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   set  data   graph     files  public Kelp forest community structure at central and western Aleutian Islands, Alaska from visual
surveys, July 2014
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The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson,.odvTxt
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String We characterized the ecological status of each island by quantifying the
abundance of kelps, understory algae, coralline algae, etc. at randomly
selected sites, using the same methods that have been employed by us and
others over the past 30 years (Estes et al. 2010). Originally, we identified
potential study sites by laying a grid over a map of each island, marking
every place a grid line intersected the coast; these marks were later assigned
GPS waypoints. During the 2014 research cruise, we randomly selected and
resampled six sites per island, or in the Semichi Islands (Alaid, Nizki, and
Shemya)\u2014island group\u2014as this level of sampling is sufficient to
determine the ecological status of an island (Estes et al. 2010). We performed
identical community surveys at the sites we studied with respect to algal reef
bioerosion (see associated metadata forms and datasets).

At each site, one diver sampled twenty 0.25-m^2 quadrats along the 20 foot
depth contour, taking a random number of kicks between quadrats. Patches of
unconsolidated substrate were rare on the rocky reef; however, if one was
encountered while sampling, the diver took an additional random number of
kicks and again deployed the quadrat. In each quadrat, s/he counted the stipe
density of all kelps (by species) and estimated the abundance (percent cover)
of fleshy red algae, sessile invertebrates, encrusting coralline algae (almost
exclusively Clathromorphum nereostratum), branching coralline algae, and other
algae such as Desmarestia or Codium species. Percent cover was visually
estimated on a scale of 1-6, where 1 = 0-5%, 2 = 6-25%, 3 = 26-50%, 4 =
51-75%, 5 = 76-95%, and 6 = 96-100 % cover.
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 526658
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String PLR-1316141
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1316141 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Arctic Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF ARC
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 390
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String Henrietta N Edmonds
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 51517
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String island_benthic_survey_vegetation_2014
Aleutian Islands, AK, July 2014
PI's: R. Steneck (UME), J. Estes (UCSCD)
version: 2019-01-30
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2019-02-06T21:22:59Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2019-02-25T18:55:50Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.755187.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Easternmost_Easting double 179.3562833
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_max double 52.9441
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_min double 51.40283333
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degrees_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_max double 179.3562833
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_min double 173.2486
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degrees_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/755187 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String agarum, Agarum_clathratum_density, algae, bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, clathratum, clathrus, codium, Codium_spp_cover_score, coralline, cover, crustose, crustose_coralline_algae_cover_score, cymathaere, Cymathaere_triplicata_density, data, dataset, date, density, depth, depth_feet, desmarestia, Desmarestia_spp_cover_score, dmo, erddap, eualaria, Eualaria_fistulosa_density, feeder, filamentous, filamentous_red_algae_cover_score, fistulosa, island, laminaria, Laminaria_longipes_density, Laminaria_spp_density, Laminaria_yezoensis_density, latitude, longipes, longitude, management, name, observer, oceanography, office, preliminary, red, replicate, score, site, site_name, spp, suspension, suspension_feeder_cover_score, thalassiophyllum, Thalassiophyllum_clathrus_density, time, triplicata, yezoensis
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/755187/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/755187 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Northernmost_Northing double 52.9441
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'755187': {'date': 'flag - time', 'depth_feet': 'flag - depth', 'longitude': 'flag - longitude', 'latitude': 'flag - latitude'}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/755187/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String University of Maine
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation_acronym String U Maine DMC
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Robert S. Steneck
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 526659
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String University of California-Santa Cruz
