ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_737393

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	FGDC, ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
	set	data	graph		files	public	[Particle Flux] - Sediment trap flux measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT) project at station ALOHA ([Current] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): 2018-2023; [Previous] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): Sustaining ocean ecosystem and climate observations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre)		F   I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_737393

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	Particle flux was measured at a standard reference depth of 150 m using multiple cylindrical particle interceptor traps deployed on a free-floating array for approximately 60 h during each cruise. Sediment trap design and collection methods are described in Winn et al. (1991). Samples were analyzed for particulate C, N, P & Si. Typically six traps are analyzed for PC and PN, three for PP, and another three traps for PSi. The information below has been copied from the HOT Field & Laboratory Protocols page, found at [http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/protocols/protocols.html#](\\"http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/protocols/protocols.html#\\") (last visited on 2018-05-23). SUMMARY: Passively sinking particulate matter is collected using a free- floating sediment array and, after prescreening (335 \u00b5m) to remove zooplankton and micronekton carcasses, the sample materials are analyzed for C, N, P and mass flux (mg m-2 d-1). 1\. Principle Although most of the particulate matter both on the seafloor and in suspension in seawater is very fine, recent evidence suggests that most of the material deposited on the benthos arrives via relatively rare, rapidly sinking large particles (McCave, 1975). Therefore, in order to describe adequately the ambient particle field and to understand the rates and mechanisms of biogeochemical cycling in the marine environment, it is imperative to employ sampling methods that enable the investigator to distinguish between the suspended and sinking pools of particulate matter. This universal requirement for a careful and comprehensive analysis of sedimenting particles has resulted in the development, evaluation and calibration of a variety of in situ particle collectors or sediment traps. The results, after nearly a decade of intensive field experiments, have contributed significantly to our general understanding of: (1) the relationship between the rate of primary production and downward flux of particulate organic matter, (2) mesopelagic zone oxygen consumption and nutrient regeneration, (3) biological control of the removal of abiogenic particles from the surface ocean and (4) seasonal and interannual variations in particle flux to the deep-sea. Future sediment trap studies will, most likely, continue to provide novel and useful data on the rates and mechanisms of important biogeochemical processes. At Station ALOHA, we presently deploy a free-drifting sediment trap array with 12 individual collectors positioned at 150, 300 and 500 m. The deployment period is generally 72 hours. The passively sinking particles are subsequently analyzed for a variety of chemical properties, including: total mass, C, N and P. 2. Precautions Because particle fluxes in oligotrophic habitats are expected to be low, special attention must be paid to the preparation of individual sediment trap collector tubes so that they are clean and free of dust and other potentially contaminating particles. Traps should be capped immediately after filling and immediately after retrieval. Pay particular attention to airborne and/or shipboard particulate contamination sources. In addition, the time interval between trap retrieval and subsample filtration should be minimized in order to limit the inclusion of extraneous abiotic particles and the post-collection solubilization of particles. 3. Field Operations 3.1. Hardware Our free-floating sediment trap array is patterned after the MULTITRAP system pioneered by Knauer et al. (1979) and used extensively in the decade- long VERTEX program. Twelve individual sediment trap collectors (0.0039 m2) are typically deployed at three depths (150, 300 and 500 m). The traps are affixed to a PVC cross attached to 1/2\" polypropylene line. The traps are tracked using VHF radio and Argos satellite transmitters and strobelights. Typically we deploy our traps for a period of 72 hours each cruise. 3.2. Trap solutions Prior to deployment, each trap is cleaned with 1 M HCl, rinsed thoroughly with deionized water then filled with a high density solution to prevent advective-diffusive loss of extractants and preservatives during the deployment period and to eliminate flushing of the traps during recovery (Knauer et al., 1979). The trap solution is prepared by adding 50 g of NaCl to each liter of surface seawater. This brine solution is pressure filtered sequentially through a 1.0 and 0.5 \u00b5m filter cartridge prior to the addition of 10 ml 100% formalin l-1. Individual traps are filled and at least 10 l of the trap solution is saved for analysis of solution blanks (see sections 4.1 and 5.1). 3.3. Post-recovery processing 3.3.1. Upon recovery, individual traps are capped and transported to the shipboard portable laboratory for analysis. Care is taken not to mix the higher density trap solutions with the overlying seawater. Trap samples are processed from deep to shallow in order to minimize potential contamination. 3.3.2. The depth of the interface between the high density solution and overlying seawater is marked on each trap. The overlying seawater is then aspirated with a plastic tube attached to a vacuum system in order to avoid disturbing the high density solution. Because some sinking particulate material collects near the interface between the high density solution and the overlying seawater, the overlying seawater is removed only to a depth that is 5 cm above the previously identified interface. 