ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_813379

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	FGDC, ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
		data	graph		files	public	[NBP1702 Dissolved Th and Pa] - Depth profiles of seawater dissolved 232Th, 230Th, and 231Pa from RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP1702 from January to March 2017 (Water Mass Structure and Bottom Water Formation in the Ice-age Southern Ocean)		F   I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_813379

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson,.odvTxt
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	Dissolved data: Water samples were collected with a Sea-Bird Electronics CTD carousel fitted with 24 12-liter PVC Niskin bottles.The carousel was lowered from the ship with steel wire. Niskin bottles were equipped with nylon-coated closure springs and Viton O-rings. After collection seawater was drained with Teflon- lined TygonTM tubing and filtered through Pall AcropakTM 500 filters on deck (gravity filtration, 0.8/0.45 \u03bcm pore size) into Fisher I-Chem series 300 LDPE cubitainers. Approximately 5L was collected per desired depth. Prior to the cruise, the tubing, filters and cubitainers were cleaned by immersion in 1.2 M HCl (Fisher Scientific Trace Metal Grade) for 4-5 days. Once filtered, samples were adjusted to a pH ~2 with ultra-clean 6 M HCl (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade), double-bagged, stored in pallet boxes until the end of the cruise and then at room temperature once shipped to the participating laboratories analysis. Analytical methods for dissolved radionuclides: LDEO: In the on-shore laboratory, seawater samples were weighed to determine sample size, taking into account the weight of the cubitainer and of the acid added at sea. Then weighed aliquots of the artificial isotope yield monitors 229Th (20 pg) and 233Pa (0.5 pg) and 15 mg dissolved Fe were added to each sample. After allowing 1 day for spike equilibration, the pH of each sample was raised to 8.3-8.7 by adding ~12 mL of concentrated NH4OH (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) which caused iron (oxy)hydroxide precipitates to form. Each sample cubitainer was fitted with a nozzle cap, inverted, and the Fe precipitate was allowed to settle for 2 days. After 2 days, the nozzle caps were opened and the pH~8.3-8.7 water was slowly drained, leaving only the iron oxyhydroxide precipitate and 250-500mL of water. The Fe precipitate was transferred to centrifuge tubes for centrifugation and rinsing with Milli-Q H2O (>18 M\u03a9) to remove the major seawater ions. The precipitate was then dissolved in 16 M HNO3 (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) and transferred to a Teflon beaker for a high-temperature (180-200\u00b0C) digestion with HClO4 and HF (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) on a hotplate in a HEPA-filtered laminar flow hood. After total dissolution of the sample, another precipitation of iron (oxy)hydroxide followed and the precipitate was washed with Mill-Q H2O, centrifuged, and dissolved in 12 M HCl for a series of anion-exchange chromatography using 6 mL polypropylene columns each containing a 1 mL bed of Bio-rad resin (AG1-X8, 100-200 mesh size) and a 45 \u03bcm porous polyethylene frit (Anderson et al. 2012). The final column elutions were dried down at 180\u00b0C in the presence of 2 drops of HClO4 and taken up in approximately 1 mL of 0.16 M HNO3/0.026 M HF for mass spectrometric analysis. Concentrations of 232Th, 230Th and 231Pa were calculated by isotope dilution, relative to the calibrated tracers 229Th and 233Pa added at the beginning of sample processing. Analyses were carried out on a Thermo-Finnegan ELEMENT XR Single Collector Magnetic Sector ICP-MS, equipped with a high-performance Interface pump (Jet Pump), and specially-designed sample (X) and skimmer (Jet) cones to ensure the highest possible sensitivity. All measurements were made in low-resolution mode (\u2206m/M\u2248300), peak jumping in Escan mode across the central 5% of the flat-topped peaks. Measurements were made on a MasCom\u2122 SEM; 229Th, 230Th,231Pa and 233Pa were measured in Counting mode, while the 232Th signals were large enough that they were measured in Analog mode. Two solutions of SRM129, a natural U standard, were run multiple times throughout each run. One solution was in a concentration range where 238U and 235U were both measured in counting mode, allowing us to determine the mass bias/amu (typical values varied from -0.01/amu to 0.03/amu). In the other, more concentrated solution, 238U was measured in Analog mode and 235U was measured in Counting mode, yielding a measurement of the Analog/Counting Correction Factor. These corrections assume that the mass bias and Analog Correction Factor measured on U isotopes can be applied to Th and Pa isotope measurements. Each sample measurement was bracketed by measurement of an aliquot of the run solution, used to correct for the instrumental background count rates. To correct for tailing of 232Th into the minor Th and Pa isotopes, a series of 232Th standards were run at concentrations bracketing the expected 232Th concentrations in the samples. The analysis routine for these standards was identical to the analysis routine for samples, so we could see the changing beam intensities at the minor masses as we increased the concentration of the 232Th standards. The 232Th count rates in our Pa fractions are quite small, reflecting mainly reagent blanks, compared to the 232Th signal intensity in the Th fraction. The