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     data   graph     files  public [Field domoic acid and copepods] - Domoic acid assimilation in copepods by consuming organic
polymers and Pseudo-nitzschia from experiments conducted using water samples collected in
northern Gulf of Mexico in 2017 and 2018. (The biotic and abiotic controls on the Silicon
cycle in the northern Gulf of Mexico)
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The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL access_formats String .htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson,.odvTxt
attribute NC_GLOBAL acquisition_description String Location

Water collection sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico, particularly at the
mouth of Mobile Bay and Little Lagoon, AL.

Water Collection

Briefly, water was collected from the field using a 5-gallon bucket, pre-
screened with a 200 \u00b5m nitex mesh, and gently poured into 10-20 L carboys
and kept in the dark until returning to the laboratory for same-day
processing.

Terminology

dDA \u2013 dissolved Domoic Acid
pDAa \u2013 particulate Domoic Acid (algal fraction)
pDAOP \u2013 particulate Domoic Acid (bound to organic polymers)
cDA \u2013 Domoic Acid in copepods
POC \u2013 Particulate Organic Carbon

Field-simulation experiments

Field water used for grazing experiments was collected during spring and
summer (2017, 2018) from designated monitoring sites at Little Lagoon (Gulf
Shores, Alabama, USA). The water was prefiltered with a 200 \u00b5m mesh,
gently poured into carboys, and kept in the dark until the start of the
laboratory experiment. Laboratory-reared adult Acartia tonsa, with no prior
exposure to DA, were provided by the University of Southern Mississippi Gulf
Coast Research Laboratory\u2019s Thad Cochran Marine Aquaculture Center and
starved for 24 hours prior to experiment initiation.

Initial samples for Pseudo-nitzschia abundance and DA were collected. For cell
abundance, 50 mL of seawater was preserved with 2 mL of Bouin\u2019s solution
and stored at 4\u00b0C. A Sedgewick rafter slide was used to count cells in a
1 mL subsample. DA was measured in two forms, dDA and pDA. Seawater was
filtered using a 25 mm glass fiber filter and 30 mL of filtrate was collected
in a polypropylene conical tube and stored at -20\u00b0C for later analysis of
dDA. pDA was sampled by filtering 100 mL of seawater under low vacuum through
a 25 mm glass fiber filter and stored in a cryovial at -20\u00b0C.

The experimental design consisted of four treatments, each containing
triplicate 1-L polycarbonate bottles. Two treatments contained seawater
filtered through a 0.2 \u00b5m polycap filter (as described above); these
treatments tested whether copepods could assimilate dDA through the proposed
organic polymer-bound pathway. The remaining treatments contained seawater
with a natural phytoplankton community that was concentrated by a factor of
three, using a 20 \u00b5m mesh. After the bottles were filled with the
appropriate water, 30 copepods were added to the necessary treatments and the
experiments started. After 24 hours the copepods were collected on a 200
\u00b5m screen, gently rinsed with filtered seawater, placed in fresh filtered
artificial seawater, and allowed to evacuate their guts for ~1 hour.
Afterwards, copepods were once again screened and rinsed three times, and then
stored in a cryovial at -20\u00b0C until analysis.

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for domoic acid quantification

LC-MS sample preparation followed was modified from Wang et al. (2012) for the
determination of dDA, pDA, pDAOP and cDA. The samples for DA determination
were cleaned and concentrated using Bond Elut LRC - C18, 200 mg, solid-phase
extraction (SPE) columns from Agilent Technologies. For dDA, 30 mL seawater
samples were filtered using a 47 mm glass fiber filter; the filtrate was
collected and acidified with formic acid to yield a 0.2% final solution. SPE
columns were conditioned with one column volume of HPLC-grade methanol
followed by one column volume of HPLC-grade water. Samples were then loaded on
the SPE column and filtered at ~1 mL min-1 using a vacuum manifold, followed
by 10 mL of 0.2% formic acid as a rinse for the sample tube and SPE column.
The SPE column was then allowed to go dry and was eluted with 1.5 mL of 20 mM
ammonium acetate in 50% methanol (pH 8) and collected in a glass tube. The
tubes were centrifuged for 5 minutes at ~1300 x g, supernatant was transferred
into an LC vial with a Pasteur pipette, and stored at 4\u00b0C until further
analysis. For pDAa 100 mL of seawater were filtered through a 5 \u00b5m
polycarbonate filter and stored in a 50 mL polypropylene tube at -20\u00b0C.
Similarly, for pDAOP 150 mL of seawater was filtered through a pre-combusted
25 mm glass-fiber filter and stored at -20\u00b0C. Prior to concentration and
clean-up for pDA, pDAOP, and cDA, the filters were submerged in 2 mL of 80%
methanol and sonicated to ensure cells and copepods were lysed. Sonication
pulses were done for a total of 45 seconds (5 seconds on/off) on a Sonics
Materials Ultrasonic Processor (model - VCX 130) at 75% power. Subsequent
clean-up using the SPE column is the same as for the dDA samples.

