ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_737163

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	FGDC, ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
	set	data	graph		files	public	[Primary Production] - Primary productivity measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time- Series (HOT) project from October 1988 to December 2019 at station ALOHA. ([Current] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): 2018-2023; [Previous] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): Sustaining ocean ecosystem and climate observations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre)		F   I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_737163

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson,.odvTxt
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	Photosynthetic production of organic matter was measured by the 14C tracer method. All incubations from 1990 through mid-2000 were conducted in situ at eight depths (5, 25, 45, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175m) over one daylight period using a free-drifting array as described by Winn et al. (1991). Starting HOT-119 (October 2000), we collected samples from only the upper six depths & modeled the lower two depths based on the monthly climatology. During 2015, all incubations were conducted in situ on a free floating, surface tethered array. Integrated carbon assimilation rates were calculated using the trapezoid rule with the shallowest value extended to 0 meters and the deepest extrapolated to a value of zero at 200 meters. The information below has been copied from the HOT\u00a0Field & Laboratory Protocols page, found at\u00a0[http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/protocols/protocols.html#](\\"http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/protocols/protocols.html#\\") (last visited on 2018-05-21). SUMMARY: The 14C-radiotracer method is used to measure the assimilation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by phytoplankton as an estimate of the rate of photosynthetic production of organic matter in the euphotic zone. 1\. Principle The 14C method, originally proposed by Steeman-Nielsen (1952), is used to estimate the uptake of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by planktonic algae in the water column. The method is based on the fact that the biological uptake of14C-labeled DIC is proportional to the biological uptake of 12C-DIC. If one knows the initial concentration of DIC in a water sample, the amount of 14C- DIC added, the 14C retained in particulate organic matter (14C-POC) at the end of the incubation and the metabolic discrimination between the two isotopes of carbon (i.e., 5% discrimination against the heavier 14C isotope), then it is possible to estimate the total uptake of carbon from the following relationship: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 DIC * 14C-POC * 1.05 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 C uptake\u00a0 =\u00a0 \u00a0-------------------- \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 14C-DIC added\u00a0 Due to the potentially toxic effects of trace metals on phytoplankton metabolism in oligotrophic waters, the following procedure is used to minimize the contact between water samples and possible sources of contamination. 2. Cleaning 2.1. HCl (Baker Instra-Analyzed) solution (1M) is prepared with high purity hydrochloric acid and freshly-prepared glass distilled deionized water (DDW). 2.2. 500 ml polycarbonate bottles are rinsed twice with 1M HCl (Baker Instra- Analyzed) and left overnight filled with the same acid solution. The acid is removed by rinsing the bottles three times with DDW before air drying. 2.3. Go-Flo bottles, fitted with teflon-coated springs, are rinsed three times with 1M HCl and DDW before use. 2.4. Pipette tips used in the preparation of the isotope stock and in the inoculation of samples are rinsed three times with concentrated HCl (Baker Instra-Analyzed), three times with DDW and once with the sodium carbonate solution (Chapter 14, section 3.2) and stored in a clean polyethylene glove until used. 3. Isotope Stock 3.1. The preparation of the isotope stock is performed wearing polyethylene gloves. A 25 ml acid-washed teflon bottle and a 50 ml acid-washed polypropylene centifuge tube are rinsed three times with DDW. 3.2. 0.032 g of anhydrous Na2CO3 (ALDRICH 20,442-0, 99.999% purity) are dissolved in 50 ml DDW in the centrifuge tube to provide a solution of 6 mmol Na2CO3 per liter. 3.3. 3.5 ml of NaH-14CO3 (53 mCi mmol-1; Research Products Inc.) are mixed with 16.5 ml of the above prepared Na2CO3 solution in the teflon bottle. 3.4. The new stock activity is checked by counting triplicate 10 \u00b5l samples with 1 ml \u03b2-phenethylamine in 10 ml Aquasol-II. 3.5. Triplicate 10 \u00b5l stock samples are also acidified with 1 ml of 2 M HCl, mixed intermittently for 1-2 hours and counted in 10 ml Aquasol-II to confirm that there is no 14C-organic carbon contamination. The acidification is done under the hood. The acidified dpm should be <0.001% of the total dpm of the 14C preparation. 4. Incubation Systems Typically we measure primary production using in situ incubation techniques. 4.1. A free-floating array equipped with VHF radio and strobe light is used for the in situ incubations. Incubation bottles are attached to a horizontal polycarbonate spreader bar which is then attached to the 200 m, 1/2\" polypropylene in situ line at the depths corresponding to the sample collections. 