ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_740414

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
	set	data	graph		files	public	Experimental results of turbulence-exposed sand dollar Dendraster excentricus larvae and their response to a variety of settlement cues		I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_740414

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	Figure 1: Early competent sand dollar larvae do not display 'desperate' behaviors at settlement, with or without turbulence exposure. We either exposed D. excentricus larvae 10 day post fertilization (dpf) (reared at ~20\u00b0C) to 3 min of 6 W/kg turbulent shear or did not. Then, we transferred exposed and control larvae into one of two settlement conditions: 24 hrs in MFSW alone (left side of graph) or a 1 hr exposure to 40mM excess KCl in MFSW \u2013to assess competence\u2013 followed by a 24 hr recovery in MFSW. We detected an effect both of turbulence exposure (F1,12=5.36, p<0.02) and settlement medium (F1,12=228.93, p<0.001) on proportion of larvae settled, but no clear interaction (F1,12=3.41, p=0.09). Figure 2: Fully competent sand dollar larvae exposed to turbulence are less choosy about settlement substrate, and thus behave like 'desperate' larvae. We either exposed D.\u00a0excentricus larvae 11\u00a0dpf\u00a0(reared at ~20\u00b0C) to 3 min of 6 W/kg turbulent shear or did not (\"no turbulence\"). Then, we transferred exposed and control larvae into one of two settlement conditions: 0% extract of sand from sand dollar aquaria (MFSW; no inducer) or 40% extract of sand from sand dollar aquaria (strong natural inducer), and counted the numbers settled at 1 and 16 hrs. We also exposed a separate set of control (no turbulence) larvae for 1 hr to 40mM excess KCl in MFSW, followed by recovery in MFSW. More than 95% of these latter larvae settled, confirming that the larvae in this experiment were indeed fully competent. Figure 3: Fully competent sand dollar larvae exposed to turbulence are less choosy about settlement substrate, and thus behave like 'desperate' larvae. We either exposed D. excentricus larvae 40 dpf (reared at ~14\u00b0C) to 3 min of 6 W/kg turbulent shear or did not (\"no turbulence\"). Then, we transferred exposed and control larvae into one of two settlement conditions: 0% extract of sand from sand dollar aquaria (MFSW; no inducer) or 200% extract of sand from a beach without sand dollars (poor quality natural inducer), and counted the numbers settled at 1.5, 3, 7.5 and 19 hrs. We also exposed a separate set of control (no turbulence) larvae to a strong natural inducer (30% extract of sand from sand dollar aquaria; right side of graph). This treatment not only confirms that the larvae were fully competent (100% of larvae settled by 8 hrs), but indicates the expected rate of settlement response in a strong cue as a basis of comparison to the sub-optimal cues described above. We performed all statistical analyses using R (version 3.4.2) and the lme4 package.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	505515
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-1356966
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1356966
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	Michael E. Sieracki
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	50446
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_award_nid	String	505516
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_award_number	String	OCE-1357033
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1357033
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_program_manager	String	Michael E. Sieracki
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_program_manager_nid	String	50446
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_award_nid	String	505517
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_award_number	String	OCE-1357077
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1357077
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_program_manager	String	Michael E. Sieracki
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_program_manager_nid	String	50446
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	Settling response of sand dollar D.excentricus to turbulence P.I.: M. Ferner (SFSU) version: 2018-07-19 NOTE: to be published in Hodin et al, BMC Zoology, Figs. 1, 2, 3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2018-07-19T13:39:23Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2019-12-04T14:36:48Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&amp;time&lt;now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.740414.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/740414
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description	String	To generate turbulence intensities (quantified in terms of the energy dissipation rate, in units ofWkg−1) ranging from those found in open ocean waters to those arising on wave-battered coasts, we employed a Taylor–Couette cell [29], an apparatus composed of two vertically oriented, coaxial cylinders separated by a 3.5mm gap that contains seawater (described in greater detail in [1]). We held the stationary inner cylinder, and thus the water in the gap, at 19–21◦C by means of a circulating water stream from a temperature-controlled water bath passing through the cylinder’s interior. During operation, the outer cylinder rotated at a prescribed speed causing relative motion between the cylinders and thereby shearing the seawater between them. At rotation speeds employed for testing sand dollar larvae, the sheared flow was turbulent [1]. [1]Gaylord B, Hodin J, Ferner MC. 2013 Turbulent shear spurs settlement in larval sea urchins. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 6901–6906. (doi:10.1073/pnas. 1220680110)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid	String	740425
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_description	String	An apparatus composed of two vertically oriented, coaxial cylinders separated by a gap that contains seawater. During operation, the outer cylinder rotates at a prescribed speed causing relative motion between the cylinders and thereby shearing the seawater between them.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_name	String	Taylor–Couette system
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_nid	String	640422
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	0hr, 16hr, 18hr, 1hr, 5hr, 8hr, bco, bco-dmo, biological, bottom, chemical, competence, cue, data, dataset, date, dmo, dpf, erddap, expt, figure, larvae, management, number, number_larvae, number_on_bottom, number_settled, number_settled_0hr, number_settled_16hr, number_settled_18hr, number_settled_1_5hr, number_settled_1hr, number_settled_8hr, oceanography, office, preliminary, replicate, rpm, settled, species, time
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/740414/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/740414
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'740414': {}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/740414/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	San Francisco State University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation_acronym	String	SFSU-RTC
