ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_755299

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	FGDC, ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
		data	graph		files	public	[Target site benthic survey reef bioerosion - 2014] - Sea urchin bio-erosion of Clathromorphum nereostratum skeleton at central and western Aleutian Islands, Alaska from visual surveys, July 2014 (Ocean Acidification: Century Scale Impacts to Ecosystem Structure and Function of Aleutian Kelp Forests)		F   I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_755299

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson,.odvTxt
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	We quantified the degree to which urchins have overgrazed Clathromorphum nereostratum across our 700-km study area. To do so, we haphazardly selected a single site at each island for high-resolution study (\"habitat.type\" = \"Barren\"), which were of comparable depth (30-40 feet), harbored an abundance of C. nereostratum, and have a known ecological history. We also studied new sites at Ogliuga, Amchitka, Kiska (Rat Islands), Nizki (Semichi Islands), and Attu that met the same depth and benthic composition criteria but were situated adjacent to shallow (15-24 feet depth) remnant kelp stands; detailed study of these barren sites (\"habitat.type\" = \"Barren + kelp subsidy\") allowed us to document patterns of bioerosion in the presence of kelp-derived urchin food subsidies. We also visited similar sites at Adak and Tanaga to survey bioerosion, but these survey data were omitted due to sampling error and/or violation of site criteria. To assess the proportion of C. nereostratum that was overgrazed at each study site, we visually estimated bioerosion using photo quadrat surveys. At each site, a diver descended to the reef and set a random compass bearing, swam in the direction of that bearing for a predetermined number of kicks, and placed a 25 x 25 cm quadrat on the nearest C. nereostratum colony. The diver then took a full frame, high-resolution photo of the quadrat (camera: Canon 5D Mark II DSLR camera with Ikelite DS-150 strobes; lens: Canon 15mm fisheye, mounted on a Kenko 1.4x teleconverter to narrow the field of view and reduce distortion). This process was repeated, photographing C. nereostratum individuals every two body lengths (~4 m distance; n = 10/site). In the lab, photos were corrected for lens barrel distortion, cropped, and edited for brightness, saturation, and contrast in Adobe Photoshop Elements. Using a grid (1 x 1 cm) overlay, we visually estimated C. nereostratum abundance within each quadrat (\"Clathromorphum.cover\"). We then estimated the proportion of the alga grazed by urchins (\"grazed.score\"), using a scale of 1-6 (where 1 = 0-5%, 2 = 6-25%, 3 = 26-50%, 4 = 51-75%, 5 = 76-95%, and 6 = 96-100 % cover grazed), as the presence of white perithallus indicates overgrazing to a depth > 250 micrometers, below the meristem layer that is responsible for growth and reproduction. Overgrazing scores were ranked (1-3) because photo quality varied depending on field conditions (\"quality.rank\"). Low confidence estimates (rank 3 of 3) were removed from the analysis, as were measurements made in excess of n = 10 per site. We assumed all grazing was due to urchins, as they are the only large herbivore in the ecosystem and their bite scars are easy to identify. To measure the depth (in millimeters) to which urchins grazed C nereostratum (\"max.depth.grazed.mm\"), a second diver haphazardly removed a small sample of the alga from each photoquadrat (after the photo was taken) with hammer and chisel. In the laboratory, the depth of the most pronounced pentaradial urchin grazing scar on each sample was measured using a microscope with ocular micrometer. Finally, to estimate the prevalence of larger grazed features (excavation pits) in the field, which represent the cumulative impacts of grazing over decades to centuries, at each interval where photoquadrats were deployed the second diver also measured the dimensions of the nearest excavation pit (\"pit.volume.cm^3\") generated by grazing (n = 10/site). Each pit was measured with respect to its length, width, and depth (cm). We then approximated the volume of each pit as a half cylinder using the equation V = 1/2[PI]r2h, where r was the depth and h the length of the pit.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	526658
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	PLR-1316141
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1316141
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Arctic Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF ARC
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	390
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	Henrietta N Edmonds
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	51517
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	target_site_benthic_survey_reef_bioerosion_2014 Aleutian Islands, AK, July 2014 PI's: R. Steneck (UME), J. Estes (UCSCD) version: 2019-01-30
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2019-02-07T15:12:17Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2019-02-25T20:05:40Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&time<now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.755299.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Easternmost_Easting	double	179.29806
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_max	double	52.9306
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_min	double	51.41198
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_units	String	degrees_north
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_max	double	179.29806
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_min	double	-178.68897
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_units	String	degrees_east
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/755299
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, clathromorphum, Clathromorphum_cover, cm3, cover, data, dataset, date, depth, depth_feet, dmo, erddap, grazed, grazed_cover_median, grazed_score, habitat, habitat_type, island, latitude, longitude, management, max, max_depth_grazed_mm, median, name, oceanography, office, pit, pit_volume_cm3, preliminary, quality, quality_rank, rank, replicate, score, site, site_name, time, type, volume