3.3.3. After the overlying seawater has been removed from all the traps at a given depth, the contents of each trap is passed through an acid rinsed 335 \u00b5m NitexR screen to remove contaminating zooplankton and micronekton which entered the traps in a living state and are not truly part of the passive flux. Immediately before this sieving process, the contents of each trap are mixed to disrupt large amorphous particles. The traps are rinsed with a portion of the <335 \u00b5m sample in order to recover all particulate matter, and the 335 \u00b5m NitexR screen is examined to determine whether residual material, in addition to the so-called \"swimmers\", is present. If so, the screens are rinsed again with a portion of the 335 \u00b5m filtrate. After all traps from a given depth have been processed, the 335 \u00b5m screen is removed and placed into a vial containing 20 ml of formalin- seawater solution, and stored at 4 \u00b0C for subsequent microscopic examination and organism identification and enumeration. 4. Determination of Mass Flux 4.1. Three of the 12 traps deployed at each water depth are used for the determination of mass flux. At our shore-based laboratory, triplicate 250 ml subsamples of the time-zero high density trap solution (blank) and equivalent volumes individual traps (start with the deepest depth and work up), are vacuum filtered through tared 25 mm 0.2 \u00b5m Nuclepore membrane filters (see Chapter 18, sections 4.1.4 to 4.1.3). The tared filters are prepared as follows: 4.1.1. Rinse filters three times with distilled water. Place rinsed filter on a 2.5 cm2 foil square (to reduce static electricity) in a plastic 47 mm petri dish. 4.1.2. Fold the foil in half over the filter and place the petri dish in a drying oven with the lid ajar for 2 hours at 55 \u00b0C. Remove and cool in dessicator for 30 minutes. 4.1.3. Weigh filter to constant weight (i.e., repeat oven drying, cooling and weighing until a relative standard deviation of <0.005% is achieved), on a microbalance capable of 0.1 \u00b5g resolution. Record weights (to the nearest 0.1 \u00b5g) on label tape placed on top of the petri dish. 4.2. After the last of the sample has passed through the filter, the walls of the filter funnel are washed with three consecutive 5 ml rinses of an isotonic (1 M) ammonium formate solution to remove seawater salts. During each rinse, allow the ammonium formate solution to completely cover the filter. 4.3. Return the processed filter to its petri dish, record sample number (on the dish and data sheet), and place in a drying oven at 55 \u00b0C for 8 hours. Alternately, store in a dessicator, if an oven is not immediately available. Dry to constant weight (as in Chapter 18, section 4.1.3). 5\. Determination of C, N and P Flux 5.1. The quantities of particulate C, N and P in the prescreened trap solutions are determined using methods described in Chapters 10 and 11. Six replicate traps are used for C/N determinations and three additional traps for P. Typically, 1.5-2 liters are used for a single C/N or P measurement. An equivalent volume of the time-zero sediment trap solution, filtered through the appropriate filters is used as a C, N or P blank Addendum - PPO4 protocol (April 7, 2015) The method used for the analysis of particulate phosphate (PPO4) has been modified and applied to samples analyzed November 2011 (HOT 236) to the present. The previous protocol was in use over at least the previous 10-year period. The modified procedure included vortexing of the sample prior to a longer leaching time (1 hour versus 30 min) of the GFF filter in 0.15 N HCl at room temperature. Both the previous and modified procedures were tested in paired analyses on samples collected over one year (12 cruises). The modified procedure resulted in higher yields by approximately 50% for water column samples (integrated 0-100 m: old method 1.00\u00b10.27 mmol P m-2, versus 1.56\u00b10.14 mmol P m-2) and approximately 30% for P-flux estimated from sediment trap samples (old method: 0.31\u00b10.07 mg P m-2 d-1 versus 0.40\u00b10.09 mg P m-2 d-1). Please see the HOT Data Report 2012 for more detail
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	54915
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-0926766
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0926766
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	David L. Garrison
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	50534
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	version: 2018-04-25 Particle flux data from monthly HOT cruises to deep-water Station ALOHA
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2018-05-23T15:02:45Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2019-12-11T14:43:51Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&amp;time&lt;now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.737393.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Easternmost_Easting	double	-158.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_max	double	22.75
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_min	double	22.75
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_units	String	degrees_north
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_max	double	-158.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_min	double	-158.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_units	String	degrees_east
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_max	double	500.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_min	double	70.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_positive	String	down
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_units	String	m
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/737393
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_acronym	String	Sediment Trap
