ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_806471

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
		data	graph		files	public	234Th flux in epipelagic waters at Station ALOHA and the Equatorial Pacific from R/V Kilo Moana cruises KM1407, KM1418, & KM1515 during 2014-2015		I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_806471

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	Total \u00b2\u00b3\u2074Th was measured in samples of seawater collected at discrete depths using Niskin bottles as described in Umhau et al. (2019). Briefly, 2 L of seawater was collected at each selected depth. Samples were spiked with \u00b2\u00b3\u2070Th as a yield tracer and acidified to pH ~ 1 using concentrated nitric acid. After equilibration, ~ 6 hours later, KMnO\u2084 and MnCl\u2082 were added and the pH adjusted to ~ 9 with concentrated NH\u2084OH in order to co-precipitate Th via the formation of MnO\u2082. After eight hours, total \u00b2\u00b3\u2074Th samples were filtered onto 25 mm QMA filters, air dried, and frozen. The \u00b2\u00b3\u2074Th flux (dpm m\u207b\u00b2 d\u207b\u00b9) was calculated from the \u00b2\u00b3\u2074Th:\u00b2\u00b3\u2078U disequilibrium and assuming a steady state (Umhau et al. 2019). The \u00b2\u00b3\u2074Th flux at each depth was obtained by integrating the flux for the overlying depths using trapezoidal integration. Thorium counts were made using a low level RISO beta counter within 2 weeks of sample collection.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	537122
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-1333734
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1333734
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	David L. Garrison
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	50534
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_award_nid	String	560590
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_award_number	String	OCE-1433846
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1433846
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_program_manager	String	Donald L. Rice
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_1_program_manager_nid	String	51467
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	234Th Flux PI: Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson (University of South Carolina) Co-PIs: Brain N. Popp & Jeffrey C. Drazen (Univeristy of Hawaii) Version date: 19-March-2020
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2020-03-19T14:25:49Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2020-03-31T21:12:48Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&time<now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.806471.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Easternmost_Easting	double	-155.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_max	double	22.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_min	double	5.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_units	String	degrees_north
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_max	double	-155.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_min	double	-158.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_units	String	degrees_east
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_max	double	200.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_min	double	5.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_positive	String	down
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_units	String	m
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/806471
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_acronym	String	Niskin bottle
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description	String	Total 234Th was measured in samples of seawater collected at discrete depths using Niskin bottles.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid	String	806480
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_description	String	A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24 or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_name	String	Niskin bottle
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_nid	String	413
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_supplied_name	String	Niskin bottles
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_acronym	String	Riso Beta Counter
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_dataset_instrument_description	String	Thorium counts were made using a low level RISO beta counter within 2 weeks of sample collection.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid	String	806481
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_description	String	Low-level beta detectors manufactured by Riso (now Nutech) in Denmark. These instruments accept samples that can be mounted on a 25mm filter holder. These detectors have very low backgrounds, 0.17 counts per minute, and can have counting efficiencies as high as 55%. See: http://cafethorium.whoi.edu/website/about/services_radioanalytical_facility_equip.html and http://www.nutech.dtu.dk/Produkter/Dosimetri/NUK_instruments/GM_multicounter.aspx
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_name	String	Riso Laboratory Anti-coincidence Beta Counters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_nid	String	687
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_supplied_name	String	RISO beta counter
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	bco, bco-dmo, biological, chemical, cruise, data, dataset, date, Date_final, depth, dmo, erddap, error, final, flux, initial, latitude, longitude, management, oceanography, office, preliminary, season, site, Th_flux, Th_flux_error, time
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/806471/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/806471
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Northernmost_Northing	double	22.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'806471': {'Latitude': 'flag - latitude', 'Depth': 'flag - depth', 'Longitude': 'flag - longitude'}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/806471/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	University of South Carolina
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	51092
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	University of Hawaii at Manoa
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	SOEST
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Jeffrey C. Drazen
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	491313
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	University of Hawaii at Manoa
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation_acronym	String	SOEST
