ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_719459

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
		data	graph		files	public	Size of Bugula neritina colonies with and without symbiont grown at different temperatures in laboratory mesocosms at Georgia Tech		I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_719459

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	Bugula neritina colonies were collected by hand off the sides of floating docks around Morehead City, NC (latitude: 34.7, longitude: -76.8). Larvae from individual colonies were collected and settled into 10 mL of filtered seawater with (treated) or without (control) 100 ug/mL of gentamicin.\u00a0Larvae were allowed to settle overnight. The control and treated seawater was changed the next morning for the next 3 days. The plates were transported to Georgia Tech where they were placed in 2.5 gallon tanks with artificial seawater maintained in environmental chambers at 16 degrees C and 22 degrees C. They were fed ad libitum an artificial diet of the phytoplankton Rhodomonas lens for approximately one month.\u00a0After the 1-month period, the size of the colonies was measured by counting the number of bifurcations in each colony.\u00a0A Leica stereomicroscope was used while counting the number of colony bifurcations. Samples of larvae, juvenile, and the grown colonies were placed in RNAlater for symbiont quantification analysis by quantitative PCR (currently in progress).
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	645347
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-1608709
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1608709
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	Michael E. Sieracki
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	50446
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	Mesocosm Growth Data PI: Nicole Lopanik (Georgia Institute of Technology) Co-PI: Grace Lim-Fong (Randolph-Macon College) Version: 16 November 2017
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2017-11-16T19:34:09Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2019-08-01T19:47:24Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&time<now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.719459.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/719459
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid	String	719468
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_description	String	Instruments that generate enlarged images of samples using the phenomena of reflection and absorption of visible light. Includes conventional and inverted instruments. Also called a "light microscope".
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB05/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_name	String	Microscope-Optical
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_nid	String	708
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_supplied_name	String	Leica stereomicroscope
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_acronym	String	Aquarium
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid	String	719467
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_description	String	Aquarium - a vivarium consisting of at least one transparent side in which water-dwelling plants or animals are kept
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_name	String	Aquarium
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_nid	String	711
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_supplied_name	String	tank
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	average, bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, colony, colony_num, cont, cont_avg, cont_N, cont_sd, data, dataset, dmo, erddap, genotype, management, num, oceanography, office, preliminary, temperature, treat, treat_avg, treat_N, treat_sd
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/719459/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/719459
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'719459': {}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/719459/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	Georgia Institute of Technology
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation_acronym	String	Georgia Tech
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Nicole Lopanik
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	645350
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	Randolph-Macon College
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Grace Lim-Fong
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	645352
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Shannon Rauch
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	51498
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	BiogeogDefensiveSymb
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	BiogeogDefensiveSymb
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	Recent research has shown that microorganisms can be very important to their eukaryotic hosts, by providing nutrition or contributing to host defense against enemies, such as pathogens or predators. In many cases, however, hosting a bacterial symbiont imposes a physiological cost on the host organism, resulting in reduced growth or reproduction in the presence of the symbiont. Further, these costs may be more pronounced in some habitats than others, causing natural selection to act in eliminating symbiont-containing hosts from the population. In this project, the investigators are studying the relationship between the marine bryozoan invertebrate, Bugula neritina, and its uncultured symbiont. The symbiont produces natural products with activity against cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and HIV. Interestingly, these compounds also are distasteful and protect larvae from predators, indicating that this symbiotic relationship is defensive in nature. Along the East Coast of the US, the investigators have found a much higher proportion of individuals that have the defensive symbiont at lower latitudes, while the symbiont is absent in individuals collected at higher latitudes. This pattern is consistent with the theory that higher predation pressure exists at lower latitudes. Other environmental factors, such as temperature, can also vary over a wide geographical area, and may also play a role in influencing the relationship. In this project, the investigators will evaluate the ecological and environmental parameters that influence the distribution of a defensive symbiont, including predation pressure and temperature. Defensive symbionts represent another level of ecological complexity, and likely play an important role in structuring marine communities. This study will provide insight into how environmental factors can influence host-symbiont interactions and drive partner co-evolution. Furthermore, the bioactive products have