4.2. Generally eight incubation depths are selected (5-175 m, approximately). 5. Sampling 5.1. Approximately 3 hours before local sunrise, seawater samples are collected with acid- washed, 12-liter Go-Flo bottles using Kevlar line, metal-free sheave, teflon messengers and a stainless steel bottom weight. A dedicated hydrowinch is used for the primary productivity sampling procedures in a further effort to reduce/eliminate all sources of trace metal contamination. 5.2. Under low light conditions, water samples are transferred to the incubation bottles (500 ml polycarbonate bottles) and stored in the dark. Polyethylene gloves are worn during sample collection and inoculation procedures. No drawing tubes are used. 6. Isotope Addition and Sample Incubation 6.1. Three light bottles, three dark bottles and 1 time-zero control (see Chapter 14, section 8) are collected at each depth for in situ incubation. In situ dark bottles are deployed in specially- designed, double-layered cloth bags with VelcroR closures. 6.2. After all water samples have been drawn from the appropriate Go-Flo bottles, 250 \u00b5l of the 14C-sodium carbonate stock solution is added to each sample using a specially-cleaned pipette tip. The samples are deployed before dawn on a free-floating, drifter buoy array. 6.3. At local sunset, the free-floating array is recovered and all in situ bottles are immediately placed in the dark and processed as soon as possible. The time of recovery is recorded. 7. Filtration 7.1. Filtration of the samples is done under low light conditions and begins as soon as the incubation bottles are recovered from the in situ array. 7.2. 200 \u00b5l are removed and placed into a second LSC vial containing 0.5 ml of \u03b2-phenethylamine. This sample is used for the determination of total radioactivity in each sample. 7.3. The remainder is filtered through a 25 mm diameter GF/F filters. The filters are placed into prelabelled, clean glass liquid scintillation counting vials (LSC vials) and stored at -20 \u00b0C. 8. 14C Sample Processing 8.1. One ml of 2 M HCl is added to each sample vial (under the hood). Vials are covered with their respective caps and shaken in a vortex mixer for at least 1 hour with venting at 20 minute intervals. To vent, the vials are removed from the shaker, and the cap opened (under the hood). After shaking is completed, the vials are left open to vent under the hood for an additional 24 hours. 8.2. Ten ml of Aquasol-II are added per vial (including vials for total 14C radioactivity) and the samples are counted in a liquid scintillation counter. Samples are counted again after 2 and 4 weeks, before discarding. Counts have shown a consistent increase during the first two weeks and become stable between the second and the fourth week. This is probably the result of sample hydrolysis or diffusion of radioactivity from the GF/F filter matrix, thereby reducing the extent of self-absorption. Only the 4-week count is used for 14C calculations. Counts per min (CPM) are converted to disintegration per min (DPM) using the channels ratio program supplied by the the manufacturer (Packard Instrument Co.)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	54915
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-0926766
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0926766
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	David L. Garrison
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	50534
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	version: 2018-05-18 Primary Production data from monthly HOT cruises to deep-water Station ALOHA
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2018-05-18T17:03:33Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2019-12-10T19:24:43Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&amp;time&lt;now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.737163.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Easternmost_Easting	double	-158.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_max	double	22.75
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_min	double	22.75
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_units	String	degrees_north
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_max	double	-158.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_min	double	-158.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_units	String	degrees_east
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_max	double	178.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_min	double	0.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_positive	String	down
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_units	String	m
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/737163
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_acronym	String	GO-FLO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description	String	Go-Flo bottles
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid	String	737174
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_description	String	GO-FLO bottle cast used to collect water samples for pigment, nutrient, plankton, etc. The GO-FLO sampling bottle is specially designed to avoid sample contamination at the surface, internal spring contamination, loss of sample on deck (internal seals), and exchange of water from different depths.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/30/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_name	String	GO-FLO Bottle
