ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_793674

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	FGDC, ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
		data	graph		files	public	[Edmunds et al. 2019b: Sizes of organisms fixed to flume floor] - Sizes of organisms fixed to flume floor from back reef community flume experiments conducted in Moorea, French Polynesia, from Nov 2015 to Nov 2016 (Collaborative Research: Ocean Acidification and Coral Reefs: Scale Dependence and Adaptive Capacity)		I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_793674

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	The following methodology applies to this dataset in addition to other datasets published in Edmunds et al. (2019). Methodology: Overview Back reef communities were assembled in four flumes, with each randomly assigned to pCO2 treatments targeting ambient (400 \u03bcatm), 700 \u03bcatm, 1000 \u03bcatm, and 1300 \u03bcatm pCO2 to approximate atmospheric pCO2 projected for ~ 2140 under representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5, respectively. Treatments were maintained for one year from November 2015, and actual pCO2 treatments differed from target values. Each flume consisted of a working section that was 5.0 m long, 30 cm wide and filled to ~ 30-cm depth with ~ 500 L of seawater that was circulated and refreshed with sand-filtered (pore size ~ 450\u2013550 \u00b5m) seawater from Cook\u2019s Bay (-17.491, -149.826, 14-m depth) at ~ 5 L min-1. Planar growth and community structure were measured because they are used in ecological analyses of coral reefs, and we reasoned they would sharpen the ability to interpret the ecological implications of the physiological impacts of OA on calcification. We anticipated that the community response to OA would include reduced linear extension, impaired planar growth of tissue and skeleton, and increase partial mortality (as in Dove et al. 2013). The mean linear extension expected for the corals in the present study (Porites rus = 15.2 \u00b1 5.7 mm y-1, massive Porites = 10.0 \u00b1 0.6 mm y-1, Montipora = 27.7 + 3.0 mm y-1, and Pocillopora verrucosa = 24.7 \u00b1 2.4 mm y-1 [[https://coraltraits.org/](\\"https://coraltraits.org/\\"), accessed 8 October 2018]) were expected to create annual changes in planar area of 52 cm2 (with mean initial size of 69 cm2), 32 cm2 (with mean initial size of 68 cm2), 106 cm2 (with mean initial size of 70 cm2), and 150 cm2 (with mean initial size of 218 cm2), respectively, in the ambient flume. To evaluate the precision of the photographic method, 10 independent images of mounding and branching corals in the flumes were recorded, and were processed to provide replicate determinations of organism size (i.e., planar area). These images showed that the standard deviations of mean area determinations were 2.3% for massive Porites, and 3.8% for Pocillopora verrucosa). Based on these measures of precision, there would be a 75% chance of detecting annual growth of 0.6 cm2 for massive Porites and 4.8 cm2 for Pocillopora verrucosa, which represent reasonable estimates for the growth of these corals in our flumes. Given effect sizes ranging from 21.1% for Lithophyllum to 10.2% for massive Porites upon exposure to 1067 \u00b5atm pCO2 (Comeau et al. 2014), an effect of pCO2 on growth in the present study would be detectable for Montipora, while smaller effects of pCO2 for other taxa might be prone to Type II errors in detection (i.e., they might not be detected when present). Back reef communities were assembled to correspond to the mean percent cover of the major space holders in this habitat in 2013 (data archived in Edmunds 2015). The Back reef community source was latitude: -17.481, and longitude: -149.836 \u00b1 4 km from this point along the north shore. The communities began with ~ 25% coral cover, with 11% massive Porites spp., 7% Porites rus, 4% Montipora spp., 3% Pocillopora spp., and ~ 7% crustose coralline algae (CCA), consisting of 4% Porolithon onkodes and 3% Lithophyllum kotschyanum. Coral rubble (~ 1-cm diameter) was added to ~ 5% cover, and the remainder of the benthic surface was sand. Analyses of community structure focused on the central, 2.4-m long portion of this community where corals and CCA were secured to a plastic-coated, metal grid (5 \u00d7 5 cm mesh) and represented the \u201cfixed\u201d community. Securing organisms to the grid was critical to reduce parallax errors in photography, to allow the organisms to grow and interact as they extended over the year experiment, and to allow ecologically meaningful analysis of community structure using photographs. The central section of each flume included a 2.4-m long sediment box that extended the width of the flume, and contained 30-cm depth of sediment. The sediment box was flanked by ~ 2.6 m of the fiberglass floor of the flume, along which 0.8 m was occupied by the same benthic community, but with corals and CCA resting on the bottom (i.e., \u201cunfixed\u201d). Members of the fixed community were buoyant weighed at the start and end of the year to measure Net changes in mass (Gnet), but otherwise were left in place. Members of the unfixed community were removed monthly to measure buoyant weight to calculate Gnet (described below). The unfixed portion of the community allowed monthly resolution of Gnet, but the necessity for removal from (and return to) the flume to measure Gnet resulted in relocation error that negated their use in photographic measurement of community structure. In addition to the coral, sand, CCA, and