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description	String	sediment trap array (spar buoy, radiotransmitter, strobe light, floats, trap supports, collector tubes)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid	String	737470
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_description	String	Sediment traps are specially designed containers deployed in the water column for periods of time to collect particles from the water column falling toward the sea floor. In general a sediment trap has a jar at the bottom to collect the sample and a broad funnel-shaped opening at the top with baffles to keep out very large objects and help prevent the funnel from clogging. This designation is used when the specific type of sediment trap was not specified by the contributing investigator.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/33/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_name	String	Sediment Trap
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_nid	String	518
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_supplied_name	String	sediment trap array
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_acronym	String	CHN
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_dataset_instrument_description	String	PE-2400 Carbon/Nitrogen analyzer with integrator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid	String	737472
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_description	String	A unit that accurately determines the carbon and nitrogen concentrations of organic compounds typically by detecting and measuring their combustion products (CO2 and NO).
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_name	String	Particulate Organic Carbon/Nitrogen Analyzer
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_nid	String	654
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_supplied_name	String	PE-2400 Carbon/Nitrogen analyzer with integrator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_acronym	String	Spectrophotometer
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_dataset_instrument_description	String	spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer Lambda 3B) and 1-cm cuvette
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_dataset_instrument_nid	String	737473
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_description	String	An instrument used to measure the relative absorption of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths in the near infra-red, visible and ultraviolet wavebands by samples.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB20/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_instrument_name	String	Spectrophotometer
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_instrument_nid	String	707
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_supplied_name	String	spectrophotometer and 1-cm cuvette
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_acronym	String	Scale
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_dataset_instrument_description	String	Cahn electronic microbalance
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_dataset_instrument_nid	String	737471
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_description	String	An instrument used to measure weight or mass.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB13/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_instrument_name	String	Scale
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_instrument_nid	String	714
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_supplied_name	String	Cahn electronic microbalance
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	bco, bco-dmo, biological, carbon, Carbon_n, Carbon_sd_diff, chemical, cruise, data, dataset, delta, Delta_13C, Delta_13C_n, Delta_13C_sd_diff, Delta_15N, Delta_15N_n, Delta_15N_sd_diff, depth, diff, dmo, erddap, filename, flux, inorganic, latitude, longitude, management, mass, Mass_n, Mass_sd_diff, nitrogen, Nitrogen_n, Nitrogen_sd_diff, oceanography, office, P_flux_filename, particulate, phosphorus, Phosphorus_n, Phosphorus_sd_diff, pic, PIC_n, PIC_sd_diff, preliminary, silica, Silica_n, Silica_sd_diff, treatment
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/737393/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/737393
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Northernmost_Northing	double	22.75
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'737393': {'lat': 'flag - latitude', 'Depth': 'flag - depth', 'lon': 'flag - longitude'}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/737393/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	University of Hawaii at Manoa
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation_acronym	String	SOEST
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	David M. Karl
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	50750
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	University of Hawaii at Manoa
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	SOEST
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Lance A Fujieki
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	51683
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Contact
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Mathew Biddle
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	708682
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	HOT
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	HOT