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/755299/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/755299
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Northernmost_Northing	double	52.9306
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'755299': {'date': 'flag - time', 'depth_feet': 'flag - depth', 'longitude': 'flag - longitude', 'latitude': 'flag - latitude'}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/755299/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	University of Maine
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation_acronym	String	U Maine DMC
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Robert S. Steneck
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	526659
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	University of California-Santa Cruz
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	UC Santa Cruz
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	James Estes
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	51389
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Douglas B. Rasher
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	480721
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_name	String	Nancy Copley
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_nid	String	50396
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	OA Kelp Forest Function
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	OA Kelp Forest Function
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	Extracted from the NSF award abstract: Marine calcifying organisms are most at risk to rapid ocean acidification (OA) in cold-water ecosystems. The investigators propose to determine if a globally unique and widespread calcareous alga in Alaska's Aleutian archipelago, Clathromorphum nereostratum, is threatened with extinction due to the combined effects of OA and food web alterations. C. nereostratum is a slow growing coralline alga that can live to at least 2000 years. It accretes massive 'bioherms' that dominate the regions' rocky substrate both under kelp forests and deforested sea urchin barrens. It develops growth bands (similar to tree rings) in its calcareous skeleton, which effectively record its annual calcification rate over centuries. Pilot data suggest the skeletal density of C. nereostratum began to decline precipitously in the 1990's in some parts of the Aleutian archipelago. The investigators now propose to use high-resolution microscopy and microCT imaging to examine how the growth and skeletal density of C. nereostratum has changed in the past 300 years (i.e., since the industrial revolution) across the western Aleutians. They will compare their records of algal skeletal densities and their variation through time with reconstructions of past climate to infer causes of change. In addition, the investigators will examine whether the alga's defense against grazing by sea urchins is compromised by ongoing ocean acidification. The investigators will survey the extent of C. nereostratum bioerosion occurring at 10 sites spanning the western Aleutians, both inside and outside of kelp forests. At each site they will compare these patterns to observed and monitored ecosystem trophic structure and recent C. nereostratum calcification rates. Field observations will be combined with laboratory experiments to determine if it is a decline in the alga's skeletal density (due to recent OA and warming), an increase in grazing intensity (due to recent trophic-level dysfunction), or their interactive effects that are likely responsible for bioerosion patterns inside vs. outside of forests. By sampling C. nereostratum inside and outside of forests, they will determine if kelp forests locally increase pH via photosynthesis, and thus buffer the effects of OA on coralline calcification. The combination of field observations with laboratory controlled experiments, manipulating CO2 and temperature, will help elucidate drivers of calcification and project how these species interactions will likely change in the near future. The project will provide the first in situ example of how ongoing ocean acidification is affecting the physiology of long-lived, carbonate producing organisms in the subarctic North Pacific. It will also be one of the first studies to document whether OA, ocean warming, and food web changes to ecological processes are interacting in complex ways to reshape the outcome of species interactions in nature.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2016-08
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	Ocean Acidification: Century Scale Impacts to Ecosystem Structure and Function of Aleutian Kelp Forests
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	526660
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2013-09
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Southernmost_Northing	double	51.41198
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Characterization of the degree to which sea urchins have excavated (bio-eroded) the calcium carbonate skeleton of Clathromorphum nereostratum, a long-lived reef-building coralline alga that forms the structural base of the kelp forest. Estimates were derived from field measurements, photoquadrat surveys, and collections, all performed via SCUBA.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	time_coverage_end	String	2014-07-21
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	time_coverage_start	String	2014-07-08
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	[Target site benthic survey reef bioerosion - 2014] - Sea urchin bio-erosion of Clathromorphum nereostratum skeleton at central and western Aleutian Islands, Alaska from visual surveys, July 2014 (Ocean Acidification: Century Scale Impacts to Ecosystem Structure and Function of Aleutian Kelp Forests)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Westernmost_Easting	double	-178.68897
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	island		String
attribute	island	bcodmo_name	String	site
attribute	island	description	String	name of island
attribute	island	long_name	String	Island
attribute	island	units	String	unitless
variable	site_name		String
attribute	site_name	bcodmo_name	String	site
attribute	site_name	description	String	identity of site
attribute	site_name	long_name	String	Site Name
attribute	site_name	units	String	unitless
variable	latitude		double
attribute	latitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lat