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String UC Santa Cruz
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String James Estes
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 51389
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation String Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_name String Douglas B. Rasher
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_nid String 480721
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_name String Nancy Copley
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_nid String 50396
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String OA Kelp Forest Function
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String OA Kelp Forest Function
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String Extracted from the NSF award abstract:
Marine calcifying organisms are most at risk to rapid ocean acidification (OA) in cold-water ecosystems. The investigators propose to determine if a globally unique and widespread calcareous alga in Alaska's Aleutian archipelago, Clathromorphum nereostratum, is threatened with extinction due to the combined effects of OA and food web alterations. C. nereostratum is a slow growing coralline alga that can live to at least 2000 years. It accretes massive 'bioherms' that dominate the regions' rocky substrate both under kelp forests and deforested sea urchin barrens. It develops growth bands (similar to tree rings) in its calcareous skeleton, which effectively record its annual calcification rate over centuries. Pilot data suggest the skeletal density of C. nereostratum began to decline precipitously in the 1990's in some parts of the Aleutian archipelago. The investigators now propose to use high-resolution microscopy and microCT imaging to examine how the growth and skeletal density of C. nereostratum has changed in the past 300 years (i.e., since the industrial revolution) across the western Aleutians. They will compare their records of algal skeletal densities and their variation through time with reconstructions of past climate to infer causes of change. In addition, the investigators will examine whether the alga's defense against grazing by sea urchins is compromised by ongoing ocean acidification. The investigators will survey the extent of C. nereostratum bioerosion occurring at 10 sites spanning the western Aleutians, both inside and outside of kelp forests. At each site they will compare these patterns to observed and monitored ecosystem trophic structure and recent C. nereostratum calcification rates. Field observations will be combined with laboratory experiments to determine if it is a decline in the alga's skeletal density (due to recent OA and warming), an increase in grazing intensity (due to recent trophic-level dysfunction), or their interactive effects that are likely responsible for bioerosion patterns inside vs. outside of forests. By sampling C. nereostratum inside and outside of forests, they will determine if kelp forests locally increase pH via photosynthesis, and thus buffer the effects of OA on coralline calcification. The combination of field observations with laboratory controlled experiments, manipulating CO2 and temperature, will help elucidate drivers of calcification and project how these species interactions will likely change in the near future. The project will provide the first in situ example of how ongoing ocean acidification is affecting the physiology of long-lived, carbonate producing organisms in the subarctic North Pacific. It will also be one of the first studies to document whether OA, ocean warming, and food web changes to ecological processes are interacting in complex ways to reshape the outcome of species interactions in nature.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2016-08
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String Ocean Acidification: Century Scale Impacts to Ecosystem Structure and Function of Aleutian Kelp Forests
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 526660
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2013-09
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Southernmost_Northing double 51.40283333
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL subsetVariables String depth_feet,observer,Laminaria_yezoensis_density
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Characterization of kelp forest community structure at each island as determined by surveying randomly selected sites. Estimates were derived from visual surveys, performed via SCUBA.
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_end String 2014-07-17
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_start String 2014-07-04
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String Kelp forest community structure at central and western Aleutian Islands, Alaska from visual surveys, July 2014
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Westernmost_Easting double 173.2486
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable island   String  
attribute island bcodmo_name String site
attribute island description String name of island
attribute island long_name String Island
attribute island units String unitless
variable site_name   byte  
attribute site_name _FillValue byte 127
attribute site_name actual_range byte 1, 46