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	Systematic, long-term observations are essential for evaluating natural variability of Earth’s climate and ecosystems and their responses to anthropogenic disturbances.  Since October 1988, the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program has investigated temporal dynamics in biology, physics, and chemistry at Stn. ALOHA (22°45' N, 158°W), a deep ocean field site in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). HOT conducts near monthly ship-based sampling and makes continuous observations from moored instruments to document and study NPSG climate and ecosystem variability over semi-diurnal to decadal time scales. HOT was founded to understand the processes controlling the time-varying fluxes of carbon and associated biogenic elements in the ocean and to document changes in the physical structure of the water column. To achieve these broad objectives, the program has several specific goals: Quantify time-varying (seasonal to decadal) changes in reservoirs and fluxes of carbon (C) and associated bioelements (nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and silicon). Identify processes controlling air-sea C exchange, rates of C transformation through the planktonic food web, and fluxes of C into the ocean’s interior. Develop a climatology of hydrographic and biogeochemical dynamics from which to form a multi-decadal baseline from which to decipher natural and anthropogenic influences on the NPSG ecosystem.  Provide scientific and logistical support to ancillary programs that benefit from the temporal context, interdisciplinary science, and regular access to the open sea afforded by HOT program occupation of Sta. ALOHA, including projects implementing, testing, and validating new methodologies, models, and transformative ocean sampling technologies. Over the past 24+ years, time-series research at Station ALOHA has provided an unprecedented view of temporal variability in NPSG climate and ecosystem processes.  Foremost among HOT accomplishments are an increased understanding of the sensitivity of bioelemental cycling to large scale ocean-climate interactions, improved quantification of reservoirs and time varying fluxes of carbon, identification of the importance of the hydrological cycle and its influence on upper ocean biogeochemistry, and the creation of long-term data sets from which the oceanic response to anthropogenic perturbation of elemental cycles may be gauged.  A defining characteristic of the NPSG is the perennially oligotrophic nature of the upper ocean waters.  This biogeochemically reactive layer of the ocean is where air-sea exchange of climate reactive gases occurs, solar radiation fuels rapid biological transformation of nutrient elements, and diverse assemblages of planktonic organisms comprise the majority of living biomass and sustain productivity.  The prevailing Ekman convergence and weak seasonality in surface light flux, combined with relatively mild subtropical weather and persistent stratification, result in a nutrient depleted upper ocean habitat.  The resulting dearth of bioessential nutrients limits plankton standing stocks and maintains a deep (175 m) euphotic zone.  Despite the oligotrophic state of the NPSG, estimates of net organic matter production at Sta. ALOHA are estimated to range ~1.4 and 4.2 mol C m2 yr1.  Such respectable rates of productivity have highlighted the need to identify processes supplying growth limiting nutrients to the upper ocean.  Over the lifetime of HOT numerous ancillary science projects have leveraged HOT science and infrastructure to examine possible sources of nutrients supporting plankton productivity.  Both physical (mixing, upwelling) and biotic (N2 fixation, vertical migration) processes supply nutrients to the upper ocean in this region, and HOT has been instrumental in demonstrating that these processes are sensitive to variability in ocean climate. Station ALOHA - site selection and infrastructure Station ALOHA is a deep water (~4800 m) location approximately 100 km north of the Hawaiian Island of Oahu.  Thus, the region is far enough from land to be free of coastal ocean dynamics and terrestrial inputs, but close enough to a major port (Honolulu) to make relatively short duration (45 m depth), below depths of detection by Earth-orbiting satellites.  The emerging data emphasize the value of in situ measurements for validating remote and autonomous detection of plankton biomass and productivity and demonstrate that detection of potential secular-scale changes in productivity against the backdrop of significant interannual and decadal fluctuations demands a sustained sampling effort.      Careful long-term measurements at Stn. ALOHA also highlight a well-resolved, though relatively weak, seasonal climatology in upper ocean primary productivity.  Measurements of 14C-primary production document a ~3-fold increase during the summer months (Karl et al., 2012) that coincides with increases in plankton biomass (Landry et al., 2001; Sheridan and Landry, 2004).  Moreover, phytoplankton blooms, often large enough to be detected by ocean color satellites, are a recurrent summertime feature of these waters (White et al., 2007; Dore et al., 2008; Fong et al., 2008). Analyses of ~13-years (1992-2004) of particulate C, N, P, and biogenic Si fluxes collected from bottom-moored deep-ocean (2800 m and 4000 m) sediment traps provide clues to processes underlying these seasonal changes.  Unlike the gradual summertime increase in sinking particle flux observed in the upper ocean (150 m) traps, the deep sea particle flux record depicts a sharply defined summer maximum that accounts for ~20% of the annual POC flux to the deep sea, and appears driven by rapidly sinking diatom biomass (Karl et al., 2012).  Analyses of the 15N isotopic signatures associated with sinking particles at Sta. ALOHA, together with genetic analyses of N2 fixing microorganisms, implicates upper ocean N2 fixation as a major control on the magnitude and efficiency of the biological carbon pump in this ecosystem (Dore et al., 2002; Church et al., 2009; Karl et al., 2012). Motivating Questions Science results from HOT continue to raise new, important questions about linkages between ocean climate and biogeochemistry that remain at the core of contemporary oceanography.  