regressions of 230Th, 231Pa, and 233Pa signals as a function of the 232Th signal in the standards was used to correct for tailing of 232Th in samples. Water samples were analyzed in batches of 15. Procedural blanks were determined by processing two 4-5 L of Milli-Q water in an acid-cleaned cubitainer acidified to pH ~2 with 6 M HCl as a sample in each batch. An aliquot of two intercalibrated working standard solutions of 232Th, 230Th and 231Pa, SW STD 2010-1 referred to by Anderson et al. (2012) and SW STD 2015-1 which has lower 232Th activity (more similar to Pacific seawater conditions), were also processed like a sample in each batch. Samples were corrected using the pooled average of all procedural blanks run during processing of NBP1702 samples, with the exception of two batches (30 samples). It was discovered that the 233Pa spike added to these batches also contained ~0.4fg of 231Pa. The samples which had this contaminated spike added were blank corrected for 231Pa using the average 231Pa values in the two procedural blanks run in each of those two batches. The average procedural blanks (not including two batches with high 231Pa in the 233Pa spike) for 232Th, 230Th, and 231Pa were 3.2 pg, 0.25 fg, and 0.01 fg respectively. Derived Parameters: Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE \- The dissolved excess Th-230 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Th-230 corrected for a contribution of Th-230 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Th-230 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-234. We estimate the lithogenic Th-230 using measuring dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Th-230/Th-232 ratio of 4.0e-6 (atom ratio) as determined by Roy-Barman et al. (2002) and a conversion factor to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels. Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE = Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE \u2013 4.0e-6 *1.7473e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE \- The dissolved excess Pa-231 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Pa-231 corrected for a contribution of Pa-231 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Pa-231 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-235. We estimate the lithogenic Pa-231 using measuring dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Pa-231/Th-232 ratio of 8.8e-8 (atom ratio) which is derived from assuming an average upper continental crustal U/Th ratio (Taylor and McClennan, 1995) and secular equilibrium between Pa-231 and U-235 in the lithogenic material. An additional conversion factor is needed to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels. Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE = Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE \u2013 8.8e-8 * 4.0370e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE The correction for dissolved 231Pa and 230Th derived from dissolution of lithogenic particles, when calculating xs230Th and xs231Pa is small. Therefore, even for a sample where the 232Th, used to make the correction, is flagged as bad, the error contributed in calculating xs230Th nd xs231Pa is small, so they are flagged as questionable (2).\u00a0See the Processing Description for complete\u00a0quality flag definitions.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	810778
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OPP-1542962
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1542962
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Office of Polar Programs (formerly NSF PLR)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OPP
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	713360
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	Michael E. Jackson
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	806862
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	Depth profiles of seawater dissolved 232Th, 230Th, and 231Pa from RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP1702 PI: Robert F. Anderson (LDEO) Co-PI: Martin Q. Fleisher (LDEO) Contact: Frank J. Pavia (LDEO) Version date: 03 June 2020
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	dataset_current_state	String	Final and no updates
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2020-05-28T20:17:06Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2020-06-04T20:11:49Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&time<now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.813379.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Easternmost_Easting	double	-169.598
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_max	double	-53.958
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_min	double	-66.841
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_units	String	degrees_north
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_max	double	-169.598
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_min	double	-173.907
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_units	String	degrees_east
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_max	double	5247.235
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_min	double	4.513
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_positive	String	down
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_units	String	m
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/813379
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_acronym	String	Niskin bottle
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid	String	813444