pharmaceutical potential, and understanding how environmental factors influence the relationship between B. neritina and its symbiont may improve bioprospecting for novel compounds that could be developed into drugs. In this research, the investigators will determine the ecological and environmental parameters that influence the distribution of a defensive symbiont in the marine bryozoan, Bugula neritina. The goal of this research is to determine the mechanism that results in the defensive endosymbiont being restricted to hosts that inhabit lower latitudes. This pattern of symbiont distribution could be the result of differing levels of costs and benefits at different latitudes: where predation pressure is low, the costs of hosting the symbiont outweigh the benefits, and aposymbiotic individuals outcompete their symbiotic conspecifics. In areas of higher predation, the defensive benefit outweighs the cost, and symbiotic individuals have higher survival rates than their undefended, aposymbiotic conspecifics. An alternative, but not mutually exclusive hypothesis, is that symbiont growth is inhibited at higher latitudes, where it is not as beneficial, and growth is induced in areas of higher predation. Specific goals are to determine if (1) a biogeographical cline in predation pressure corresponds to a gradient of symbiont frequency associating with the host, (2) symbiotic hosts have a higher fitness at low latitudes, and aposymbiotic hosts have a higher fitness at high latitudes, and (3) symbiont growth is promoted at low latitudes and inhibited at high latitudes. A combination of field and laboratory-based experiments will be conducted using ecological and molecular biology techniques. Bioactive compounds produced by symbionts of marine invertebrates can mediate multi-trophic interactions and potentially influence benthic community structure. There has been almost no research, however, on how ecological and environmental parameters influence the distribution of marine defensive endosymbionts. Related Reference: Linneman J, Paulus D, Lim-Fong G, Lopanik NB (2014) Latitudinal Variation of a Defensive Symbiosis in the Bugula neritina (Bryozoa) Sibling Species Complex. PLoS ONE 9(10): e108783. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108783
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2018-04
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	Western Atlantic coast, ranging from latitudes 38.61283 to 29.753272
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	Biogeography of a marine defensive microbial symbiont: relative importance of host defense vs. abiotic factors
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	645348
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2015-09
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Size of Bugula neritina colonies with and without symbiont grown at different temperatures in laboratory mesocosms at Georgia Tech.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	Size of Bugula neritina colonies with and without symbiont grown at different temperatures in laboratory mesocosms at Georgia Tech
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	temperature		byte
attribute	temperature	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	temperature	actual_range	byte	16, 22
attribute	temperature	bcodmo_name	String	temperature
attribute	temperature	description	String	Temperature in microcosm
attribute	temperature	long_name	String	Temperature
attribute	temperature	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/TEMPP901/
attribute	temperature	units	String	degrees Celsius
variable	colony_num		byte
attribute	colony_num	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	colony_num	actual_range	byte	1, 29
attribute	colony_num	bcodmo_name	String	sample
attribute	colony_num	description	String	Specific colony identifier
attribute	colony_num	long_name	String	Colony Num
attribute	colony_num	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/
attribute	colony_num	units	String	unitless
variable	genotype		String
attribute	genotype	bcodmo_name	String	sample_descrip
attribute	genotype	description	String	Host genotype/symbiont presence: S+ means Type S host bryozoan (S), with the symbiont (+, as opposed to -); N+ is Type N host (N), with the symbiont (+).
attribute	genotype	long_name	String	Genotype
attribute	genotype	units	String	unitless
variable	cont_avg		float
attribute	cont_avg	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	cont_avg	actual_range	float	3.2, 8.6
attribute	cont_avg	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	cont_avg	description	String	Average size in bifurcations in control colonies
attribute	cont_avg	long_name	String	Cont Avg
attribute	cont_avg	units	String	unitless
variable	cont_sd		float
attribute	cont_sd	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	cont_sd	actual_range	float	0.0, 3.14
attribute	cont_sd	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	cont_sd	colorBarMaximum	double	50.0
attribute	cont_sd	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	cont_sd	description	String	Standard deviation of average size in bifurcations in control colonies
attribute	cont_sd	long_name	String	Cont Sd
attribute	cont_sd	units	String	unitless
variable	cont_N		byte
attribute	cont_N	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	cont_N	actual_range	byte	0, 7
attribute	cont_N	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	cont_N	description	String	Number of control colonies in which size was measured
attribute	cont_N	long_name	String	Cont N
attribute	cont_N	units	String	unitless
variable	treat_avg		float
attribute	treat_avg	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	treat_avg	actual_range	float	2.0, 10.0
attribute	treat_avg	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	treat_avg	description	String	Average size in bifurcations in antibiotic treated colonies
attribute	treat_avg	long_name	String	Treat Avg
attribute	treat_avg	units	String	unitless
variable	treat_sd		float
attribute	treat_sd	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	treat_sd	actual_range	float	0.47, 2.0
attribute	treat_sd	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	treat_sd	colorBarMaximum	double	50.0
attribute	treat_sd	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	treat_sd	description	String	Standard deviation of average size in bifurcations in treated colonies
attribute	treat_sd	long_name	String	Treat Sd
attribute	treat_sd	units	String	unitless
variable	treat_N		byte
attribute	treat_N	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	treat_N	actual_range	byte	0, 5
attribute	treat_N	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	treat_N	description	String	Number of treated colonies in which size was measured
attribute	treat_N	long_name	String	Treat N
attribute	treat_N	units	String	unitless

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.