Answers have begun to emerge from the existing suite of core program measurements; however, sustained sampling is needed to improve our understanding of contemporary ecosystem behavior and our ability to make informed projections of future changes to this ecosystem. HOT continues to focus on providing answers to some of the questions below: How sensitive are rates of primary production and organic matter export to short- and long-term climate variability? What processes regulate nutrient supply to the upper ocean and how sensitive are these processes to climate forcing?  What processes control the magnitude of air-sea carbon exchange and over what time scales do these processes vary? Is the strength of the NPSG CO2 sink changing in time? To what extent does advection (including eddies) contribute to the mixed layer salinity budget over annual to decadal time scales and what are the implications for upper ocean biogeochemistry? How do variations in plankton community structure influence productivity and material export?  What processes trigger the formation and demise of phytoplankton blooms in a persistently stratified ocean ecosystem? References
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2014-12
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	North Pacific Subtropical Gyre; 22 deg 45 min N, 158 deg W
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): Sustaining ocean ecosystem and climate observations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	2101
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_website	String	http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/hot_jgofs.html
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	1988-07
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Southernmost_Northing	double	22.75
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	subsetVariables	String	longitude,latitude
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Particle flux measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT). Particle flux was measured at a standard reference depth of 150 m using multiple cylindrical particle interceptor traps deployed on a free-floating array for approximately 60 h during each cruise. Sediment trap design and collection methods are described in Winn et al. (1991). Samples were analyzed for particulate C, N, P & Si. Typically six traps are analyzed for PC and PN, three for PP, and another three traps for PSi.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	[Particle Flux] - Sediment trap flux measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT) project at station ALOHA ([Current] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): 2018-2023; [Previous] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): Sustaining ocean ecosystem and climate observations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Westernmost_Easting	double	-158.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	Cruise		short
attribute	Cruise	_FillValue	short	32767
attribute	Cruise	actual_range	short	2, 287
attribute	Cruise	bcodmo_name	String	cruise_id
attribute	Cruise	description	String	Cruise Number
attribute	Cruise	long_name	String	Cruise
attribute	Cruise	units	String	unitless
variable	P_flux_filename		String
attribute	P_flux_filename	bcodmo_name	String	file_name
attribute	P_flux_filename	description	String	Original filename of the particle flux data from HOT
attribute	P_flux_filename	long_name	String	P Flux Filename
attribute	P_flux_filename	units	String	unitless
variable	longitude		double
attribute	longitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lon
attribute	longitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	longitude	actual_range	double	-158.0, -158.0
attribute	longitude	axis	String	X
attribute	longitude	bcodmo_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	colorBarMaximum	double	180.0
attribute	longitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-180.0
attribute	longitude	description	String	Longitude with East negative
attribute	longitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	longitude	long_name	String	Longitude
attribute	longitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/
attribute	longitude	standard_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	units	String	degrees_east
variable	latitude		double
attribute	latitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lat
attribute	latitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	latitude	actual_range	double	22.75, 22.75
attribute	latitude	axis	String	Y
attribute	latitude	bcodmo_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	colorBarMaximum	double	90.0
attribute	latitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-90.0
attribute	latitude	description	String	Latitude with South negative
attribute	latitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	latitude	long_name	String	Latitude
attribute	latitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/
attribute	latitude	standard_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	units	String	degrees_north
variable	depth		double
attribute	depth	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Height
attribute	depth	_CoordinateZisPositive	String	down
attribute	depth	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	depth	actual_range	double	70.0, 500.0
attribute	depth	axis	String	Z
attribute	depth	bcodmo_name	String	depth
attribute	depth	colorBarMaximum	double	8000.0
attribute	depth	colorBarMinimum	double	-8000.0
attribute	depth	colorBarPalette	String	TopographyDepth
attribute	depth	description	String	Depth
attribute	depth	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	depth	long_name	String	Depth
attribute	depth	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/DEPH/
attribute	depth	positive	String	down
attribute	depth	standard_name	String	depth
attribute	depth	units	String	m
variable	Treatment		String
attribute	Treatment	bcodmo_name	String	treatment
attribute	Treatment	description	String	C-Solutions from individual traps combined and replicate subsamples drawn from this solution. I-Individual traps sampled as replicates. W-Swimmers picked out before analyzed.O-Some other (special?) treatment.