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_description	String	A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_name	String	Niskin bottle
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_nid	String	413
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_supplied_name	String	24 12-liter PVC Niskin bottles
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_acronym	String	CTD Sea-Bird
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid	String	813443
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_description	String	Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) sensor package from SeaBird Electronics, no specific unit identified. This instrument designation is used when specific make and model are not known. See also other SeaBird instruments listed under CTD. More information from Sea-Bird Electronics.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_name	String	CTD Sea-Bird
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_instrument_nid	String	447
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_1_supplied_name	String	Sea-Bird Electronics CTD
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_acronym	String	ICP Mass Spec
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_dataset_instrument_nid	String	813446
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_description	String	An ICP Mass Spec is an instrument that passes nebulized samples into an inductively-coupled gas plasma (8-10000 K) where they are atomized and ionized. Ions of specific mass-to-charge ratios are quantified in a quadrupole mass spectrometer.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB15/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_instrument_name	String	Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_instrument_nid	String	530
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_2_supplied_name	String	Thermo-Finnegan ELEMENT XR Single Collector Magnetic Sector ICP-MS
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_dataset_instrument_nid	String	813445
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_description	String	A machine with a rapidly rotating container that applies centrifugal force to its contents, typically to separate fluids of different densities (e.g., cream from milk) or liquids from solids.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_instrument_name	String	Centrifuge
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_3_instrument_nid	String	629890
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	bco, bco-dmo, biological, bottle, bwiimj, chemical, conc, data, dataset, date, depth, dmo, end, End_Date_UTC, End_ISO_DateTime_UTC, End_Latitude, End_Longitude, End_Time_UTC, erddap, error, event, Event_ID, flag, Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw, Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6, Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj, iso, latitude, longitude, management, oceanography, office, Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw, Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE, Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR, Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG, preliminary, sample, Sample_Depth, Sample_ID, sd1, SD1_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw, SD1_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6, SD1_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj, start, Start_Date_UTC, Start_Time_UTC, station, Station_ID, Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6, Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE, Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR, Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG, Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj, time, xucmu6, yq8ckw
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/813379/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/813379
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Northernmost_Northing	double	-53.958
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'813379': {'Start_ISO_DateTime_UTC': 'flag - time', 'Sample_Depth': 'flag - depth', 'Start_Longitude': 'flag - longitude', 'Start_Latitude': 'flag - latitude'}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/813379/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation_acronym	String	LDEO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Robert F. Anderson
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	50572
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation_acronym	String	LDEO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Martin Q. Fleisher
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	51612
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation_acronym	String	LDEO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Frank J. Pavia
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	643657
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	Contact
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_name	String	Shannon Rauch
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_nid	String	51498
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	SNOWBIRDS
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	SNOWBIRDS