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Dr Matthew Ferner
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	472791
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	University of California-Davis
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	UC Davis-BML
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Dr Brian Gaylord
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	51061
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	University of Washington
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation_acronym	String	FHL
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Dr Jason Hodin
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	544695
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_affiliation	String	Stanford University - Hopkins
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_affiliation_acronym	String	Stanford-HMS
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_name	String	Dr Christopher Lowe
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_nid	String	472792
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_4_affiliation	String	San Francisco State University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_4_affiliation_acronym	String	SFSU-RTC
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_4_person_name	String	Dr Matthew Ferner
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_4_person_nid	String	472791
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_4_role	String	Contact
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_4_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_5_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_5_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_5_person_name	String	Nancy Copley
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_5_person_nid	String	50396
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_5_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_5_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	Turbulence-spurred settlement
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	Turbulence-spurred settlement
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	Description from NSF award abstract: With this award the investigators will explore a habitat-scale oceanographic process that has the potential to integrate studies of larval delivery with an understanding of how larvae respond to substrate-associated cues. This work will build on published and preliminary data indicating that turbulent shear characteristic of high-energy near shore environments primes larvae to initiate settlement and to transform into the juvenile stage. These prior findings suggest that: 1) Because turbulence intensity varies predictably as a function of the strength of wave breaking and other factors, turbulence could operate as an indicator for larvae of their approach to suitable habitat, providing a link between larger-scale dispersal phenomena, and near-bottom search and selection behaviors; and 2) The larval response to turbulence acts in an unprecedented fashion. In contrast to typical cues, turbulence does not induce settlement directly, but rather spurs otherwise "pre-competent" larvae that are refractory to chemical cues to become "competent", thereby causing them to acquire responsiveness to such cues and undergo settlement. The interdisciplinary team has combined expertise in larval biology, sensory ecology, and organism-flow interactions necessary to address this topic. They will employ a phylogenetically robust approach to explore the scope and adaptive significance of the turbulence response in a widespread and ecologically important class of organisms (echinoids; sea urchins and their relatives), and will determine whether the response is aligned with environmental conditions characteristic of these organisms' adult habitat. They will also test for ecologically important functional consequences of precocious, turbulence-induced settlement. This work will provide a detailed look at an entirely new class of settlement inducer, one with strong potential for changing current conceptualizations of dispersing larval stages, their ability to detect signatures of habitat across multiple scales, and the ways in which organism-level traits might influence population connectivity. How organisms with dispersing life stages find their way back to adult habitat is a fundamental question in marine ecology. Considerable research has explored links between transport, delivery, settlement, and recruitment, with important advances in knowledge. However, a complete understanding of the larval recruitment process remains elusive. Standard tools for estimating dispersal (e.g., numerical circulation models) have limited spatial resolution, which prevents them from predicting at scales below a few hundred meters how larvae will interact with the shore. Studies investigating larval attachment have focused on chemical, tactile, or near-bottom hydrodynamic cues active across microns to centimeters. The novelty of the present project is that it will focus on processes at habitat scales -- between transport and settlement -- where there is a gap in the understanding of processes. This project will provide a framework for integrating key concepts of propagule dispersal and settlement, two fundamental but largely disjunct themes in marine science. The understanding that will come from this study will provide key information for ecosystem based management of coastal marine resources. The investigators will develop a "Surfing to Settlement" virtual lab activity based on their research that will be incorporated into the VirtualUrchin web platform, a widely exploited educational resource at Stanford that gets thousands of unique users per month. Through connections to the San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, they will integrate the "Surfing to Settlement" activity into one of NERRs professional development workshops for central California educators, thus disseminating this resource to and gaining valuable feedback from dozens of teachers and thousands of students.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2017-01
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	Northeast Pacific
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	Turbulence-spurred settlement: Deciphering a newly recognized class of larval response
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	472793
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2014-02
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	subsetVariables	String	species
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Experimental results of turbulence-exposed sand dollar Dendraster excentricus larvae and their response to a variety of settlement cues.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	Experimental results of turbulence-exposed sand dollar Dendraster excentricus larvae and their response to a variety of settlement cues
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	figure		byte
attribute	figure	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	figure	actual_range	byte	1, 3
attribute	figure	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	figure	description	String	figure number from BMC Zoology publication