attribute	Treatment	long_name	String	Treatment
attribute	Treatment	units	String	unitless
variable	Carbon		float
attribute	Carbon	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Carbon	actual_range	float	3.5, 61.4
attribute	Carbon	bcodmo_name	String	C
attribute	Carbon	description	String	Carbon
attribute	Carbon	long_name	String	Carbon
attribute	Carbon	units	String	miligrams per square meter per day (mg/m2/d)
variable	Carbon_sd_diff		float
attribute	Carbon_sd_diff	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Carbon_sd_diff	actual_range	float	0.1, 28.6
attribute	Carbon_sd_diff	bcodmo_name	String	C
attribute	Carbon_sd_diff	colorBarMaximum	double	50.0
attribute	Carbon_sd_diff	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	Carbon_sd_diff	description	String	Standard Deviation presented where Carbon_n=3; Difference between replicate presented where Carbon_n=2
attribute	Carbon_sd_diff	long_name	String	Carbon Sd Diff
attribute	Carbon_sd_diff	units	String	miligrams per square meter per day (mg/m2/d)
variable	Carbon_n		byte
attribute	Carbon_n	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Carbon_n	actual_range	byte	1, 6
attribute	Carbon_n	bcodmo_name	String	replicate
attribute	Carbon_n	description	String	Number of replicate samples collected for replicate analysis.
attribute	Carbon_n	long_name	String	Carbon N
attribute	Carbon_n	units	String	unitless
variable	Nitrogen		float
attribute	Nitrogen	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Nitrogen	actual_range	float	0.27, 14.3
attribute	Nitrogen	bcodmo_name	String	N
attribute	Nitrogen	description	String	Nitrogen
attribute	Nitrogen	long_name	String	Nitrogen
attribute	Nitrogen	units	String	miligrams per square meter per day (mg/m2/d)
variable	Nitrogen_sd_diff		float
attribute	Nitrogen_sd_diff	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Nitrogen_sd_diff	actual_range	float	0.03, 3.84
attribute	Nitrogen_sd_diff	bcodmo_name	String	N
attribute	Nitrogen_sd_diff	colorBarMaximum	double	50.0
attribute	Nitrogen_sd_diff	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	Nitrogen_sd_diff	description	String	Standard Deviation presented where Nitrogen_n=3; Difference between replicate presented where Nitrogen_n=2
attribute	Nitrogen_sd_diff	long_name	String	Nitrogen Sd Diff
attribute	Nitrogen_sd_diff	units	String	miligrams per square meter per day (mg/m2/d)
variable	Nitrogen_n		byte
attribute	Nitrogen_n	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Nitrogen_n	actual_range	byte	1, 9
attribute	Nitrogen_n	bcodmo_name	String	replicate
attribute	Nitrogen_n	description	String	Number of replicate samples collected for replicate analysis.
attribute	Nitrogen_n	long_name	String	Nitrogen N
attribute	Nitrogen_n	units	String	unitless
variable	Phosphorus		float
attribute	Phosphorus	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Phosphorus	actual_range	float	0.008, 1.136
attribute	Phosphorus	bcodmo_name	String	PIP
attribute	Phosphorus	description	String	Phosphorus Addendum - PPO4 protocol (April 7 2015) The method used for the analysis of particulate phosphate (PPO4) has been modified and applied to samples analyzed November 2011 (HOT 236) to the present. The previous protocol was in use over at least the previous 10-year period. The modified procedure included vortexing of the sample prior to a longer leaching time (1 hour versus 30 min) of the GFF filter in 0.15 N HCl at room temperature. Both the previous and modified procedures were tested in paired analyses on samples collected over one year (12 cruises). The modified procedure resulted in higher yields by approximately 50% for water column samples (integrated 0-100 m: old method 1.00±0.27 mmol P m-2 versus 1.56±0.14 mmol P m-2) and approximately 30% for P-flux estimated from sediment trap samples (old method: 0.31±0.07 mg P m-2 d-1 versus 0.40±0.09 mg P m-2 d-1). Please see the HOT Data Report 2012 for more detail.