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_nid	String	411
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_supplied_name	String	Go-Flo bottles
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_acronym	String	Niskin bottle
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_dataset_instrument_description	String	External closing niskin sampled in-situ Incubation.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid	String	737212
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_description	String	A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24 or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_name	String	Niskin bottle
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_nid	String	413
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_supplied_name	String	External closing niskin
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_acronym	String	LSC
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_dataset_instrument_description	String	liquid scintillation counter (Packard model 4640; United Technologies Inc.)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_dataset_instrument_nid	String	737175
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_description	String	Liquid scintillation counting is an analytical technique which is defined by the incorporation of the radiolabeled analyte into uniform distribution with a liquid chemical medium capable of converting the kinetic energy of nuclear emissions into light energy. Although the liquid scintillation counter is a sophisticated laboratory counting system used the quantify the activity of particulate emitting (ß and a) radioactive samples, it can also detect the auger electrons emitted from 51Cr and 125I samples.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB21/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_instrument_name	String	Liquid Scintillation Counter
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_instrument_nid	String	624
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_supplied_name	String	liquid scintillation counter
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_dataset_instrument_description	String	temperature- and light-controlled deck incubation system (NORDA/USM incubation system)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_dataset_instrument_nid	String	737173
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_description	String	A device mounted on a ship that holds water samples under conditions of controlled temperature or controlled temperature and illumination.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_instrument_name	String	Shipboard Incubator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_instrument_nid	String	629001
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_supplied_name	String	NORDA/USM incubation system
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, chemistry, chl, Chl_a_mean, Chl_a_sd, chlorophyll, concentration, concentration_of_chlorophyll_in_sea_water, cruise, dark, Dark_rep1, Dark_rep2, Dark_rep3, data, dataset, date, density, depth, dmo, earth, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Chlorophyll, Earth Science > Oceans > Salinity/Density > Salinity, end, end_date_time, End_time, erddap, euk, filename, flag, hetero, incubation, Incubation_type, latitude, light, Light_rep1, Light_rep2, Light_rep3, longitude, management, mean, ocean, oceanography, oceans, office, pheo, Pheo_mean, Pheo_sd, practical, preliminary, prim, PrimProd_filename, prochl, prod, rep1, rep2, rep3, salinity, Salt, science, sea, sea_water_practical_salinity, seawater, start, start_date_time, Start_time, synecho, time, time2, type, water
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords_vocabulary	String	GCMD Science Keywords
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/737163/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/737163
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Northernmost_Northing	double	22.75
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'737163': {'lat': 'flag - latitude', 'Depth': 'flag - depth', 'lon': 'flag - longitude', 'end_date_time': 'flag - time'}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/737163/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	University of Hawaii at Manoa
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation_acronym	String	SOEST
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	David M. Karl
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	50750
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	University of Hawaii at Manoa
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	SOEST
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Lance A Fujieki
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	51683
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Contact
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Mathew Biddle
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	708682
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	HOT
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	HOT