rubble, the flumes were augmented with holothurians (~ 8-cm long, Holothuria spp.), and macroalgae (Turbinaria ornata and Halimeda minima) to approximate the cover of these algae in the back reef in 2013 (~ 4\u20135%). Corals, CCA, and rubble were collected from ~ 2-m depth in the back reef, and were attached with epoxy (Z-Spar A788) to plastic bases. Sediments were collected in the same location, and were placed into boxes that were buried in situ, flush with the sediment for 3 d to promote stratification, and then installed in each flume. Back reef communities were constructed in the flumes on 12 November 2015, and were maintained under ambient conditions until 17 November 2015, when pCO2 treatments began in three flumes, with levels increased to target values over 24 h. Throughout the experiment, the flumes were cleaned of algal turf that grew on the walls of the flumes as well as exposed plastic and the metal grid on the floor of the flume. Turfs were not removed from natural surfaces (i.e., coral bases and rubble) with the rationale that they are a normal component of back reef communities. Physical and chemical parameters: Seawater was circulated at ~ 0.1 m s-1 using a pump (W. Lim Wave II 373 J s-1), and flow speeds were measured across the working sections using a Nortek Vectrino Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter. This flow speed was relevant for the back reef of Mo'orea. The flumes were exposed to sunlight that was shaded to a photon flux density (PFD) of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) approximating 2-m depth in the back reef. Light was measured using cosine- corrected sensors (Odyssey, Dataflow Systems Ltd, New Zealand) that were calibrated with a LI-COR meter (LI-1400, Li-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE) attached to a 2\u03c0 sensor (LI 192A). Maximum daily PFD varied by day and season from 364\u20131,831 \u03bcmol quanta m-2 s-1. Temperatures were regulated close to the mean monthly temperature in the back reef that increased from ~ 27.8\u00b0C in December 2015, to ~29.3\u00b0C in April 2016, and back to ~ 27.4 \u00b0C in November 2016. Seawater carbonate chemistry was uncontrolled in one flume (ambient), and in the three others, seawater pH was controlled through the addition of CO2 gas (using solenoids controlled with an Aquacontroller, Neptune Systems, USA) to approximate pCO2 targets. A diurnal upward adjustment of ~ 0.1 pH was applied to the treatments to simulate natural variation in seawater pCO2 in the back reef. The ambient flume also maintained a diurnal variation in pCO2 with a nighttime pH ~ 0.1 lower than daytime. Ambient air was bubbled into all flumes. PAR and temperature (Hobo Pro v2 [\u00b1 0.2\u00b0C], Onset Computer Corp., MA, USA) were recorded, and pH was measured daily (at various times of day) on the total hydrogen ion scale (pHT). Temperature and pH were used to adjust the thermostat and pH-set points close to values that were calculated (using seacarb) to correspond to target treatments of 400 \u00b5atm, 700 \u00b5atm, 1000 \u00b5atm, and 1300 \u00b5atm (~ 8.04, ~7.81, ~7.70 and ~7.65, respectively). Seawater carbonate chemistry (pH and AT) and salinity were measured at 14:00 hrs and 20:00 hrs weekly. A conductivity meter (Thermo Scientific, Orionstar A212, Waltham, MA, USA) was used to measure salinity. The remaining parameters of the seawater carbonate system were calculated from temperature, salinity, pHT, and AT, using the R package seacarb. Calculations were made using the carbonic acid dissociation constants, the KSO4 concentration for the bisulfate ion, and the Kf constant. pHT was measured using a DG 115-SC electrode (Mettler Toledo, Columbus, OH, USA) that was calibrated with a TRIS buffers. AT was measured using open-cell, acidimetric titration (SOP 3b [Dickson et al. 2007]) using certified titrant with a titrator (T50 with a DG 115-SC electrode, Mettler Toledo). The accuracy and precision of measurements were determined using reference materials (from A. Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, CA, USA), against which measured values of AT maintained an accuracy of 1.7 \u00b1 0.3 \u03bcmol kg-1 (n = 15) and precision of 1.8 \u00b1 0.1 \u03bcmol kg-1 (n = 475). Response variables: Net changes in mass (Gnet) of corals and CCA was measured using buoyant weight (\u00b1 1 mg) by month (unfixed) or year (fixed community). Buoyant weight was converted to dry weight of CaCO3 using empirical seawater density (~1.02278 g cm-3) and the density of pure aragonite (2.93 g cm-3, corals) and pure calcite (2.71 g cm-3, CCA). Gnet in each month was expressed as the percentage change in mass relative to the initial mass in November 2015. As the area of tissue changed throughout the experiment through growth and partial mortality, \u201cgrowth\u201d could not be expressed on an area-normalized scale. Community structure was quantified using planar photographs recorded in ambient light using a GoPro Hero 4 camera (12 MP, 3-mm focal length). The camera was moved along the flume to record the community in the working section using ~ 16 frames sampling-1. Photographs were analyzed using ImageJ software, in which the planar area of living tissue on corals and CCA was quantified by outlining organisms and scaling the image using the metal grid as a reference. Size (cm2) was expressed as a percentage of the area (240 \u00d7 30 = 7200 cm2) occupied by the fixed members of the community. The summed area of community members was used to determine overall cover of the benthic community, and changes in area were used to quantify growth. Where organisms died, their area was set to zero. See Edmunds et al. (2019) for analyses that used these data.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	536317