attribute	Phosphorus	long_name	String	Phosphorus
attribute	Phosphorus	units	String	miligrams per square meter per day (mg/m2/d)
variable	Phosphorus_sd_diff		float
attribute	Phosphorus_sd_diff	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Phosphorus_sd_diff	actual_range	float	0.001, 0.366
attribute	Phosphorus_sd_diff	bcodmo_name	String	PIP
attribute	Phosphorus_sd_diff	colorBarMaximum	double	50.0
attribute	Phosphorus_sd_diff	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	Phosphorus_sd_diff	description	String	Standard Deviation presented where Phosphorus_n=3; Difference between replicate presented where Phosphorus_n=2
attribute	Phosphorus_sd_diff	long_name	String	Phosphorus Sd Diff
attribute	Phosphorus_sd_diff	units	String	miligrams per square meter per day (mg/m2/d)
variable	Phosphorus_n		byte
attribute	Phosphorus_n	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Phosphorus_n	actual_range	byte	1, 3
attribute	Phosphorus_n	bcodmo_name	String	replicate
attribute	Phosphorus_n	description	String	Number of replicate samples collected for replicate analysis.
attribute	Phosphorus_n	long_name	String	Phosphorus N
attribute	Phosphorus_n	units	String	unitless
variable	Mass		float
attribute	Mass	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Mass	actual_range	float	8.5, 131.0
attribute	Mass	bcodmo_name	String	mass
attribute	Mass	description	String	Mass
attribute	Mass	long_name	String	Mass
attribute	Mass	units	String	miligrams per square meter per day (mg/m2/d)
variable	Mass_sd_diff		float
attribute	Mass_sd_diff	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Mass_sd_diff	actual_range	float	0.3, 49.1
attribute	Mass_sd_diff	bcodmo_name	String	mass
attribute	Mass_sd_diff	colorBarMaximum	double	50.0
attribute	Mass_sd_diff	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	Mass_sd_diff	description	String	Standard Deviation presented where Mass_n=3; Difference between replicate presented where Mass_n=2
attribute	Mass_sd_diff	long_name	String	Mass Sd Diff
attribute	Mass_sd_diff	units	String	miligrams per square meter per day (mg/m2/d)
variable	Mass_n		byte
attribute	Mass_n	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Mass_n	actual_range	byte	2, 8
attribute	Mass_n	bcodmo_name	String	replicate
attribute	Mass_n	description	String	Number of replicate samples collected for replicate analysis.
attribute	Mass_n	long_name	String	Mass N
attribute	Mass_n	units	String	unitless
variable	Silica		float
attribute	Silica	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Silica	actual_range	float	0.189, 21.579
attribute	Silica	bcodmo_name	String	Si
attribute	Silica	description	String	Silica
attribute	Silica	long_name	String	Silica
attribute	Silica	units	String	miligrams per square meter per day (mg/m2/d)
variable	Silica_sd_diff		float
attribute	Silica_sd_diff	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Silica_sd_diff	actual_range	float	0.03, 7.367
attribute	Silica_sd_diff	bcodmo_name	String	Si
attribute	Silica_sd_diff	colorBarMaximum	double	50.0
attribute	Silica_sd_diff	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	Silica_sd_diff	description	String	Standard Deviation presented where Silica_n=3; Difference between replicate presented where Silica_n=2
attribute	Silica_sd_diff	long_name	String	Silica Sd Diff
attribute	Silica_sd_diff	units	String	miligrams per square meter per day (mg/m2/d)
variable	Silica_n		byte
attribute	Silica_n	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Silica_n	actual_range	byte	2, 3
attribute	Silica_n	bcodmo_name	String	replicate
attribute	Silica_n	description	String	Number of replicate samples collected for replicate analysis.