attribute	latitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	latitude	actual_range	double	51.41198, 52.9306
attribute	latitude	axis	String	Y
attribute	latitude	bcodmo_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	colorBarMaximum	double	90.0
attribute	latitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-90.0
attribute	latitude	description	String	latitude of study site
attribute	latitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	latitude	long_name	String	Latitude
attribute	latitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/
attribute	latitude	standard_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	units	String	degrees_north
variable	longitude		double
attribute	longitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lon
attribute	longitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	longitude	actual_range	double	-178.68897, 179.29806
attribute	longitude	axis	String	X
attribute	longitude	bcodmo_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	colorBarMaximum	double	180.0
attribute	longitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-180.0
attribute	longitude	description	String	longitude of study site
attribute	longitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	longitude	long_name	String	Longitude
attribute	longitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/
attribute	longitude	standard_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	units	String	degrees_east
variable	depth_feet		double
attribute	depth_feet	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	depth_feet	actual_range	double	20.0, 40.0
attribute	depth_feet	bcodmo_name	String	depth
attribute	depth_feet	colorBarMaximum	double	8000.0
attribute	depth_feet	colorBarMinimum	double	-8000.0
attribute	depth_feet	colorBarPalette	String	TopographyDepth
attribute	depth_feet	description	String	depth of benthic survey
attribute	depth_feet	long_name	String	Depth
attribute	depth_feet	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/DEPH/
attribute	depth_feet	standard_name	String	depth
attribute	depth_feet	units	String	feet
variable	habitat_type		String
attribute	habitat_type	bcodmo_name	String	site_descrip
attribute	habitat_type	description	String	phase state of habitat: see Description
attribute	habitat_type	long_name	String	Habitat Type
attribute	habitat_type	units	String	unitless
variable	time		double
attribute	time	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Time
attribute	time	actual_range	double	1.4047776E9, 1.4059008E9
attribute	time	axis	String	T
attribute	time	bcodmo_name	String	date
attribute	time	description	String	calendar date of survey formatted as yyyy-mm-dd
attribute	time	ioos_category	String	Time
attribute	time	long_name	String	Date
attribute	time	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/
attribute	time	source_name	String	date
attribute	time	standard_name	String	time
attribute	time	time_origin	String	01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute	time	time_precision	String	1970-01-01
attribute	time	units	String	seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable	replicate		byte
attribute	replicate	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	replicate	actual_range	byte	1, 11
attribute	replicate	bcodmo_name	String	replicate
attribute	replicate	description	String	replicate 0.25-m^2 quadrat identifier
attribute	replicate	long_name	String	Replicate
attribute	replicate	units	String	unitless
variable	Clathromorphum_cover		byte
attribute	Clathromorphum_cover	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Clathromorphum_cover	actual_range	byte	35, 100
attribute	Clathromorphum_cover	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	Clathromorphum_cover	description	String	abundance of alga in photo
attribute	Clathromorphum_cover	long_name	String	Clathromorphum Cover
attribute	Clathromorphum_cover	units	String	percent
variable	grazed_score		byte
attribute	grazed_score	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	grazed_score	actual_range	byte	1, 6
attribute	grazed_score	bcodmo_name	String	unknown
attribute	grazed_score	description	String	proportion of colony grazed: percent cover per colony estimated using a score of 1-6 where 1 = 0-5%; 2 = 6-25%; 3 = 26-50%; 4 = 51-75%; 5 = 76-95%; and 6 = 96-100 % cover grazed.
attribute	grazed_score	long_name	String	Grazed Score
attribute	grazed_score	units	String	unitless
variable	quality_rank		byte
attribute	quality_rank	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	quality_rank	actual_range	byte	1, 3
attribute	quality_rank	bcodmo_name	String	q_flag
attribute	quality_rank	colorBarMaximum	double	150.0
attribute	quality_rank	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	quality_rank	description	String	quality of (confidence in) "grazed.score" measurement: 1 (excellent); 2 (good); or 3 (poor)
attribute	quality_rank	long_name	String	Quality Rank
attribute	quality_rank	units	String	unitless
variable	grazed_cover_median		float
attribute	grazed_cover_median	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	grazed_cover_median	actual_range	float	2.5, 98.0
attribute	grazed_cover_median	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	grazed_cover_median	description	String	conversion of "grazed.score" units to % cover (median of range)
attribute	grazed_cover_median	long_name	String	Grazed Cover Median
attribute	grazed_cover_median	units	String	percent
variable	max_depth_grazed_mm		float
attribute	max_depth_grazed_mm	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	max_depth_grazed_mm	actual_range	float	0.15, 10.0
attribute	max_depth_grazed_mm	bcodmo_name	String	depth
attribute	max_depth_grazed_mm	description	String	maximum depth of sea urchin grazing scar on collected sample
attribute	max_depth_grazed_mm	long_name	String	Max Depth Grazed Mm
attribute	max_depth_grazed_mm	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/DEPH/
attribute	max_depth_grazed_mm	units	String	millimeters
variable	pit_volume_cm3		double
attribute	pit_volume_cm3	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	pit_volume_cm3	actual_range	double	0.0, 14519.36
attribute	pit_volume_cm3	bcodmo_name	String	volume
attribute	pit_volume_cm3	description	String	volume of large pit excavated by sea urchins; approximated as the volume of a half cylinder
attribute	pit_volume_cm3	long_name	String	Pit Volume Cm3
attribute	pit_volume_cm3	units	String	centimeters^3

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.