ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_750265

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	FGDC, ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
		data	graph		files	public	[accessory transects] - Summed coral cover along the four accessory transects in St. John from 1989 to 2017 (RUI-LTREB Renewal: Three decades of coral reef community dynamics in St. John, USVI: 2014-2019)		I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_750265

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	Photoquadrats at Yawzi Point and Tektite were recorded using cameras attached to a framer that held them perpendicular to the reef. A Nikonos V (35-mm format) was used from 1987-1999, and digital cameras thereafter, with 3.3 MP resolution from 2000\u20132006, 6.1 MP from 2006\u20132010, 12.1 MP in 2011, 16.2 from 2012\u20132015, and 36.3 MP from 2016\u2013present. Cameras were fitted with a strobe (Nikonos SB 105) and the images resolved objects \u2265 1-cm diameter. The analyses at Yawzi Point and Tektite were augmented in 1992 with six additional sites that were selected using random coordinates constrained to hard substrata. This sampling focused on a habitat where boulders and cliffs of igneous rock are common, mean coral cover has remained < 5%, and\u00a0Orbicella annularis\u00a0has not been common since at least 1992. Five sites are at 9-m depth, with one at 7-m depth (RS9), and they have been recorded annually. These sites serve as replicates of reefs between Cabritte Horn and White Point, and are analyzed as the pooled random sites (PRS). Results from 1995 (May) and 1996 (May) are used to evaluate the effects of Hurricanes Luis and Marilyn, and from 2017 (July and November) to evaluate the effects of Hurricanes Irma and Maria. Each site consists of a permanently marked transect at a constant depth that was 20-m long from 1992\u20131999 (n ~ 18 photoquadrats site-1), but was extended to 40 m in 2000 when digital photography was implemented (n ~ 40 photoquadrats site-1). Photoquadrats (0.5 \u00d7 0.5 m) were recorded at random positions along each transect (and re- randomized annually) using cameras (as described above) attached to a framer that held them perpendicular to the reef. Cameras were attached to two strobes (Nikonos SB 105), and resolved objects to at least 5-mm diameter. Photoquadrats were analyzed by overlaying them with a grid of 200 randomly- located dots and identifying the substratum beneath each dot. Images were analyzed manually prior to 2005, from 2005\u20132011 using CPCe software, and from 2012 to present, using CoralNet software with manual annotations. With this approach, the abundance of each substratum type is defined by the total number of dots that occur on top of it in each image, and when expressed as a percentage of the dot population on each image, provides a measure of percentage cover (hereafter \u201ccover\u201d) (Menge 1976). Two resolutions were applied to the analyses, first to resolve three functional groups (FG), coral (combined cover of scleractinians), macroalgae (algae \u2265 1-cm high, mostly\u00a0Halimeda, Lobophora, Padina, and\u00a0Dictyota), and a combined category of crustose coralline algae, algal turf, and bare space (CTB). Second, scleractinians were resolved to the lowest taxonomic level possible, which was genera at Yawzi Point and Tektite, and a combination of species and genera at the PRS. In addition to the hurricanes described herein, St. John also was impacted by Hurricane Lenny on 17 November 1999 (Table S1). However, underwater damage attributed to this storm was minor, probably due to the modest local wind speeds (150 km h-1), and propagation of damaging waves east and south that reduced their impacts on the southern shore of St. John. The effects of Hurricane Lenny are not considered in the present analysis. Given the vagaries of fieldwork extending over 31 Years, it was not possible to standardize the timing of sampling that took place before and after each storm episode. Sampling took place 6 weeks after Hurricane Hugo, 8 months after Hurricane Luis, and 9 weeks after Hurricane Maria. Sampling after the two most recent storms was comparable to sampling after Hurricane Hugo with regards to the delay following the storms and, therefore, probably quantified mostly coral mortality directly attributable to physical damage, and blooms of macroalgae commensurate with the growth that is possible in two autumn months. The longer delay in sampling after Hurricanes Marilyn and Luis probably resulted in measurements of coral mortality that was caused both by direct physical damage and delayed-onset disease, as well as blooms of macroalgae that can grow over 8 months extending from autumn to spring.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	55191
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	DEB-0841441
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0841441&HistoricalAwards=false
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	National Science Foundation
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	350
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	Saran Twombly
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	51702
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_award_nid	String	55194
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_award_number	String	DEB-0343570
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0343570&HistoricalAwards=false
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_funder_name	String	National Science Foundation