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Brian N. Popp
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	51093
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_name	String	Shannon Rauch
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_nid	String	51498
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	SuspendSinkPart,Hg_Biogeochemistry
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	SuspendSinkPart
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	Description from NSF award abstract: The ocean's midwaters are the largest living space on the planet. The mesopelagic food web plays key roles in the biological carbon pump and the production of food for commercially harvested species, but its functioning is understudied because it is remote and technologically challenging to sample. Recent estimates indicate respiratory demand outstrips measured sinking particle supply by up to 2-3 orders of magnitude suggesting that some food inputs to the mesopelagic food web have been underestimated or missed. Suspended particles frequently are not sampled effectively and may be an overlooked food source. Because identifying the principal inputs of organic matter to the deep-sea food web is critical to understanding its function, the investigators propose to evaluate the relative importance of suspended and sinking particles to the meso- and bathypelagic food web in the central North Pacific. They will characterize the isotopic compositions of specific groups of mesopelagic and bathypelagic zooplankton and micronekton, and identify the extent to which they consume suspended or sinking particles using mass balance approaches. The investigators recently have recognized differences in delta 15N and delta 13C values of amino acids (AA) of sinking and suspended particles; these patterns diverge with depth, providing a means to distinguish between food web pathways. The research will define the source-specific isotopic values of suspended and sinking particles at several depths from the surface to the bathypelagic and test proposed microbial mechanisms driving these depth patterns. At corresponding depths, MOCNESS trawls will sample diverse metazoa: zooplankton size fractions, plus targeted resident, migrating and likely suspension-feeding taxa of zooplankton and micronekton. Preliminary data suggest that suspended particles are a secondary food source, containing less labile organic matter than sinking particles that exhibit a seasonal cycle in flux in the central North Pacific. This study will determine if suspended particles become more important to zooplankton and micronekton during a time of year when sinking particle flux is low (Jan/Feb) in comparison to when it is high (Aug), allowing an evaluation of how temporal change in surface ocean productivity affects the functioning of mesopelagic food webs. Recent research has called for additional study of the ocean's deep midwaters. This study will provide new insights into the functioning of the meso- and bathypelagic food web and its coupling with surface ocean processes in the central North Pacific. The recently-demonstrated ecological tool of amino acid-specific isotopic analysis will provide a novel and comprehensive approach with which to address our hypotheses, and the project will develop the first AA isotopic dataset spanning particles to fish. Results will help identify the ecological underpinnings of increasing delta 15N values with depth in zooplankton -- apparently a common pattern. Zooplankton consumption of suspended particles also could constitute a mechanistic link between the microbial loop and higher trophic levels. The processes controlling the enormous attenuation of particle flux by mesopelagic consumers -- and thereby the strength of carbon sequestration to the deep ocean -- are not understood. Seasonal sampling will help us relate mesopelagic food web processes to changes in surface ocean productivity, furthering our understanding of future climate change impacts on deep-sea food webs and carbon flux. With regard to fisheries, many oceanic top predators such as tuna and swordfish feed on mesopelagic micronekton. A clearer understanding of the structure of mesopelagic food webs will help inform ecosystem models which are used to understand variation in fisheries production.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2016-12
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	Subtropical waters north of Hawaii; Station Aloha (22° 45'N, 158° 00'W)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	Evaluating the relative importance of suspended and sinking particles to the meso and bathypelagic food web in the central North Pacific
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	537123
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2014-01
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_1_acronym	String	Hg_Biogeochemistry
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_1_description	String	NSF award abstract: Mercury is a pervasive trace element that exists in several states in the marine environment, including monomethylmercury (MMHg), a neurotoxin that bioaccumulates in marine organisms and poses a human health threat. Understanding the fate of mercury in the ocean and resulting impacts on ocean food webs requires understanding the mechanisms controlling the depths at which mercury chemical transformations occur. Preliminary mercury analyses on nine species of marine fish from the North Pacific Ocean indicated that intermediate waters are an important entry point for MMHg into open ocean food webs. To elucidate the process controlling this, researchers will examine mercury dynamics in regions with differing vertical dissolved oxygen profiles, which should influence depths of mercury transformation. Results of the study will aid in a better understanding of the pathways by which mercury enters the marine food chain and can ultimately impact humans. This project will provide training for graduate and undergraduate students, and spread awareness on oceanic mercury through public outreach and informal science programs. Mercury isotopic variations can provide insight into a wide variety of environmental processes. Isotopic compositions of mercury display mass-dependent fractionation (MDF) during most biotic and abiotic chemical reactions and mass-independent fractionation (MIF) during photochemical radical pair reactions. The unusual combination of MDF and MIF can provide information on reaction pathways and the biogeochemical history of mercury. Results from preliminary research provide strong evidence that net MMHg formation occurred below the surface mixed layer in the pycnocline and suggested that MMHg in low oxygen intermediate waters is an important entry point for mercury into open ocean food webs. These findings highlight the critical need to understand how MMHg levels in marine biota will respond to changes in atmospheric mercury emissions, deposition of inorganic mercury to the surface ocean, and hypothesized future expansion of oxygen minimum zones. Using field collections across ecosystems with contrasting biogeochemistry and mercury isotope fractionation experiments researchers will fill key knowledge gaps in mercury biogeochemistry. Results of the proposed research will enable scientists to assess the biogeochemical controls on where in the water column mercury methylation and demethylation likely occur. Related background publication with supplemental data section: Joel D. Blum, Brian N. Popp, Jeffrey C. Drazen, C. Anela Choy & Marcus W. Johnson. 2013. Methylmercury production below the mixed layer in the North Pacific Ocean. Nature Geoscience 6, 879–884. doi:10.1038/ngeo1918