attribute site_name bcodmo_name String site
attribute site_name description String identity of site
attribute site_name long_name String Site Name
attribute site_name units String unitless
variable latitude   double  
attribute latitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lat
attribute latitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute latitude actual_range double 51.40283333, 52.9441
attribute latitude axis String Y
attribute latitude bcodmo_name String latitude
attribute latitude colorBarMaximum double 90.0
attribute latitude colorBarMinimum double -90.0
attribute latitude description String latitude of study site
attribute latitude ioos_category String Location
attribute latitude long_name String Latitude
attribute latitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/ (external link)
attribute latitude standard_name String latitude
attribute latitude units String degrees_north
variable longitude   double  
attribute longitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lon
attribute longitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute longitude actual_range double 173.2486, 179.3562833
attribute longitude axis String X
attribute longitude bcodmo_name String longitude
attribute longitude colorBarMaximum double 180.0
attribute longitude colorBarMinimum double -180.0
attribute longitude description String longitude of study site
attribute longitude ioos_category String Location
attribute longitude long_name String Longitude
attribute longitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/ (external link)
attribute longitude standard_name String longitude
attribute longitude units String degrees_east
variable depth_feet   double  
attribute depth_feet _FillValue double NaN
attribute depth_feet actual_range double 20.0, 20.0
attribute depth_feet bcodmo_name String depth
attribute depth_feet colorBarMaximum double 8000.0
attribute depth_feet colorBarMinimum double -8000.0
attribute depth_feet colorBarPalette String TopographyDepth
attribute depth_feet description String depth of benthic survey
attribute depth_feet long_name String Depth
attribute depth_feet nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/DEPH/ (external link)
attribute depth_feet standard_name String depth
attribute depth_feet units String feet
variable time   double  
attribute time _CoordinateAxisType String Time
attribute time actual_range double 1.404432E9, 1.4055552E9
attribute time axis String T
attribute time bcodmo_name String date
attribute time description String calendar date of survey formatted as yyyy-mm-dd
attribute time ioos_category String Time
attribute time long_name String Date
attribute time nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/ (external link)
attribute time source_name String date
attribute time standard_name String time
attribute time time_origin String 01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute time time_precision String 1970-01-01
attribute time units String seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable observer   String  
attribute observer bcodmo_name String person
attribute observer description String last name of observer
attribute observer long_name String Observer
attribute observer units String unitless
variable replicate   byte  
attribute replicate _FillValue byte 127
attribute replicate actual_range byte 1, 20
attribute replicate bcodmo_name String replicate
attribute replicate description String replicate 0.25-m^2 quadrat identifier
attribute replicate long_name String Replicate
attribute replicate units String unitless
variable Eualaria_fistulosa_density   byte  
attribute Eualaria_fistulosa_density _FillValue byte 127
attribute Eualaria_fistulosa_density actual_range byte 0, 14
attribute Eualaria_fistulosa_density bcodmo_name String abundance
attribute Eualaria_fistulosa_density description String Number of Eualaria_fistulosa found in quadrat
attribute Eualaria_fistulosa_density long_name String Eualaria Fistulosa Density
attribute Eualaria_fistulosa_density nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P03/current/B070/ (external link)
attribute Eualaria_fistulosa_density units String count per 0.25 m^2
variable Laminaria_spp_density   byte  
attribute Laminaria_spp_density _FillValue byte 127
attribute Laminaria_spp_density actual_range byte 0, 2
attribute Laminaria_spp_density bcodmo_name String abundance
attribute Laminaria_spp_density description String Number of Laminaria_spp
attribute Laminaria_spp_density long_name String Laminaria Spp Density
attribute Laminaria_spp_density nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P03/current/B070/ (external link)
attribute Laminaria_spp_density units String count per 0.25 m^2
variable Laminaria_yezoensis_density   byte  
attribute Laminaria_yezoensis_density _FillValue byte 127
attribute Laminaria_yezoensis_density actual_range byte 0, 0
attribute Laminaria_yezoensis_density bcodmo_name String abundance
attribute Laminaria_yezoensis_density description String Number of Laminaria_yezoensis found in quadrat
attribute Laminaria_yezoensis_density long_name String Laminaria Yezoensis Density
attribute Laminaria_yezoensis_density nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P03/current/B070/ (external link)
attribute Laminaria_yezoensis_density units String count per 0.25 m^2