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	NSF Award Abstract: Scientists established more than 30 years ago that the climate-related variability of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere over Earth's ice-age cycles was regulated by the ocean. Hypotheses to explain how the ocean regulates atmospheric carbon dioxide have long been debated, but they have proven to be difficult to test. Work proposed here will test one leading hypothesis, specifically that the ocean experienced greater density stratification during the ice ages. That is, with greater stratification during the ice ages and slower replacement of deep water by cold dense water formed near the poles, the deep ocean would have held more carbon dioxide, which is produced by biological respiration of the organic carbon that constantly rains to the abyss in the form of dead organisms and organic debris that sink from the sunlit surface ocean. To test this hypothesis, the degree of ocean stratification during the last ice age and the rate of deep-water replacement will be constrained by comparing the radiocarbon ages of organisms that grew in the surface ocean and at the sea floor within a critical region around Antarctica, where most of the replacement of deep waters occurs. Completing this work will contribute toward improved models of future climate change. Climate scientists rely on models to estimate the amount of fossil fuel carbon dioxide that will be absorbed by the ocean in the future. Currently the ocean absorbs about 25% of the carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels. Most of this carbon is absorbed in the Southern Ocean (the region around Antarctica). How this will change in the future is poorly known. Models have difficulty representing physical conditions in the Southern Ocean accurately, thereby adding substantial uncertainty to projections of future ocean uptake of carbon dioxide. Results of the proposed study will provide a benchmark to test the ability of models to simulate ocean processes under climate conditions distinctly different from those that occur today, ultimately leading to improvement of the models and to more reliable projections of future absorption of carbon dioxide by the ocean. The proposed work will add a research component to an existing scientific expedition to the Southern Ocean, in the region between the Ross Sea and New Zealand, that will collect sediment cores at three to five locations down the northern flank of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge at approximately 170°W. The goal is to collect sediments at each location deposited since early in the peak of the last ice age. This region is unusual in the Southern Ocean in that sediments deposited during the last ice age contain foraminifera, tiny organisms with calcium carbonate shells, in much greater abundance than in other regions of the Southern Ocean. Foraminifera are widely used as an archive of several geochemical tracers of past ocean conditions. In the proposed work the radiocarbon age of foraminifera that inhabited the surface ocean will be compared with the age of contemporary specimens that grew on the seabed. The difference in age between surface and deep-swelling organisms will be used to discriminate between two proposed mechanisms of deep water renewal during the ice age: formation in coastal polynyas around the edge of Antarctica, much as occurs today, versus formation by open-ocean convection in deep-water regions far from the continent. If the latter mechanism prevails, then it is expected that surface and deep-dwelling foraminifera will exhibit similar radiocarbon ages. In the case of dominance of deep-water formation in coastal polynyas, one expects to find very different radiocarbon ages in the two populations of foraminifera. In the extreme case of greater ocean stratification during the last ice age, one even expects the surface dwellers to appear to be older than contemporary bottom dwellers because the targeted core sites lie directly under the region where the oldest deep waters return to the surface following their long circuitous transit through the deep ocean. The primary objective of the proposed work is to reconstruct the water mass age structure of the Southern Ocean during the last ice age, which, in turn, is a primary factor that controls the amount of carbon dioxide stored in the deep sea. In addition, the presence of foraminifera in the cores to be recovered provides a valuable resource for many other paleoceanographic applications, such as: 1) the application of nitrogen isotopes to constrain the level of nutrient utilization in the Southern Ocean and, thus, the efficiency of the ocean?s biological pump, 2) the application of neodymium isotopes to constrain the transport history of deep water masses, 3) the application of boron isotopes and boron/calcium ratios to constrain the pH and inorganic carbon system parameters of ice-age seawater, and 4) the exploitation of metal/calcium ratios in foraminifera to reconstruct the temperature (Mg/Ca) and nutrient content (Cd/Ca) of deep waters during the last ice age at a location near their source near Antarctica. Note: Project Acronym "SNOWBIRDS" = Silicon and Nitrogen Observed in the Water column Biologic Isotope Records During Sedimentation
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2020-05
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	Pacific Southern Ocean (170ºW from 67ºS to 54ºS)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	Water Mass Structure and Bottom Water Formation in the Ice-age Southern Ocean
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	810779
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_website	String	https://www.snowbirdstransect.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2016-06
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Southernmost_Northing	double	-66.841
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	This dataset contains depth profiles of seawater dissolved 232Th, 230Th, and 231Pa from cruise NBP1702 (GEOTRACES-compliant).