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	Systematic, long-term observations are essential for evaluating natural variability of Earth’s climate and ecosystems and their responses to anthropogenic disturbances.  Since October 1988, the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program has investigated temporal dynamics in biology, physics, and chemistry at Stn. ALOHA (22°45' N, 158°W), a deep ocean field site in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). HOT conducts near monthly ship-based sampling and makes continuous observations from moored instruments to document and study NPSG climate and ecosystem variability over semi-diurnal to decadal time scales. HOT was founded to understand the processes controlling the time-varying fluxes of carbon and associated biogenic elements in the ocean and to document changes in the physical structure of the water column. To achieve these broad objectives, the program has several specific goals: Quantify time-varying (seasonal to decadal) changes in reservoirs and fluxes of carbon (C) and associated bioelements (nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and silicon). Identify processes controlling air-sea C exchange, rates of C transformation through the planktonic food web, and fluxes of C into the ocean’s interior. Develop a climatology of hydrographic and biogeochemical dynamics from which to form a multi-decadal baseline from which to decipher natural and anthropogenic influences on the NPSG ecosystem.  Provide scientific and logistical support to ancillary programs that benefit from the temporal context, interdisciplinary science, and regular access to the open sea afforded by HOT program occupation of Sta. ALOHA, including projects implementing, testing, and validating new methodologies, models, and transformative ocean sampling technologies. Over the past 24+ years, time-series research at Station ALOHA has provided an unprecedented view of temporal variability in NPSG climate and ecosystem processes.  Foremost among HOT accomplishments are an increased understanding of the sensitivity of bioelemental cycling to large scale ocean-climate interactions, improved quantification of reservoirs and time varying fluxes of carbon, identification of the importance of the hydrological cycle and its influence on upper ocean biogeochemistry, and the creation of long-term data sets from which the oceanic response to anthropogenic perturbation of elemental cycles may be gauged.  A defining characteristic of the NPSG is the perennially oligotrophic nature of the upper ocean waters.  This biogeochemically reactive layer of the ocean is where air-sea exchange of climate reactive gases occurs, solar radiation fuels rapid biological transformation of nutrient elements, and diverse assemblages of planktonic organisms comprise the majority of living biomass and sustain productivity.  The prevailing Ekman convergence and weak seasonality in surface light flux, combined with relatively mild subtropical weather and persistent stratification, result in a nutrient depleted upper ocean habitat.  The resulting dearth of bioessential nutrients limits plankton standing stocks and maintains a deep (175 m) euphotic zone.  Despite the oligotrophic state of the NPSG, estimates of net organic matter production at Sta. ALOHA are estimated to range ~1.4 and 4.2 mol C m2 yr1.  Such respectable rates of productivity have highlighted the need to identify processes supplying growth limiting nutrients to the upper ocean.  Over the lifetime of HOT numerous ancillary science projects have leveraged HOT science and infrastructure to examine possible sources of nutrients supporting plankton productivity.  Both physical (mixing, upwelling) and biotic (N2 fixation, vertical migration) processes supply nutrients to the upper ocean in this region, and HOT has been instrumental in demonstrating that these processes are sensitive to variability in ocean climate. Station ALOHA - site selection and infrastructure Station ALOHA is a deep water (~4800 m) location approximately 100 km north of the Hawaiian Island of Oahu.  Thus, the region is far enough from land to be free of coastal ocean dynamics and terrestrial inputs, but close enough to a major port (Honolulu) to make relatively short duration (45 m depth), below depths of detection by Earth-orbiting satellites.  The emerging data emphasize the value of in situ measurements for validating remote and autonomous detection of plankton biomass and productivity and demonstrate that detection of potential secular-scale changes in productivity against the backdrop of significant interannual and decadal fluctuations demands a sustained sampling effort.      Careful long-term measurements at Stn. ALOHA also highlight a well-resolved, though relatively weak, seasonal climatology in upper ocean primary productivity.  Measurements of 14C-primary production document a ~3-fold increase during the summer months (Karl et al., 2012) that coincides with increases in plankton biomass (Landry et al., 2001; Sheridan and Landry, 2004).  Moreover, phytoplankton blooms, often large enough to be detected by ocean color satellites, are a recurrent summertime feature of these waters (White et al., 2007; Dore et al., 2008; Fong et al., 2008). Analyses of ~13-years (1992-2004) of particulate C, N, P, and biogenic Si fluxes collected from bottom-moored deep-ocean (2800 m and 4000 m) sediment traps provide clues to processes underlying these seasonal changes.  Unlike the gradual summertime increase in sinking particle flux observed in the upper ocean (150 m) traps, the deep sea particle flux record depicts a sharply defined summer maximum that accounts for ~20% of the annual POC flux to the deep sea, and appears driven by rapidly sinking diatom biomass (Karl et al., 2012).  