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-1415268
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1415268
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	David L. Garrison
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	50534
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	Edmunds et al. 2019b: Sizes of organisms fixed to flume floor PI: Peter J. Edmunds Data Version 1: 2020-02-18
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	dataset_current_state	String	Final and no updates
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2020-02-18T20:17:27Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2020-02-26T16:23:14Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&time<now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.793674.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/793674
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_acronym	String	camera
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid	String	793681
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_description	String	All types of photographic equipment including stills, video, film and digital systems.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/311/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_name	String	Camera
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_nid	String	520
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, data, dataset, dmo, erddap, final, flume, ID_number, initial, management, number, oceanography, office, preliminary, species
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/793674/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/793674
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'793674': {}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/793674/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	California State University Northridge
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation_acronym	String	CSU-Northridge
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Peter J. Edmunds
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	51536
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	California State University Northridge
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	CSU-Northridge
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Steve Doo
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	748154
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	California State University Northridge
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation_acronym	String	CSU-Northridge
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Robert Carpenter
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	51535
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	Contact
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_name	String	Amber D. York
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_nid	String	643627
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	OA coral adaptation
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	OA coral adaptation
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	Extracted from the NSF award abstract: This project focuses on the most serious threat to marine ecosystems, Ocean Acidification (OA), and addresses the problem in the most diverse and beautiful ecosystem on the planet, coral reefs. The research utilizes Moorea, French Polynesia as a model system, and builds from the NSF investment in the Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research Site (LTER) to exploit physical and biological monitoring of coral reefs as a context for a program of studies focused on the ways in which OA will affect corals, calcified algae, and coral reef ecosystems. The project builds on a four-year NSF award with research in five new directions: (1) experiments of year-long duration, (2) studies of coral reefs to 20-m depth, (3) experiments in which carbon dioxide will be administered to plots of coral reef underwater, (4) measurements of the capacity of coral reef organisms to change through evolutionary and induced responses to improve their resistance to OA, and (5) application of emerging theories to couple studies of individual organisms to studies of whole coral reefs. Broader impacts will accrue through a better understanding of the ways in which OA will affect coral reefs that are the poster child for demonstrating climate change effects in the marine environment, and which provide income, food, and coastal protection to millions of people living in coastal areas, including in the United States.  