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) \u2013 tandem mass
spectrometry (MS) system was used for the quantification of DA.The LC-MS
system consisted of Acquity UPLC system (Waters, Milford, MA) coupled to a
5500 QTRAP triple quadrupole / linear ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with
a TurboIonSpray interface (Sciex, Foster City, CA, USA). The analytes were
separated on a Luna C18 (2), 2.0 x 100 mm column (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA,
USA) with column temperature held at 40\u00baC. The mobile phase was water (A)
and 95% aqueous acetonitrile (B) with 0.1% formic acid additive and the flow
rate was 0.4 ml/min. Gradient program was: 5% B for 3 min, linear gradient to
60% B at 10 min, 95% B at 10.1 min, hold at 95% B for 2 min. MS was operated
in positive ion mode. Ion spray voltage was 5 kV and declustering potential
was 80 V. Gas parameter settings were: nebulizer gas, 50 psi; turbo gas, 50
psi at 500\u00baC; curtain gas, 20 psi; and collision gas, medium setting. The
collision energy applied was 25eV. The transitions used for selected reaction
monitoring were m/z 312\u2192266, 193, 220. The transition m/z 312\u2192266
was used for quantitation.

For organic polymer formation and sorption of DA results and methodology see
[https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/808280](\\"https://www.bco-
dmo.org/dataset/808280\\").
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_nid String 712666
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_award_number String OCE-1558957
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_data_url String http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1558957 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funder_name String NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_acronym String NSF OCE
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_funding_source_nid String 355
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager String Dr Simone Metz
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_0_program_manager_nid String 51479
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_award_nid String 808394
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_award_number String 5U19FD005923-04
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_data_url String https://federalreporter.nih.gov/Projects/Details/?projectId=1156385 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_funder_name String U.S. Food and Drug Administration
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_funding_acronym String FDA
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_funding_source_nid String 808392
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_program_manager String William Burkhardt
attribute NC_GLOBAL awards_1_program_manager_nid String 808393
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String Field DA P.nitz
PI: Jeffrey W Krause
Data Version 1: 2020-06-24
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String info at bco-dmo.org
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://www.bco-dmo.org/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL data_source String extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute NC_GLOBAL dataset_current_state String Final and no updates
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2020-04-07T15:26:37Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_modified String 2020-07-14T18:51:33Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String &time<now
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String 10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.808413.1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Easternmost_Easting double -87.554261
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_max double 30.278166
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_min double 30.234973
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degrees_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_max double -87.554261
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_min double -87.809526
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degrees_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/808413 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_acronym String Mass Spec
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description String Acquity UPLC system (Waters, Milford, MA) coupled to a 5500 QTRAP triple quadrupole / linear ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with a TurboIonSpray interface (Sciex, Foster City, CA, USA).
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid String 808422
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_description String General term for instruments used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions; generally used to find the composition of a sample by generating a mass spectrum representing the masses of sample components.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_name String Mass Spectrometer
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_instrument_nid String 685
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_0_supplied_name String Acquity UPLC system coupled to a 5500 QTRAP
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_acronym String Homogenizer
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid String 808421
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_description String A homogenizer is a piece of laboratory equipment used for the homogenization of various types of material, such as tissue, plant, food, soil, and many others.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_instrument_name String Homogenizer
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_instrument_nid String 522984
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_1_supplied_name String Sonics Materials Ultrasonic Processor (model - VCX 130)
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_acronym String Costech ECS 4010
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_dataset_instrument_nid String 808423
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_description String The ECS 4010 Nitrogen / Protein Analyzer is an elemental combustion analyser for CHNSO elemental analysis and Nitrogen / Protein determination. The GC oven and separation column have a temperature range of 30-110 degC, with control of +/- 0.1 degC.
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_instrument_name String Costech International Elemental Combustion System (ECS) 4010
attribute NC_GLOBAL instruments_2_instrument_nid String 793023