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_1_end_date	String	2017-07
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_1_geolocation	String	Pacific Subtropical Gyre, Station ALOHA 22.75N 158W; equatorial Pacific (10N 155W, 5N 155W)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_1_name	String	Collaborative Research: Isotopic insights to mercury in marine food webs and how it varies with ocean biogeochemistry
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_1_project_nid	String	560580
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_1_start_date	String	2014-08
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Southernmost_Northing	double	5.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	234Th flux in epipelagic waters at Station ALOHA and the Equatorial Pacific from R/V Kilo Moana cruises KM1407, KM1418, & KM1515 during 2014-2015.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	234Th flux in epipelagic waters at Station ALOHA and the Equatorial Pacific from R/V Kilo Moana cruises KM1407, KM1418, & KM1515 during 2014-2015
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Westernmost_Easting	double	-158.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3
variable	Cruise		String
attribute	Cruise	bcodmo_name	String	cruise_id
attribute	Cruise	description	String	Cruise identifier
attribute	Cruise	long_name	String	Cruise
attribute	Cruise	units	String	unitless
variable	Date_initial		String
attribute	Date_initial	bcodmo_name	String	date
attribute	Date_initial	description	String	Sampling initial date (UTC); format: yyyy-mm-dd
attribute	Date_initial	long_name	String	Date Initial
attribute	Date_initial	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/
attribute	Date_initial	source_name	String	Date_initial
attribute	Date_initial	time_precision	String	1970-01-01
attribute	Date_initial	units	String	unitless
variable	Date_final		String
attribute	Date_final	bcodmo_name	String	date
attribute	Date_final	description	String	Sampling final date (UTC); format: yyyy-mm-dd
attribute	Date_final	long_name	String	Date Final
attribute	Date_final	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/
attribute	Date_final	time_precision	String	1970-01-01
attribute	Date_final	units	String	unitless
variable	Site		String
attribute	Site	bcodmo_name	String	site
attribute	Site	description	String	Site identifier
attribute	Site	long_name	String	Site
attribute	Site	units	String	unitless
variable	latitude		double
attribute	latitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lat
attribute	latitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	latitude	actual_range	double	5.0, 22.0
attribute	latitude	axis	String	Y
attribute	latitude	bcodmo_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	colorBarMaximum	double	90.0
attribute	latitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-90.0
attribute	latitude	description	String	Latitude
attribute	latitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	latitude	long_name	String	Latitude
attribute	latitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/
attribute	latitude	standard_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	units	String	degrees_north
variable	longitude		double
attribute	longitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lon
attribute	longitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	longitude	actual_range	double	-158.0, -155.0
attribute	longitude	axis	String	X
attribute	longitude	bcodmo_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	colorBarMaximum	double	180.0
attribute	longitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-180.0
attribute	longitude	description	String	Longitude
attribute	longitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	longitude	long_name	String	Longitude
attribute	longitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/
attribute	longitude	standard_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	units	String	degrees_east
variable	Season		String
attribute	Season	bcodmo_name	String	season
attribute	Season	description	String	Season
attribute	Season	long_name	String	Season
attribute	Season	units	String	unitless
variable	depth		double
attribute	depth	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Height
attribute	depth	_CoordinateZisPositive	String	down
attribute	depth	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	depth	actual_range	double	5.0, 200.0
attribute	depth	axis	String	Z
attribute	depth	bcodmo_name	String	depth
attribute	depth	colorBarMaximum	double	8000.0
attribute	depth	colorBarMinimum	double	-8000.0
attribute	depth	colorBarPalette	String	TopographyDepth
attribute	depth	description	String	Sampling depth
attribute	depth	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	depth	long_name	String	Depth
attribute	depth	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/DEPH/
attribute	depth	positive	String	down
attribute	depth	standard_name	String	depth
attribute	depth	units	String	m
variable	Th_flux		String
attribute	Th_flux	bcodmo_name	String	thorium-234
attribute	Th_flux	description	String	Integrated 234Th flux; BD = below detection
attribute	Th_flux	long_name	String	Th Flux
attribute	Th_flux	units	String	dpm m-2 d-1
variable	Th_flux_error		short
attribute	Th_flux_error	_FillValue	short	32767
attribute	Th_flux_error	actual_range	short	6, 187
attribute	Th_flux_error	bcodmo_name	String	thorium-234
attribute	Th_flux_error	colorBarMaximum	double	50.0
attribute	Th_flux_error	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	Th_flux_error	description	String	Integrated 234Th flux error
attribute	Th_flux_error	long_name	String	Th Flux Error
attribute	Th_flux_error	units	String	dpm m-2 d-1

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.