Analyses of the 15N isotopic signatures associated with sinking particles at Sta. ALOHA, together with genetic analyses of N2 fixing microorganisms, implicates upper ocean N2 fixation as a major control on the magnitude and efficiency of the biological carbon pump in this ecosystem (Dore et al., 2002; Church et al., 2009; Karl et al., 2012). Motivating Questions Science results from HOT continue to raise new, important questions about linkages between ocean climate and biogeochemistry that remain at the core of contemporary oceanography.  Answers have begun to emerge from the existing suite of core program measurements; however, sustained sampling is needed to improve our understanding of contemporary ecosystem behavior and our ability to make informed projections of future changes to this ecosystem. HOT continues to focus on providing answers to some of the questions below: How sensitive are rates of primary production and organic matter export to short- and long-term climate variability? What processes regulate nutrient supply to the upper ocean and how sensitive are these processes to climate forcing?  What processes control the magnitude of air-sea carbon exchange and over what time scales do these processes vary? Is the strength of the NPSG CO2 sink changing in time? To what extent does advection (including eddies) contribute to the mixed layer salinity budget over annual to decadal time scales and what are the implications for upper ocean biogeochemistry? How do variations in plankton community structure influence productivity and material export?  What processes trigger the formation and demise of phytoplankton blooms in a persistently stratified ocean ecosystem? References
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2014-12
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	North Pacific Subtropical Gyre; 22 deg 45 min N, 158 deg W
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): Sustaining ocean ecosystem and climate observations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	2101
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_website	String	http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/hot_jgofs.html
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	1988-07
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Southernmost_Northing	double	22.75
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	subsetVariables	String	longitude,latitude
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Primary productivity measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT). Photosynthetic production of organic matter was measured by the 14C tracer method. All incubations from 1990 through mid-2000 were conducted in situ at eight depths (5, 25, 45, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175m) over one daylight period using a free-drifting array as described by Winn et al. (1991). Starting HOT-119 (October 2000), we collected samples from only the upper six depths & modeled the lower two depths based on the monthly climatology. During 2015, all incubations were conducted in situ on a free floating, surface tethered array. Integrated carbon assimilation rates were calculated using the trapezoid rule with the shallowest value extended to 0 meters and the deepest extrapolated to a value of zero at 200 meters.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	time_coverage_start	String	1989-07-29T19:00:00Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	[Primary Production] - Primary productivity measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT) project from October 1988 to December 2019 at station ALOHA. ([Current] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): 2018-2023; [Previous] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): Sustaining ocean ecosystem and climate observations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Westernmost_Easting	double	-158.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	Cruise		short
attribute	Cruise	_FillValue	short	32767
attribute	Cruise	actual_range	short	1, 287
attribute	Cruise	bcodmo_name	String	cruise_id
attribute	Cruise	description	String	Cruise Number
attribute	Cruise	long_name	String	Cruise
attribute	Cruise	units	String	unitless
variable	longitude		double
attribute	longitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lon
attribute	longitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	longitude	actual_range	double	-158.0, -158.0
attribute	longitude	axis	String	X
attribute	longitude	bcodmo_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	colorBarMaximum	double	180.0
attribute	longitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-180.0
attribute	longitude	description	String	Longitude with East negative
attribute	longitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	longitude	long_name	String	Longitude
attribute	longitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/
attribute	longitude	standard_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	units	String	degrees_east
variable	latitude		double
attribute	latitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lat
attribute	latitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	latitude	actual_range	double	22.75, 22.75
attribute	latitude	axis	String	Y
attribute	latitude	bcodmo_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	colorBarMaximum	double	90.0
attribute	latitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-90.0
attribute	latitude	description	String	Latitude with South negative
attribute	latitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	latitude	long_name	String	Latitude
attribute	latitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/