attribute	figure	long_name	String	Figure
attribute	figure	units	String	unitless
variable	competence		String
attribute	competence	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	competence	description	String	readiness of the larvae to settle
attribute	competence	long_name	String	Competence
attribute	competence	units	String	unitless
variable	date_expt		String
attribute	date_expt	bcodmo_name	String	date
attribute	date_expt	description	String	date of experiment formatted as yyyy-mm-dd
attribute	date_expt	long_name	String	Date Expt
attribute	date_expt	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/
attribute	date_expt	source_name	String	date_expt
attribute	date_expt	time_precision	String	1970-01-01
attribute	date_expt	units	String	unitless
variable	species		String
attribute	species	bcodmo_name	String	species
attribute	species	description	String	species name
attribute	species	long_name	String	Species
attribute	species	units	String	unitless
variable	rpm		String
attribute	rpm	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	rpm	description	String	rotations per minute of the Taylor-Couette cell; unmanip = no rotation applied
attribute	rpm	long_name	String	RPM
attribute	rpm	units	String	rotations per minute
variable	replicate		byte
attribute	replicate	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	replicate	actual_range	byte	1, 4
attribute	replicate	bcodmo_name	String	replicate
attribute	replicate	description	String	replicate number
attribute	replicate	long_name	String	Replicate
attribute	replicate	units	String	unitless
variable	dpf		byte
attribute	dpf	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	dpf	actual_range	byte	10, 18
attribute	dpf	bcodmo_name	String	days
attribute	dpf	description	String	days post fertilization
attribute	dpf	long_name	String	DPF
attribute	dpf	units	String	days
variable	cue		String
attribute	cue	bcodmo_name	String	treatment
attribute	cue	description	String	settlement inducing media; MFSW = Millipore-filtered seawater; KCl = potassium chloride in seawater
attribute	cue	long_name	String	Cue
attribute	cue	units	String	unitless
variable	number_larvae		byte
attribute	number_larvae	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	number_larvae	actual_range	byte	12, 27
attribute	number_larvae	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	number_larvae	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	number_larvae	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	number_larvae	description	String	number of larvae in experiment
attribute	number_larvae	long_name	String	Number Larvae
attribute	number_larvae	units	String	larvae
variable	number_settled		byte
attribute	number_settled	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	number_settled	actual_range	byte	0, 11
attribute	number_settled	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	number_settled	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	number_settled	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	number_settled	description	String	number of settled larvae
attribute	number_settled	long_name	String	Number Settled
attribute	number_settled	units	String	larvae
variable	number_settled_0hr		byte
attribute	number_settled_0hr	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	number_settled_0hr	actual_range	byte	0, 17
attribute	number_settled_0hr	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	number_settled_0hr	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	number_settled_0hr	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	number_settled_0hr	description	String	number of settled larvae at time 0
attribute	number_settled_0hr	long_name	String	Number Settled 0hr
attribute	number_settled_0hr	units	String	larvae
variable	number_settled_1hr		byte
attribute	number_settled_1hr	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	number_settled_1hr	actual_range	byte	0, 22
attribute	number_settled_1hr	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	number_settled_1hr	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	number_settled_1hr	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	number_settled_1hr	description	String	number of settled larvae at 1 hour
attribute	number_settled_1hr	long_name	String	Number Settled 1hr
attribute	number_settled_1hr	units	String	larvae
variable	number_settled_16hr		byte
attribute	number_settled_16hr	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	number_settled_16hr	actual_range	byte	0, 27
attribute	number_settled_16hr	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	number_settled_16hr	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	number_settled_16hr	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	number_settled_16hr	description	String	number of settled larvae at 16 hours
attribute	number_settled_16hr	long_name	String	Number Settled 16hr
attribute	number_settled_16hr	units	String	larvae
variable	number_on_bottom		byte
attribute	number_on_bottom	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	number_on_bottom	actual_range	byte	0, 14
attribute	number_on_bottom	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	number_on_bottom	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	number_on_bottom	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	number_on_bottom	description	String	number of settled larvae
attribute	number_on_bottom	long_name	String	Number On Bottom
attribute	number_on_bottom	units	String	larvae
variable	number_settled_1_5hr		byte
attribute	number_settled_1_5hr	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	number_settled_1_5hr	actual_range	byte	0, 13
attribute	number_settled_1_5hr	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	number_settled_1_5hr	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	number_settled_1_5hr	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	number_settled_1_5hr	description	String	number of settled larvae at 1.5 hours
attribute	number_settled_1_5hr	long_name	String	Number Settled 1 5hr
attribute	number_settled_1_5hr	units	String	larvae
variable	number_settled_8hr		byte
attribute	number_settled_8hr	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	number_settled_8hr	actual_range	byte	0, 17
attribute	number_settled_8hr	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	number_settled_8hr	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	number_settled_8hr	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	number_settled_8hr	description	String	number of settled larvae at 8 hours
attribute	number_settled_8hr	long_name	String	Number Settled 8hr
attribute	number_settled_8hr	units	String	larvae
variable	number_settled_18hr		byte
attribute	number_settled_18hr	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	number_settled_18hr	actual_range	byte	0, 17
attribute	number_settled_18hr	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	number_settled_18hr	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	number_settled_18hr	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	number_settled_18hr	description	String	number of settled larvae at 18 hours
attribute	number_settled_18hr	long_name	String	Number Settled 18hr
attribute	number_settled_18hr	units	String	larvae

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.