mass
attribute ap_ri_anc_pcnt_diet description String Percent of the Robben Island African penguin diet mass that was anchovy
attribute ap_ri_anc_pcnt_diet long_name String Ap Ri Anc Pcnt Diet
attribute ap_ri_anc_pcnt_diet units String percent (%)
variable ap_ri_sar_pcnt_diet   float  
attribute ap_ri_sar_pcnt_diet _FillValue float NaN
attribute ap_ri_sar_pcnt_diet actual_range float 0.0, 12.1
attribute ap_ri_sar_pcnt_diet bcodmo_name String mass
attribute ap_ri_sar_pcnt_diet description String Percent of the Robben Island African penguin diet mass that was sardine
attribute ap_ri_sar_pcnt_diet long_name String Ap Ri Sar Pcnt Diet
attribute ap_ri_sar_pcnt_diet units String percent (%)
variable ap_ri_bs   float  
attribute ap_ri_bs _FillValue float NaN
attribute ap_ri_bs actual_range float 0.319, 0.968
attribute ap_ri_bs bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute ap_ri_bs description String Robben Island African penguin breeding success
attribute ap_ri_bs long_name String Ap Ri Bs
attribute ap_ri_bs units String number of chicks fledged/pair
variable ap_ri_surv   float  
attribute ap_ri_surv _FillValue float NaN
attribute ap_ri_surv actual_range float 0.464, 0.998
attribute ap_ri_surv bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute ap_ri_surv description String Robben Island African penguin adult survival (fraction surviving)
attribute ap_ri_surv long_name String Ap Ri Surv
attribute ap_ri_surv units String unitless (fraction)
variable cg_lb_anc_pcnt_diet   float  
attribute cg_lb_anc_pcnt_diet _FillValue float NaN
attribute cg_lb_anc_pcnt_diet actual_range float 1.5, 83.1
attribute cg_lb_anc_pcnt_diet bcodmo_name String mass
attribute cg_lb_anc_pcnt_diet description String Percent of the Lamberts Bay Cape gannett diet mass that was anchovy
attribute cg_lb_anc_pcnt_diet long_name String Cg Lb Anc Pcnt Diet
attribute cg_lb_anc_pcnt_diet units String percent (%)
variable cg_lb_sar_pcnt_diet   float  
attribute cg_lb_sar_pcnt_diet _FillValue float NaN
attribute cg_lb_sar_pcnt_diet actual_range float 2.5, 66.5
attribute cg_lb_sar_pcnt_diet bcodmo_name String mass
attribute cg_lb_sar_pcnt_diet description String Percent of the Lamberts Bay Cape gannett diet mass that was sardine
attribute cg_lb_sar_pcnt_diet long_name String Cg Lb Sar Pcnt Diet
attribute cg_lb_sar_pcnt_diet units String percent (%)
variable cg_lb_bs   float  
attribute cg_lb_bs _FillValue float NaN
attribute cg_lb_bs actual_range float 0.0, 0.982
attribute cg_lb_bs bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute cg_lb_bs description String Lamberts Bay Cape gannett breeding success
attribute cg_lb_bs long_name String CG LB BS
attribute cg_lb_bs units String number of chicks fledged/pair
variable cg_lb_surv   float  
attribute cg_lb_surv _FillValue float NaN
attribute cg_lb_surv actual_range float 0.768, 0.901
attribute cg_lb_surv bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute cg_lb_surv description String Lamberts Bay Cape gannett adult survival (fraction surviving)
attribute cg_lb_surv long_name String Cg Lb Surv
attribute cg_lb_surv units String unitless (fraction)
variable cg_mi_anc_pcnt_diet   float  
attribute cg_mi_anc_pcnt_diet _FillValue float NaN
attribute cg_mi_anc_pcnt_diet actual_range float 0.8, 46.5
attribute cg_mi_anc_pcnt_diet bcodmo_name String mass
attribute cg_mi_anc_pcnt_diet description String Percent of the Malgas Island Cape gannett diet mass that was anchovy
attribute cg_mi_anc_pcnt_diet long_name String Cg Mi Anc Pcnt Diet
attribute cg_mi_anc_pcnt_diet units String percent (%)
variable cg_mi_sar_pcnt_diet   float  
attribute cg_mi_sar_pcnt_diet _FillValue float NaN
attribute cg_mi_sar_pcnt_diet actual_range float 1.0, 64.1
attribute cg_mi_sar_pcnt_diet bcodmo_name String mass
attribute cg_mi_sar_pcnt_diet description String Percent of the Malgas Island Cape gannett diet mass that was sardine
attribute cg_mi_sar_pcnt_diet long_name String Cg Mi Sar Pcnt Diet
attribute cg_mi_sar_pcnt_diet units String percent (%)
variable cg_mi_bs   float  
attribute cg_mi_bs _FillValue float NaN
attribute cg_mi_bs actual_range float 0.0, 0.819
attribute cg_mi_bs bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute cg_mi_bs description String Malgas Island Cape gannett breeding success
attribute cg_mi_bs long_name String Cg Mi Bs
attribute cg_mi_bs units String number of chicks fledged/pair
variable cg_mi_surv   float  
attribute cg_mi_surv _FillValue float NaN
attribute cg_mi_surv actual_range float 0.761, 0.947
attribute cg_mi_surv bcodmo_name String unknown
attribute cg_mi_surv description String Malgas Island Cape gannett adult survival (fraction surviving)
attribute cg_mi_surv long_name String Cg Mi Surv
attribute cg_mi_surv units String unitless (fraction)

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.


 
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