ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_752953

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
		data	graph		files	public	Experimental counts and locations within columns of depth-varying pH to investigate the behavioral effects of ocean acidification on sand dollar larvae (Dendraster excentricus), July 2017		I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_752953

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	Spawning and fertilization: We collected adult sand dollars (D. excentricus) from Semiahmoo Bay, WA, on July 7, 2017, and maintained them in 14\u00b0C continuous flowing seawater at the Shannon Point Marine Center. On July 12, 2017, we induced twelve individuals to spawn by injecting 1-mL of 0.5-M KCl into the coelom following methods outlined by Strathmann (1987).\u00a0 We then collected and mixed concentrated gametes of four males and four females for fertilization. We added five drops of sperm to 500-mL of filtered seawater and 5-mL of eggs. We placed the fertilized eggs in 12\u00b0C incubator and bubbled them with ambient pCO2 condition for 12-hrs before dividing the embryos into pCO2 treatment conditions before gastrulation. Larval Rearing We reared D. excentricus larvae (2 individuals mL-1) at 12\u00b0C in eight 3-L jars that were individually bubbled with CO2 to achieve four replicates of ambient (400ppm) and acidic (1500ppm) pCO2 conditions. Each jar of larvae received a water change with pre-equilibrated 0.35-m filtered ambient and acidic seawater and fed the larvae D. tertiolecta (6,000 cells ml-1) daily. Pre-equilibrated ambient and acidic water was held in tanks within the same 12\u00b0C incubator as the rearing jars. Experimental Design We conducted two behavioral experiments; one when the larvae were 4-arm pleutei and one when the larvae were 6-armed pleutei. To measure the effect of pH conditions on the vertical distribution of larvae we established three experimental pycnocline treatments within clear plexiglass water columns (2.5cm x 2.5cm x 30cm): (1) ambient water (400ppm) in the top layer and acidic water in the bottom layer (1500ppm), (2) ambient water (400ppm) in both top and bottom layers, and (3) acidic water (1500ppm) in the top layer and ambient water (400ppm) in the bottom layer. Each water layer was 60-mL of water and filled the column 10-cm high, so when each experimental treatment was established it filled the column to 20-cm. We established the experimental treatments by increasing the density of seawater in the bottom layer by 0.003-0.005 g ml-1 using PercollTM GE Healthcare (Podolsky & Emlet 1993). Experimental treatment water was kept at 12\u00b0C and pre-equilibrated to the desired pCO2 level and density. We also included blue food coloring (1 drop per 100-mL) to the dense bottom layer to more easily visualize the density layers while establishing experimental treatments. We set-up four replicate columns for each experimental treatment making twelve columns total per experiment. Columns were positioned in a randomized order along the table of a walk-in incubator set to 12\u00b0C. Once columns were in position and treatments were established, we carefully injected 150 larvae by syringe into the bottom 2-cm of each column with no more than 2-mL of their culture water. Larvae were given 10 minutes in darkness to acclimate before we performed the first count of vertical positions of larvae in each water column. At 30 minutes of acclimation, we performed a second count of vertical positions of larvae in each column. For each larval count, we used a small hand-held flashlight and counted by eye the number of larvae occupying each centimeter of the water column beginning at the bottom and moving up to the top. We did these counts in the dark, so only one column received direct light from our small flashlight at a time to reduce the influence of light on the larvae\u2019s behavior.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	684166
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-1538626
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1538626
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	Michael E. Sieracki
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	50446
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	Dendraster Behavior OA Expt, 2017 S. Arellano, B. Olson, S. Yang (WWU) version: 2019-01-14
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2019-01-16T19:36:20Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2019-09-25T19:31:41Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&time<now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.752953.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/752953
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, column, column_name, column_treatment, count, count_id, data, dataset, date, dmo, erddap, height, height_cm, larvae, larvae_count, larvae_stage, larvae_treatment, management, middepth, middepth_cm, name, oceanography, office, preliminary, proportion, proportion_larvae, stage, time, treatment
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/752953/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/752953
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'752953': {'middepth_cm': 'master - depth'}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/752953/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	Western Washington University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation_acronym	String	WWU
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Shawn M Arellano
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	684169
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	Western Washington University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	WWU
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Dr Brady M. Olson
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	51528
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	Western Washington University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation_acronym	String	WWU
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Dr Sylvia Yang
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	684172
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_name	String	Nancy Copley
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_nid	String	50396
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	Climate stressors on larvae
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	Climate stressors on larvae