This project focuses on the effects of Ocean Acidification on tropical coral reefs and builds on a program of research results from an existing 4-year award, and closely interfaces with the technical, hardware, and information infrastructure provided through the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER. The MCR-LTER, provides an unparalleled opportunity to partner with a study of OA effects on a coral reef with a location that arguably is better instrumented and studied in more ecological detail than any other coral reef in the world. Therefore, the results can be both contextualized by a high degree of ecological and physical relevance, and readily integrated into emerging theory seeking to predict the structure and function of coral reefs in warmer and more acidic future oceans. The existing award has involved a program of study in Moorea that has focused mostly on short-term organismic and ecological responses of corals and calcified algae, experiments conducted in mesocosms and flumes, and measurements of reef-scale calcification. This new award involves three new technical advances: for the first time, experiments will be conducted of year-long duration in replicate outdoor flumes; CO2 treatments will be administered to fully intact reef ecosystems in situ using replicated underwater flumes; and replicated common garden cultivation techniques will be used to explore within-species genetic variation in the response to OA conditions. Together, these tools will be used to support research on corals and calcified algae in three thematic areas: (1) tests for long-term (1 year) effects of OA on growth, performance, and fitness, (2) tests for depth-dependent effects of OA on reef communities at 20-m depth where light regimes are attenuated compared to shallow water, and (3) tests for beneficial responses to OA through intrinsic, within-species genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity. Some of the key experiments in these thematic areas will be designed to exploit integral projection models (IPMs) to couple organism with community responses, and to support the use of the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) to address scale-dependence of OA effects on coral reef organisms and the function of the communities they build. The following publications and data resulted from this project: Comeau S, Carpenter RC, Lantz CA, Edmunds PJ. (2016) Parameterization of the response of calcification to temperature and pCO2 in the coral Acropora pulchra and the alga Lithophyllum kotschyanum. Coral Reefs 2016. DOI 10.1007/s00338-016-1425-0.calcification rates (2014)calcification rates (2010) Comeau, S., Carpenter, R.C., Edmunds, P.J.  (2016) Effects of pCO2 on photosynthesis and respiration of tropical scleractinian corals and calcified algae. ICES Journal of Marine Science doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsv267.respiration and photosynthesis Irespiration and photosynthesis II Evensen, N.R. & Edmunds P. J. (2016) Interactive effects of ocean acidification and neighboring corals on the growth of Pocillopora verrucosa. Marine Biology, 163:148. doi: 10.1007/s00227-016-2921-zcoral growthseawater chemistrycoral colony interactions
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2018-12
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	Moorea, French Polynesia
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	Collaborative Research: Ocean Acidification and Coral Reefs: Scale Dependence and Adaptive Capacity
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	535322
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_website	String	http://mcr.lternet.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2015-01
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	These data describe the fauna that was secured to a metal grid in the bottom of the flume. These data are results of an experiment incubating a back reef community from Moorea, French Polynesia, for one year at high pCO2 (published in Edmunds et al. 2019) from Nov of 2015 to Nov of 2016.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	[Edmunds et al. 2019b: Sizes of organisms fixed to flume floor] - Sizes of organisms fixed to flume floor from back reef community flume experiments conducted in Moorea, French Polynesia, from Nov 2015 to Nov 2016 (Collaborative Research: Ocean Acidification and Coral Reefs: Scale Dependence and Adaptive Capacity)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.5
variable	Flume		byte
attribute	Flume	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Flume	actual_range	byte	1, 4
attribute	Flume	bcodmo_name	String	tank
attribute	Flume	description	String	Flume number (1 = 1400 µatm. 2 = 700 µatm, 3 = 400 µatm, 4 = 1000 µatm)
attribute	Flume	long_name	String	Flume
attribute	Flume	units	String	unitless
variable	ID_number		short
attribute	ID_number	_FillValue	short	32767
attribute	ID_number	actual_range	short	101, 477
attribute	ID_number	bcodmo_name	String	sample
attribute	ID_number	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	ID_number	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	ID_number	description	String	Unique organism ID number
attribute	ID_number	long_name	String	ID Number
attribute	ID_number	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/
attribute	ID_number	units	String	unitless
variable	Species		String
attribute	Species	bcodmo_name	String	taxon
attribute	Species	description	String	Organism identification (Scientific name or Genus)
attribute	Species	long_name	String	Species
attribute	Species	units	String	unitless
variable	Initial		float
attribute	Initial	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Initial	actual_range	float	57.8, 1115.8
attribute	Initial	bcodmo_name	String	mass
attribute	Initial	description	String	Initial mass of corals as dry weight calculated from bouyant weight in month 0 (Nov 2015)
attribute	Initial	long_name	String	Initial
attribute	Initial	units	String	grams (g)
variable	Final		float
attribute	Final	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Final	actual_range	float	58.8, 1161.7
attribute	Final	bcodmo_name	String	mass
attribute	Final	description	String	Final mass of corals and algae as dry weight calculated from bouyant weight in month 12 (Nov 2016)
attribute	Final	long_name	String	Final
attribute	Final	units	String	grams (g)

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.