attribute	latitude	standard_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	units	String	degrees_north
variable	PrimProd_filename		String
attribute	PrimProd_filename	bcodmo_name	String	file_name
attribute	PrimProd_filename	description	String	Original filename of the primary production data from HOT
attribute	PrimProd_filename	long_name	String	Prim Prod Filename
attribute	PrimProd_filename	units	String	unitless
variable	Incubation_type		String
attribute	Incubation_type	bcodmo_name	String	treatment
attribute	Incubation_type	description	String	O - GO-FLO sampled on-deck Incubation;  I - GO-FLO sampled in-situ Incubation; R - Rosette sampled in-situ Incubation; N - External closing niskin sampled in-situ Incubation.
attribute	Incubation_type	long_name	String	Incubation Type
attribute	Incubation_type	units	String	unitless
variable	Date		int
attribute	Date	_FillValue	int	2147483647
attribute	Date	actual_range	int	203, 991215
attribute	Date	bcodmo_name	String	date
attribute	Date	description	String	Date in YYMMDD format
attribute	Date	long_name	String	Date
attribute	Date	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/
attribute	Date	units	String	unitless
variable	Start_time		short
attribute	Start_time	_FillValue	short	32767
attribute	Start_time	actual_range	short	400, 740
attribute	Start_time	bcodmo_name	String	time_start
attribute	Start_time	description	String	Start Time in HHMM format
attribute	Start_time	long_name	String	Start Time
attribute	Start_time	units	String	unitless
variable	start_date_time		String
attribute	start_date_time	bcodmo_name	String	ISO_DateTime_UTC
attribute	start_date_time	description	String	start date and time in ISO 8601 format
attribute	start_date_time	long_name	String	Start Date Time
attribute	start_date_time	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DTUT8601/
attribute	start_date_time	units	String	unitless
variable	End_time		short
attribute	End_time	_FillValue	short	32767
attribute	End_time	actual_range	short	1500, 3130
attribute	End_time	bcodmo_name	String	time_end
attribute	End_time	description	String	End Time in HHMM format
attribute	End_time	long_name	String	End Time
attribute	End_time	units	String	unitless
variable	time		double
attribute	time	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Time
attribute	time	actual_range	double	6.17742E8, NaN
attribute	time	axis	String	T
attribute	time	bcodmo_name	String	ISO_DateTime_UTC
attribute	time	description	String	end date and time in ISO 8601 format
attribute	time	ioos_category	String	Time
attribute	time	long_name	String	End Date Time
attribute	time	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DTUT8601/
attribute	time	standard_name	String	time
attribute	time	time_origin	String	01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute	time	units	String	seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable	time2		float
attribute	time2	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	time2	actual_range	float	8.5, 25.0
attribute	time2	bcodmo_name	String	duration
attribute	time2	description	String	Incubation Time
attribute	time2	long_name	String	Time
attribute	time2	units	String	hours
variable	depth		double
attribute	depth	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Height
attribute	depth	_CoordinateZisPositive	String	down
attribute	depth	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	depth	actual_range	double	0.0, 178.0
attribute	depth	axis	String	Z
attribute	depth	bcodmo_name	String	depth
attribute	depth	colorBarMaximum	double	8000.0
attribute	depth	colorBarMinimum	double	-8000.0
attribute	depth	colorBarPalette	String	TopographyDepth
attribute	depth	description	String	Depth
attribute	depth	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	depth	long_name	String	Depth
attribute	depth	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/DEPH/
attribute	depth	positive	String	down
attribute	depth	standard_name	String	depth
attribute	depth	units	String	m
variable	Chl_a_mean		float
attribute	Chl_a_mean	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Chl_a_mean	actual_range	float	0.004, 0.5
attribute	Chl_a_mean	bcodmo_name	String	chlorophyll a
attribute	Chl_a_mean	colorBarMaximum	double	30.0
attribute	Chl_a_mean	colorBarMinimum	double	0.03
attribute	Chl_a_mean	colorBarScale	String	Log
attribute	Chl_a_mean	description	String	Chlorophyll a. Mean
attribute	Chl_a_mean	long_name	String	Concentration Of Chlorophyll In Sea Water
attribute	Chl_a_mean	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/CPHLHPP1/
attribute	Chl_a_mean	units	String	miligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3)
variable	Chl_a_sd		float
attribute	Chl_a_sd	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Chl_a_sd	actual_range	float	0.0, 0.139
attribute	Chl_a_sd	bcodmo_name	String	chlorophyll a
attribute	Chl_a_sd	colorBarMaximum	double	50.0
attribute	Chl_a_sd	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	Chl_a_sd	description	String	Chlroropyll a. Standard Deviation
attribute	Chl_a_sd	long_name	String	Chl A Sd
attribute	Chl_a_sd	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/CPHLHPP1/
attribute	Chl_a_sd	units	String	miligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3)
variable	Pheo_mean		float
attribute	Pheo_mean	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Pheo_mean	actual_range	float	0.0, 0.887
attribute	Pheo_mean	bcodmo_name	String	phaeopigment
attribute	Pheo_mean	description	String	Pheopigments Mean
attribute	Pheo_mean	long_name	String	Pheo Mean