attribute	Silica_n	long_name	String	Silica N
attribute	Silica_n	units	String	unitless
variable	Delta_15N		float
attribute	Delta_15N	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Delta_15N	actual_range	float	-1.17, 6.89
attribute	Delta_15N	bcodmo_name	String	d15N
attribute	Delta_15N	description	String	Delta-15N of PN (permil vs. air-N2)
attribute	Delta_15N	long_name	String	Delta 15 N
attribute	Delta_15N	units	String	permil vs. air-N2
variable	Delta_15N_sd_diff		float
attribute	Delta_15N_sd_diff	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Delta_15N_sd_diff	actual_range	float	0.0, 1.93
attribute	Delta_15N_sd_diff	bcodmo_name	String	d15N
attribute	Delta_15N_sd_diff	colorBarMaximum	double	50.0
attribute	Delta_15N_sd_diff	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	Delta_15N_sd_diff	description	String	Standard Deviation presented where Delta_15N_n=3; Difference between replicate presented where Delta_15N_n=2
attribute	Delta_15N_sd_diff	long_name	String	Delta 15 N Sd Diff
attribute	Delta_15N_sd_diff	units	String	miligrams per square meter per day (mg/m2/d)
variable	Delta_15N_n		byte
attribute	Delta_15N_n	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Delta_15N_n	actual_range	byte	1, 6
attribute	Delta_15N_n	bcodmo_name	String	replicate
attribute	Delta_15N_n	description	String	Number of replicate samples collected for replicate analysis.
attribute	Delta_15N_n	long_name	String	Delta 15 N N
attribute	Delta_15N_n	units	String	unitless
variable	Delta_13C		float
attribute	Delta_13C	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Delta_13C	actual_range	float	-27.5, -16.96
attribute	Delta_13C	bcodmo_name	String	delta13C
attribute	Delta_13C	description	String	Delta-13C of PC (permil vs. VPDB)
attribute	Delta_13C	long_name	String	Delta 13 C
attribute	Delta_13C	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/D13CMITX/
attribute	Delta_13C	units	String	permil vs. VPDB
variable	Delta_13C_sd_diff		float
attribute	Delta_13C_sd_diff	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Delta_13C_sd_diff	actual_range	float	0.05, 1.94
attribute	Delta_13C_sd_diff	bcodmo_name	String	delta13C
attribute	Delta_13C_sd_diff	colorBarMaximum	double	50.0
attribute	Delta_13C_sd_diff	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	Delta_13C_sd_diff	description	String	Standard Deviation presented where Delta_13C_n=3; Difference between replicate presented where Delta_13C_n=2
attribute	Delta_13C_sd_diff	long_name	String	Delta 13 C Sd Diff
attribute	Delta_13C_sd_diff	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/D13CMITX/
attribute	Delta_13C_sd_diff	units	String	miligrams per square meter per day (mg/m2/d)
variable	Delta_13C_n		byte
attribute	Delta_13C_n	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Delta_13C_n	actual_range	byte	1, 6
attribute	Delta_13C_n	bcodmo_name	String	replicate
attribute	Delta_13C_n	description	String	Number of replicate samples collected for replicate analysis.
attribute	Delta_13C_n	long_name	String	Delta 13 C N
attribute	Delta_13C_n	units	String	unitless
variable	PIC		float
attribute	PIC	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	PIC	actual_range	float	0.04, 9.63
attribute	PIC	bcodmo_name	String	PIC
attribute	PIC	description	String	Particulate Inorganic Carbon
attribute	PIC	long_name	String	Particulate Inorganic Carbon
attribute	PIC	units	String	miligrams per square meter per day (mg/m2/d)
variable	PIC_sd_diff		float
attribute	PIC_sd_diff	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	PIC_sd_diff	actual_range	float	0.0, 4.56
attribute	PIC_sd_diff	bcodmo_name	String	PIC
attribute	PIC_sd_diff	colorBarMaximum	double	50.0
attribute	PIC_sd_diff	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	PIC_sd_diff	description	String	Standard Deviation presented where PIC_n=3; Difference between replicate presented where PIC_n=2
attribute	PIC_sd_diff	long_name	String	PIC Sd Diff
attribute	PIC_sd_diff	units	String	miligrams per square meter per day (mg/m2/d)
variable	PIC_n		byte
attribute	PIC_n	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	PIC_n	actual_range	byte	1, 3
attribute	PIC_n	bcodmo_name	String	replicate
attribute	PIC_n	description	String	Number of replicate samples collected for replicate analysis.
attribute	PIC_n	long_name	String	PIC N
attribute	PIC_n	units	String	unitless

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