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_funding_acronym	String	NSF
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_funding_source_nid	String	350
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_program_manager	String	Saran Twombly
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_program_manager_nid	String	51702
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_award_nid	String	562593
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_award_number	String	DEB-1350146
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1350146
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Environmental Biology
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_funding_acronym	String	NSF DEB
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_funding_source_nid	String	550432
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_program_manager	String	Betsy Von Holle
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_2_program_manager_nid	String	701685
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_3_award_nid	String	722162
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_3_award_number	String	OCE-1801335
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_3_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1801335
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_3_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_3_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_3_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_3_program_manager	String	Daniel Thornhill
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_3_program_manager_nid	String	722161
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	Summed coral cover along the four accessory transects in St. John from 1989 to 2017 PI: Peter J. Edmunds Version: 2018-11-26
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2018-11-27T18:33:26Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2018-11-28T16:21:32Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&amp;time&lt;now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.750265.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/750265
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_acronym	String	camera
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description	String	Photoquadrats at Yawzi Point and Tektite were recorded using cameras attached to a framer that held them perpendicular to the reef.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid	String	750272
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_description	String	All types of photographic equipment including stills, video, film and digital systems.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/311/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_name	String	Camera
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_nid	String	520
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_supplied_name	String	cameras
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, coral, Coral_1989, Coral_1995, Coral_1996, Coral_Jul_17, Coral_Nov_17, data, dataset, dmo, erddap, management, num, oceanography, office, preliminary, quadrat, Quadrat_num, transect, Transect_num
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/750265/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/750265
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'750265': {}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/750265/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	California State University Northridge
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation_acronym	String	CSU-Northridge
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Peter J. Edmunds
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	51536
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Mathew Biddle
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	708682
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	RUI-LTREB
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	RUI-LTREB
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	Describing how ecosystems like coral reefs are changing is at the forefront of efforts to evaluate the biological consequences of global climate change and ocean acidification. Coral reefs have become the poster child of these efforts. Amid concern that they could become ecologically extinct within a century, describing what has been lost, what is left, and what is at risk, is of paramount importance. This project exploits an unrivalled legacy of information beginning in 1987 to evaluate the form in which reefs will persist, and the extent to which they will be able to resist further onslaughts of environmental challenges. This long-term project continues a 27-year study of Caribbean coral reefs. The diverse data collected will allow the investigators to determine the roles of local and global disturbances in reef degradation. The data will also reveal the structure and function of reefs in a future with more human disturbances, when corals may no longer dominate tropical reefs. The broad societal impacts of this project include advancing understanding of an ecosystem that has long been held emblematic of the beauty, diversity, and delicacy of the biological world. Proposed research will expose new generations of undergraduate and graduate students to natural history and the quantitative assessment of the ways in which our planet is changing. This training will lead to a more profound understanding of contemporary ecology at the same time that it promotes excellence in STEM careers and supports technology infrastructure in the United States. Partnerships will be established between universities and high schools to bring university faculty and students in contact with k-12 educators and their students, allow teachers to carry out research in inspiring coral reef locations, and motivate children to pursue STEM careers. Open access to decades of legacy data will stimulate further research and teaching.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2019-04