variable Laminaria_longipes_density   byte  
attribute Laminaria_longipes_density _FillValue byte 127
attribute Laminaria_longipes_density actual_range byte 0, 33
attribute Laminaria_longipes_density bcodmo_name String abundance
attribute Laminaria_longipes_density description String Number of Laminaria_longipes found in quadrat
attribute Laminaria_longipes_density long_name String Laminaria Longipes Density
attribute Laminaria_longipes_density nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P03/current/B070/ (external link)
attribute Laminaria_longipes_density units String count per 0.25 m^2
variable Agarum_clathratum_density   byte  
attribute Agarum_clathratum_density _FillValue byte 127
attribute Agarum_clathratum_density actual_range byte 0, 8
attribute Agarum_clathratum_density bcodmo_name String abundance
attribute Agarum_clathratum_density description String Number of Agarum_clathratum found in quadrat
attribute Agarum_clathratum_density long_name String Agarum Clathratum Density
attribute Agarum_clathratum_density nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P03/current/B070/ (external link)
attribute Agarum_clathratum_density units String count per 0.25 m^2
variable Thalassiophyllum_clathrus_density   byte  
attribute Thalassiophyllum_clathrus_density _FillValue byte 127
attribute Thalassiophyllum_clathrus_density actual_range byte 0, 10
attribute Thalassiophyllum_clathrus_density bcodmo_name String abundance
attribute Thalassiophyllum_clathrus_density description String Number of Thalassiophyllum_clathrus found in quadrat
attribute Thalassiophyllum_clathrus_density long_name String Thalassiophyllum Clathrus Density
attribute Thalassiophyllum_clathrus_density nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P03/current/B070/ (external link)
attribute Thalassiophyllum_clathrus_density units String count per 0.25 m^2
variable Cymathaere_triplicata_density   byte  
attribute Cymathaere_triplicata_density _FillValue byte 127
attribute Cymathaere_triplicata_density actual_range byte 0, 6
attribute Cymathaere_triplicata_density bcodmo_name String abundance
attribute Cymathaere_triplicata_density description String Number of Cymathaere_triplicata found in quadrat
attribute Cymathaere_triplicata_density long_name String Cymathaere Triplicata Density
attribute Cymathaere_triplicata_density nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P03/current/B070/ (external link)
attribute Cymathaere_triplicata_density units String count per 0.25 m^2
variable filamentous_red_algae_cover_score   byte  
attribute filamentous_red_algae_cover_score _FillValue byte 127
attribute filamentous_red_algae_cover_score actual_range byte 1, 5
attribute filamentous_red_algae_cover_score bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute filamentous_red_algae_cover_score description String Percent cover of filamentous red algae
attribute filamentous_red_algae_cover_score long_name String Filamentous Red Algae Cover Score
attribute filamentous_red_algae_cover_score units String percent cover per 0.25 m^2
variable suspension_feeder_cover_score   byte  
attribute suspension_feeder_cover_score _FillValue byte 127
attribute suspension_feeder_cover_score actual_range byte 1, 6
attribute suspension_feeder_cover_score bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute suspension_feeder_cover_score description String Percent cover of suspension feeder found in quadrat
attribute suspension_feeder_cover_score long_name String Suspension Feeder Cover Score
attribute suspension_feeder_cover_score units String percent cover per 0.25 m^2
variable Desmarestia_spp_cover_score   byte  
attribute Desmarestia_spp_cover_score _FillValue byte 127
attribute Desmarestia_spp_cover_score actual_range byte 1, 6
attribute Desmarestia_spp_cover_score bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute Desmarestia_spp_cover_score description String Percent cover of Desmarestia spp. found in quadrat
attribute Desmarestia_spp_cover_score long_name String Desmarestia Spp Cover Score
attribute Desmarestia_spp_cover_score units String percent cover per 0.25 m^2
variable Codium_spp_cover_score   byte  
attribute Codium_spp_cover_score _FillValue byte 127
attribute Codium_spp_cover_score actual_range byte 1, 5
attribute Codium_spp_cover_score bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute Codium_spp_cover_score description String Percent cover of Codium spp. found in quadrat
attribute Codium_spp_cover_score long_name String Codium Spp Cover Score
attribute Codium_spp_cover_score units String percent cover per 0.25 m^2
variable crustose_coralline_algae_cover_score   byte  
attribute crustose_coralline_algae_cover_score _FillValue byte 127
attribute crustose_coralline_algae_cover_score actual_range byte 1, 6
attribute crustose_coralline_algae_cover_score bcodmo_name String cover_pcent
attribute crustose_coralline_algae_cover_score description String Percent cover of crustose coralline algae found in quadrat
attribute crustose_coralline_algae_cover_score long_name String Crustose Coralline Algae Cover Score
attribute crustose_coralline_algae_cover_score units String percent cover per 0.25 m^2

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.


 
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