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	In the face of climate change, future distribution of animals will depend not only on whether they adjust to new conditions in their current habitat, but also on whether a species can spread to suitable locations in a changing habitat landscape. In the ocean, where most species have tiny drifting larval stages, dispersal between habitats is impacted by more than just ocean currents alone; the swimming behavior of larvae, the flow environment the larvae encounter, and the length of time the larvae spend in the water column all interact to impact the distance and direction of larval dispersal. The effects of climate change, especially ocean acidification, are already evident in shellfish species along the Pacific coast, where hatchery managers have noticed shellfish cultures with 'lazy larvae syndrome.' Under conditions of increased acidification, these 'lazy larvae' simply stop swimming; yet, larval swimming behavior is rarely incorporated into studies of ocean acidification. Furthermore, how ocean warming interacts with the effects of acidification on larvae and their swimming behaviors remains unexplored; indeed, warming could reverse 'lazy larvae syndrome.' This project uses a combination of manipulative laboratory experiments, computer modeling, and a real case study to examine whether the impacts of ocean warming and acidification on individual larvae may affect the distribution and restoration of populations of native oysters in the Salish Sea. The project will tightly couple research with undergraduate education at Western Washington University, a primarily undergraduate university, by employing student researchers, incorporating materials into undergraduate courses, and pairing marine science student interns with art student interns to develop art projects aimed at communicating the effects of climate change to public audiences As studies of the effects of climate stress in the marine environment progress, impacts on individual-level performance must be placed in a larger ecological context. While future climate-induced circulation changes certainly will affect larval dispersal, the effects of climate-change stressors on individual larval traits alone may have equally important impacts, significantly altering larval transport and, ultimately, species distribution. This study will experimentally examine the relationship between combined climate stressors (warming and acidification) on planktonic larval duration, morphology, and swimming behavior; create models to generate testable hypotheses about the effects of these factors on larval dispersal that can be applied across systems; and, finally, use a bio-physically coupled larval transport model to examine whether climate-impacted larvae may affect the distribution and restoration of populations of native oysters in the Salish Sea.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2018-08
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	Coastal Pacific, USA
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	RUI: Will climate change cause 'lazy larvae'? Effects of climate stressors on larval behavior and dispersal
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	684167
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2015-09
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Data collected from a laboratory water column experiment to investigate the behavioral effects of ocean acidification on sand dollar larvae (Dendraster excentricus).
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	Experimental counts and locations within columns of depth-varying pH to investigate the behavioral effects of ocean acidification on sand dollar larvae (Dendraster excentricus), July 2017
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	date		String
attribute	date	bcodmo_name	String	date_local
attribute	date	description	String	Date of experiment formatted as yyyy-mm-dd
attribute	date	long_name	String	Date
attribute	date	source_name	String	date
attribute	date	time_precision	String	1970-01-01
attribute	date	units	String	unitless
variable	larvae_stage		String
attribute	larvae_stage	bcodmo_name	String	stage
attribute	larvae_stage	description	String	Stage of Dendraster excentricus larvae used in the experiment: 4-arm or 6-arm stage plutei
attribute	larvae_stage	long_name	String	Larvae Stage
attribute	larvae_stage	units	String	unitless
variable	larvae_treatment		String
attribute	larvae_treatment	bcodmo_name	String	treatment
attribute	larvae_treatment	description	String	Indicates the pCO2 treatment condition larvae were reared in from the time of spawning to the time of the experiment. "acidic" condition was treatment water maintained at 1500ppm and "neutral" condition was treatment water maintained at 400ppm.
attribute	larvae_treatment	long_name	String	Larvae Treatment
attribute	larvae_treatment	units	String	unitless
variable	column_treatment		String
attribute	column_treatment	bcodmo_name	String	treatment
attribute	column_treatment	description	String	Identifies the experimental treatment of the water column that larvae were placed into. The first word indicates the pCO2 condition of the water layer at the top of the column and the second word indicates the pCO2 condition of the water layer at the bottom of the column. "Acidic" water was bubbled to be 1500ppm and the "neutral" water was bubbled to be 400ppm.
attribute	column_treatment	long_name	String	Column Treatment
attribute	column_treatment	units	String	unitless
variable	column_name		String
attribute	column_name	bcodmo_name	String	sample
attribute	column_name	description	String	code for: (1) the pCO2 treatment of the water in the top of the column (A or N); (2) the pCO2 treatment the larvae were reared within (A or N); (3) the pCO2 treatment of the water in the bottom of the column (A or N); and (4) the replicate number. "A"= acidic water that was bubbled to be 1500 pCO2; "N" = neutral water that was bubbled to be 400 pCO2
attribute	column_name	long_name	String	Column Name
attribute	column_name	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/
attribute	column_name	units	String	unitless
variable	count_id		String
attribute	count_id	bcodmo_name	String	replicate
attribute	count_id	description	String	Identifies the count number (1 or 2) per experimental date. The vertical positions of larvae in the columns were counted twice for each experiment; the first count at 10 minutes post larval introduction into the column and the second count at 30 minutes post larval introduction into the column.
attribute	count_id	long_name	String	Count Id
attribute	count_id	units	String	unitless
variable	height_cm		byte
attribute	height_cm	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	height_cm	actual_range	byte	1, 20
attribute	height_cm	bcodmo_name	String	height
attribute	height_cm	description	String	The height above the bottom of the water column where larvae were counted
attribute	height_cm	long_name	String	Height Cm
attribute	height_cm	units	String	centimeters
variable	middepth_cm		double
attribute	middepth_cm	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	middepth_cm	actual_range	double	0.5, 19.5
attribute	middepth_cm	bcodmo_name	String	depth
attribute	middepth_cm	description	String	Middepth of the section of the water column in which larvae were counted
attribute	middepth_cm	long_name	String	Middepth Cm
attribute	middepth_cm	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/DEPH/
attribute	middepth_cm	units	String	centimeters
variable	larvae_count		byte
attribute	larvae_count	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	larvae_count	actual_range	byte	0, 108
attribute	larvae_count	bcodmo_name	String	count
attribute	larvae_count	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	larvae_count	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	larvae_count	description	String	The number of larvae occupying that area of the water column during the count
attribute	larvae_count	long_name	String	Larvae Count
attribute	larvae_count	units	String	# of larvae
variable	proportion_larvae		float
attribute	proportion_larvae	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	proportion_larvae	actual_range	float	0.0, 0.912
attribute	proportion_larvae	bcodmo_name	String	relative_abund
attribute	proportion_larvae	description	String	Proportion of total larvae occupying that area of the water column during the count
attribute	proportion_larvae	long_name	String	Proportion Larvae
attribute	proportion_larvae	units	String	unitless

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.