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	USVI
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	RUI-LTREB Renewal: Three decades of coral reef community dynamics in St. John, USVI: 2014-2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	734983
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_website	String	http://coralreefs.csun.edu/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2014-05
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	These files contain data that support an analysis of the effects of two major hurricanes on coral reefs that have been extensively studied for more than three decades. Major tropical storms are destructive phenomena with large effects on the community dynamics of multiple biomes. On coral reefs, their impacts have been described for decades, leading to the expectation that future storms should have effects similar to those recorded in the past. This expectation relies on the assumption that storm intensities will remain unchanged, and the impacted coral reef communities are similar to those of the recent past; neither assumption is correct. These data support a study quantifying the effects of two category five hurricanes on the reefs of St. John, US Virgin Islands, where 31 y of time-series analyses reveal chronic coral mortality, increasing macroalgal abundance, and five major hurricanes that caused acute coral mortality. Contextualized by these trends, the effects of the most recent storms, Hurricanes Irma and Maria (September 2017), on coral cover were modest. While mean absolute coral cover declined 1\u20134% depending on site, these effects were not statistically discernable. Following decades of increasing abundance of macroalgae, this functional group responded to the recent hurricanes with large increases in abundance on both absolute and relative scales. Decades of chronic mortality have changed the coral assemblages of St. John to create degraded communities that are resistant to severe storms.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	[accessory transects] - Summed coral cover along the four accessory transects in St. John from 1989 to 2017 (RUI-LTREB Renewal: Three decades of coral reef community dynamics in St. John, USVI: 2014-2019)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	Transect_num		byte
attribute	Transect_num	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Transect_num	actual_range	byte	1, 4
attribute	Transect_num	bcodmo_name	String	transect
attribute	Transect_num	description	String	transect number
attribute	Transect_num	long_name	String	Transect Num
attribute	Transect_num	units	String	unitless
variable	Quadrat_num		byte
attribute	Quadrat_num	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Quadrat_num	actual_range	byte	1, 20
attribute	Quadrat_num	bcodmo_name	String	sample
attribute	Quadrat_num	description	String	quadrat number. The study was designed to have 20 quadrats along each of 4 lines; each quadrat is ~ 1 x 1 m in size and nd = missing data
attribute	Quadrat_num	long_name	String	Quadrat Num
attribute	Quadrat_num	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/
attribute	Quadrat_num	units	String	unitless
variable	Coral_1989		float
attribute	Coral_1989	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Coral_1989	actual_range	float	0.0, 85.3
attribute	Coral_1989	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	Coral_1989	description	String	combined coral cover during 1989
attribute	Coral_1989	long_name	String	Coral 1989
attribute	Coral_1989	units	String	percent
variable	Coral_1995		float
attribute	Coral_1995	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Coral_1995	actual_range	float	0.0, 68.1
attribute	Coral_1995	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	Coral_1995	description	String	combined coral cover during 1995
attribute	Coral_1995	long_name	String	Coral 1995
attribute	Coral_1995	units	String	percent
variable	Coral_1996		float
attribute	Coral_1996	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Coral_1996	actual_range	float	0.0, 44.3
attribute	Coral_1996	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	Coral_1996	description	String	combined coral cover during 1996
attribute	Coral_1996	long_name	String	Coral 1996
attribute	Coral_1996	units	String	percent
variable	Coral_Jul_17		float
attribute	Coral_Jul_17	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Coral_Jul_17	actual_range	float	0.0, 30.6
attribute	Coral_Jul_17	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	Coral_Jul_17	description	String	combined coral cover during Jul 2017
attribute	Coral_Jul_17	long_name	String	Coral Jul 17
attribute	Coral_Jul_17	units	String	percent
variable	Coral_Nov_17		float
attribute	Coral_Nov_17	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Coral_Nov_17	actual_range	float	0.0, 44.4
attribute	Coral_Nov_17	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	Coral_Nov_17	description	String	combined coral cover during Nov 2017
attribute	Coral_Nov_17	long_name	String	Coral Nov 17
attribute	Coral_Nov_17	units	String	percent

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.