attribute	Pheo_mean	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PHAEFMP1/
attribute	Pheo_mean	units	String	miligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3)
variable	Pheo_sd		float
attribute	Pheo_sd	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Pheo_sd	actual_range	float	0.0, 0.336
attribute	Pheo_sd	bcodmo_name	String	phaeopigment
attribute	Pheo_sd	colorBarMaximum	double	50.0
attribute	Pheo_sd	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	Pheo_sd	description	String	Pheopigments Standard Deviation
attribute	Pheo_sd	long_name	String	Pheo Sd
attribute	Pheo_sd	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PHAEFMP1/
attribute	Pheo_sd	units	String	miligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3)
variable	Light_rep1		float
attribute	Light_rep1	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Light_rep1	actual_range	float	0.01, 29.01
attribute	Light_rep1	bcodmo_name	String	replicate
attribute	Light_rep1	description	String	Light - replicate #1
attribute	Light_rep1	long_name	String	Light Rep1
attribute	Light_rep1	units	String	miligrams Carbon per cubic meter (mg C/m3)
variable	Light_rep2		float
attribute	Light_rep2	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Light_rep2	actual_range	float	0.02, 25.02
attribute	Light_rep2	bcodmo_name	String	replicate
attribute	Light_rep2	description	String	Light - replicate #2
attribute	Light_rep2	long_name	String	Light Rep2
attribute	Light_rep2	units	String	miligrams Carbon per cubic meter (mg C/m3)
variable	Light_rep3		float
attribute	Light_rep3	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Light_rep3	actual_range	float	0.0, 27.64
attribute	Light_rep3	bcodmo_name	String	replicate
attribute	Light_rep3	description	String	Light - replicate #3
attribute	Light_rep3	long_name	String	Light Rep3
attribute	Light_rep3	units	String	miligrams Carbon per cubic meter (mg C/m3)
variable	Dark_rep1		float
attribute	Dark_rep1	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Dark_rep1	actual_range	float	0.0, 0.88
attribute	Dark_rep1	bcodmo_name	String	replicate
attribute	Dark_rep1	description	String	Dark - replicate #1
attribute	Dark_rep1	long_name	String	Dark Rep1
attribute	Dark_rep1	units	String	miligrams Carbon per cubic meter (mg C/m3)
variable	Dark_rep2		float
attribute	Dark_rep2	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Dark_rep2	actual_range	float	0.01, 0.62
attribute	Dark_rep2	bcodmo_name	String	replicate
attribute	Dark_rep2	description	String	Dark - replicate #2
attribute	Dark_rep2	long_name	String	Dark Rep2
attribute	Dark_rep2	units	String	miligrams Carbon per cubic meter (mg C/m3)
variable	Dark_rep3		float
attribute	Dark_rep3	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Dark_rep3	actual_range	float	0.0, 0.46
attribute	Dark_rep3	bcodmo_name	String	replicate
attribute	Dark_rep3	description	String	Dark - replicate #3
attribute	Dark_rep3	long_name	String	Dark Rep3
attribute	Dark_rep3	units	String	miligrams Carbon per cubic meter (mg C/m3)
variable	Salt		float
attribute	Salt	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Salt	actual_range	float	34.3871, 35.5255
attribute	Salt	bcodmo_name	String	sal
attribute	Salt	colorBarMaximum	double	37.0
attribute	Salt	colorBarMinimum	double	32.0
attribute	Salt	description	String	Salinity (PSS-78)
attribute	Salt	long_name	String	Sea Water Practical Salinity
attribute	Salt	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PSALST01/
attribute	Salt	units	String	unitless
variable	Prochl		int
attribute	Prochl	_FillValue	int	2147483647
attribute	Prochl	actual_range	int	44, 447037
attribute	Prochl	bcodmo_name	String	abundance
attribute	Prochl	description	String	Prochlorococcus
attribute	Prochl	long_name	String	Prochl
attribute	Prochl	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P03/current/B070/
attribute	Prochl	units	String	count per mililiter
variable	Hetero		int
attribute	Hetero	_FillValue	int	2147483647
attribute	Hetero	actual_range	int	20127, 1262038
attribute	Hetero	bcodmo_name	String	abundance
attribute	Hetero	description	String	Heterotrophic Bacteria
attribute	Hetero	long_name	String	Hetero
attribute	Hetero	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P03/current/B070/
attribute	Hetero	units	String	count per mililiter
variable	Synecho		short
attribute	Synecho	_FillValue	short	32767
attribute	Synecho	actual_range	short	0, 21852
attribute	Synecho	bcodmo_name	String	abundance
attribute	Synecho	description	String	Synechococcus
attribute	Synecho	long_name	String	Synecho
attribute	Synecho	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P03/current/B070/
attribute	Synecho	units	String	count per mililiter
variable	Euk		short
attribute	Euk	_FillValue	short	32767
attribute	Euk	actual_range	short	0, 4238
attribute	Euk	bcodmo_name	String	abundance
attribute	Euk	description	String	Eukaryotes
attribute	Euk	long_name	String	Euk
attribute	Euk	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P03/current/B070/
attribute	Euk	units	String	count per mililiter
variable	Flag		String
attribute	Flag	bcodmo_name	String	flag
attribute	Flag	description	String	Quality Flags for the bottle, chlorophyll, pheopigments, light incubation, dark incubation, salinity & bacteria values respectively. Quality Indicators: Flag: Meaning 1: unquality controlled 2: good data 3: suspect (i.e.  questionable) data 4: bad data 5: missing value 9: variable not measured during this cast
attribute	Flag	long_name	String	Flag
attribute	Flag	units	String	unitless

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