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String bco, bco-dmo, biological, bottle, cell, Cell_tox, chemical, conc, cop, DA_cop_indiv, daa, data, dataset, date, dDA_conc, density, dmo, erddap, experiment, indiv, iso, latitude, longitude, management, oceanography, office, pDAa_conc, pnitz, Pnitz_density, preliminary, replicate, Replicate_bottle, time, time2, tox, treatment
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/808413/license (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL metadata_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/808413 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Northernmost_Northing double 30.278166
attribute NC_GLOBAL param_mapping String {'808413': {'Latitude_N': 'master - latitude', 'Longitude_W': 'master - longitude', 'ISO_DateTime_UTC': 'master - time'}}
attribute NC_GLOBAL parameter_source String https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/808413/parameters (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation String Dauphin Island Sea Lab
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_affiliation_acronym String DISL
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_name String Jeffrey W Krause
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_person_nid String 544582
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role String Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_0_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation String Louisiana State University
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_affiliation_acronym String LSU
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_name String Kanchan Maiti
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_person_nid String 712671
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role String Co-Principal Investigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_1_role_type String originator
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation String Dauphin Island Sea Lab
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_affiliation_acronym String DISL
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_name String Israel A. Marquez Jr.
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_person_nid String 808389
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role String Contact
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_2_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation String Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_affiliation_acronym String WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_name String Amber D. York
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_person_nid String 643627
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role String BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute NC_GLOBAL people_3_role_type String related
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String CLASiC
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_acronym String CLASiC
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_description String NSF Award Abstract:
The Louisiana Shelf system in the northern Gulf of Mexico is fed by the Mississippi River and its many tributaries which contribute large quantities of nutrients from agricultural fertilizer to the region. Input of these nutrients, especially nitrogen, has led to eutrophication. Eutrophication is the process wherein a body of water such as the Louisiana Shelf becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients that increase phytoplankton growth which eventually leads to decreased oxygen levels in bottom waters. This has certainly been observed in this area, and diatoms, a phytoplankton which represents the base of the food chain, have shown variable silicon/nitrogen (Si/N) ratios. Because diatoms create their shells from silicon, their growth is controlled not only by nitrogen inputs but the availability of silicon. Lower Si/N ratios are showing that silicon may be playing an increasingly important role in regulating diatom production in the system. For this reason, a scientist from the University of South Alabama will determine the biogeochemical processes controlling changes in Si/N ratios in the Louisiana Shelf system. One graduate student on their way to a doctorate degree and three undergraduate students will be supported and trained as part of this project. Also, four scholarships for low-income, high school students from Title 1 schools will get to participate in a month-long summer Marine Science course at the Dauphin Island Sea Laboratory and be included in the research project. The study has significant societal benefits given this is an area where $2.4 trillion gross domestic product revenue is tied up in coastal resources. Since diatoms are at the base of the food chain that is the biotic control on said coastal resources, the growth of diatoms in response to eutrophication is important to study.
Eutrophication of the Mississippi River and its tributaries has the potential to alter the biological landscape of the Louisiana Shelf system in the northern Gulf of Mexico by influencing the Si/N ratios below those that are optimal for diatom growth. A scientist from the University of South Alabama believes the observed changes in the Si/N ratio may indicate silicon now plays an important role in regulating diatom production in the system. As such, understanding the biotic and abiotic processes controlling the silicon cycle is crucial because diatoms dominate at the base of the food chain in this highly productive region. The study will focus on following issues: (1) the importance of recycled silicon sources on diatom production; (2) can heavily-silicified diatoms adapt to changing Si/N ratios more effectively than lightly-silicified diatoms; and (3) the role of reverse weathering in sequestering silicon thereby reducing diffusive pore-water transport. To attain these goals, a new analytical approach, the PDMPO method (compound 2-(4-pyridyl)-5-((4-(2-dimethylaminoethylamino-carbamoyl)methoxy)phenyl)oxazole) that quantitatively measures taxa-specific silica production would be used.
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_end_date String 2019-03
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_geolocation String Northern Gulf of Mexico, specifically the Louisiana Shelf region dominated by the discharge of the Mississippi River on the western side of the delta
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_name String The biotic and abiotic controls on the Silicon cycle in the northern Gulf of Mexico
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_project_nid String 712667
attribute NC_GLOBAL projects_0_start_date String 2016-04
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String institution
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Southernmost_Northing double 30.234973
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Domoic acid assimilation in copepods by consuming organic polymers and Pseudo-nitzschia. Results from experiments designed to investigate the contribution of organic polymers and Pseudo-nitzschia to domoic acid trophic transfer. Water samples were collected in the northern Gulf of Mexico in 2017 and 2018.
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_end String 2018-05-15T09:30Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_start String 2017-07-12T16:00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String [Field domoic acid and copepods] - Domoic acid assimilation in copepods by consuming organic polymers and Pseudo-nitzschia from experiments conducted using water samples collected in northern Gulf of Mexico in 2017 and 2018. (The biotic and abiotic controls on the Silicon cycle in the northern Gulf of Mexico)
attribute NC_GLOBAL version String 1
attribute NC_GLOBAL Westernmost_Easting double -87.809526
attribute NC_GLOBAL xml_source String osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.5
variable time   double  
attribute time _CoordinateAxisType String Time
attribute time actual_range double 1.4998752E9, 1.5263766E9
attribute time axis String T
attribute time bcodmo_name String ISO_DateTime_UTC
attribute time description String Date/Time (UTC) in ISO 8601 format yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MMZ
attribute time ioos_category String Time
attribute time long_name String ISO Date Time UTC
attribute time nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DTUT8601/ (external link)
attribute time source_name String ISO_DateTime_UTC
attribute time standard_name String time
attribute time time_origin String 01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute time time_precision String 1970-01-01T00:00Z
attribute time units String seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable latitude   double  
attribute latitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lat
attribute latitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute latitude actual_range double 30.234973, 30.278166
attribute latitude axis String Y
attribute latitude bcodmo_name String latitude
attribute latitude colorBarMaximum double 90.0
attribute latitude colorBarMinimum double -90.0
attribute latitude description String Latitude in decimal degrees
attribute latitude ioos_category String Location
attribute latitude long_name String Latitude
attribute latitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/ (external link)
attribute latitude source_name String Latitude_N
attribute latitude standard_name String latitude
attribute latitude units String degrees_north
variable longitude   double  
attribute longitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lon
attribute longitude _FillValue double NaN
attribute longitude actual_range double -87.809526, -87.554261
attribute longitude axis String X
attribute longitude bcodmo_name String longitude
attribute longitude colorBarMaximum double 180.0
attribute longitude colorBarMinimum double -180.0
attribute longitude description String Longitude in decimal degrees
attribute longitude ioos_category String Location
attribute longitude long_name String Longitude
attribute longitude nerc_identifier String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/ (external link)
attribute longitude source_name String Longitude_W
attribute longitude standard_name String longitude
attribute longitude units String degrees_east
variable Date   int  
attribute Date _FillValue int 2147483647
attribute Date actual_range int 20170712, 20180515
attribute Date bcodmo_name String date_local
attribute Date description String Local date water was collected in format yyyymmdd
attribute Date long_name String Date
attribute Date units String unitless
variable time2   String  
attribute time2 bcodmo_name String time_local
attribute time2 description String Local time water was collected in format hhmm (24 hr)
attribute time2 long_name String Time
attribute time2 units String unitless
variable Experiment   String  
attribute Experiment bcodmo_name String exp_id
attribute Experiment description String Experiment name
attribute Experiment long_name String Experiment
attribute Experiment units String unitless
variable Treatment   String  
attribute Treatment bcodmo_name String treatment
attribute Treatment description String Treatment name
attribute Treatment long_name String Treatment
attribute Treatment units String unitless
variable Replicate_bottle   String  
attribute Replicate_bottle bcodmo_name String replicate
attribute Replicate_bottle description String Letters denote a unique bottle that was sampled for each measurement
attribute Replicate_bottle long_name String Replicate Bottle
attribute Replicate_bottle units String unitless
variable dDA_conc   float  
attribute dDA_conc _FillValue float NaN
attribute dDA_conc actual_range float -2.0E-4, 1.2209
attribute dDA_conc bcodmo_name String domoic acid
attribute dDA_conc description String dissolved Domoic Acid in seawater
attribute dDA_conc long_name String D DA Conc
attribute dDA_conc units String micrograms (µg) per liter (L)
variable pDAa_conc   float  
attribute pDAa_conc _FillValue float NaN
attribute pDAa_conc actual_range float -0.035, 149.159
attribute pDAa_conc bcodmo_name String domoic acid
attribute pDAa_conc description String particulate Domoic Acid particles (> 5 um) in seawater
attribute pDAa_conc long_name String P DAa Conc
attribute pDAa_conc units String nanograms (ng) per liter (L)
variable Cell_tox   float  
attribute Cell_tox _FillValue float NaN
attribute Cell_tox actual_range float 0.0, 0.879
attribute Cell_tox bcodmo_name String domoic acid
attribute Cell_tox description String Cell toxicity, domoic acid normalized per Pseudo-nitzschia cell
attribute Cell_tox long_name String Cell Tox
attribute Cell_tox units String picograms (pg) per cell
variable Pnitz_density   int  
attribute Pnitz_density _FillValue int 2147483647
attribute Pnitz_density actual_range int 0, 513333
attribute Pnitz_density bcodmo_name String cell_concentration
attribute Pnitz_density description String Pseudo-nitzschia cell concentration
attribute Pnitz_density long_name String Pnitz Density
attribute Pnitz_density units String cells per liter
variable DA_cop_indiv   float  
attribute DA_cop_indiv _FillValue float NaN
attribute DA_cop_indiv actual_range float 0.0, 48.1
attribute DA_cop_indiv bcodmo_name String domoic acid
attribute DA_cop_indiv description String Total Domoic Acid in copepods normalized per individual
attribute DA_cop_indiv long_name String DA Cop Indiv
attribute DA_cop_indiv units String picograms (pg) per copepod

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.


 
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