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	time_coverage_end	String	2017-02-28T17:01Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	time_coverage_start	String	2017-01-29T02:32Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	[NBP1702 Dissolved Th and Pa] - Depth profiles of seawater dissolved 232Th, 230Th, and 231Pa from RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP1702 from January to March 2017 (Water Mass Structure and Bottom Water Formation in the Ice-age Southern Ocean)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Westernmost_Easting	double	-173.907
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.5
variable	Station_ID		byte
attribute	Station_ID	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Station_ID	actual_range	byte	1, 15
attribute	Station_ID	bcodmo_name	String	station
attribute	Station_ID	description	String	Station number
attribute	Station_ID	long_name	String	Station ID
attribute	Station_ID	units	String	unitless
variable	Start_Date_UTC		String
attribute	Start_Date_UTC	bcodmo_name	String	date
attribute	Start_Date_UTC	description	String	Start date (UTC); format: DD/MM/YYYY
attribute	Start_Date_UTC	long_name	String	Start Date UTC
attribute	Start_Date_UTC	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/
attribute	Start_Date_UTC	units	String	unitless
variable	Start_Time_UTC		String
attribute	Start_Time_UTC	bcodmo_name	String	time
attribute	Start_Time_UTC	description	String	Start time (UTC); format: hh:mm
attribute	Start_Time_UTC	long_name	String	Start Time UTC
attribute	Start_Time_UTC	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AHMSAA01/
attribute	Start_Time_UTC	units	String	unitless
variable	time		double
attribute	time	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Time
attribute	time	actual_range	double	1.48565712E9, 1.48830126E9
attribute	time	axis	String	T
attribute	time	bcodmo_name	String	ISO_DateTime_UTC
attribute	time	description	String	Start date and time (UTC) formatted to ISO8601 standard: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ
attribute	time	ioos_category	String	Time
attribute	time	long_name	String	Start ISO Date Time UTC
attribute	time	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DTUT8601/
attribute	time	source_name	String	Start_ISO_DateTime_UTC
attribute	time	standard_name	String	time
attribute	time	time_origin	String	01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute	time	time_precision	String	1970-01-01T00:00Z
attribute	time	units	String	seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable	End_Date_UTC		String
attribute	End_Date_UTC	bcodmo_name	String	date
attribute	End_Date_UTC	description	String	End date (UTC); format: DD/MM/YYYY
attribute	End_Date_UTC	long_name	String	End Date UTC
attribute	End_Date_UTC	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/ADATAA01/
attribute	End_Date_UTC	units	String	unitless
variable	End_Time_UTC		String
attribute	End_Time_UTC	bcodmo_name	String	time
attribute	End_Time_UTC	description	String	End time (UTC); format: hh:mm
attribute	End_Time_UTC	long_name	String	End Time UTC
attribute	End_Time_UTC	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/AHMSAA01/
attribute	End_Time_UTC	units	String	unitless
variable	End_ISO_DateTime_UTC		String
attribute	End_ISO_DateTime_UTC	bcodmo_name	String	ISO_DateTime_UTC
attribute	End_ISO_DateTime_UTC	description	String	End date and time (UTC) formatted to ISO8601 standard: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ
attribute	End_ISO_DateTime_UTC	long_name	String	End ISO Date Time UTC
attribute	End_ISO_DateTime_UTC	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DTUT8601/
attribute	End_ISO_DateTime_UTC	time_precision	String	1970-01-01T00:00Z
attribute	End_ISO_DateTime_UTC	units	String	unitless
variable	latitude		double
attribute	latitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lat
attribute	latitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	latitude	actual_range	double	-66.841, -53.958
attribute	latitude	axis	String	Y
attribute	latitude	bcodmo_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	colorBarMaximum	double	90.0
attribute	latitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-90.0
attribute	latitude	description	String	Start latitude
attribute	latitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	latitude	long_name	String	Latitude
attribute	latitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/
attribute	latitude	source_name	String	Start_Latitude
attribute	latitude	standard_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	units	String	degrees_north
variable	longitude		double
attribute	longitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lon
attribute	longitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	longitude	actual_range	double	-173.907, -169.598
attribute	longitude	axis	String	X
attribute	longitude	bcodmo_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	colorBarMaximum	double	180.0
attribute	longitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-180.0
attribute	longitude	description	String	Start longitude
attribute	longitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	longitude	long_name	String	Longitude
attribute	longitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/
attribute	longitude	source_name	String	Start_Longitude
attribute	longitude	standard_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	units	String	degrees_east
variable	End_Latitude		float
attribute	End_Latitude	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	End_Latitude	actual_range	float	-66.975, -53.835
attribute	End_Latitude	bcodmo_name	String	latitude
attribute	End_Latitude	colorBarMaximum	double	90.0
attribute	End_Latitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-90.0
attribute	End_Latitude	description	String	End latitude
attribute	End_Latitude	long_name	String	Latitude
attribute	End_Latitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/
attribute	End_Latitude	standard_name	String	latitude
attribute	End_Latitude	units	String	degrees North
variable	End_Longitude		float
attribute	End_Longitude	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	End_Longitude	actual_range	float	-173.785, -169.6
attribute	End_Longitude	bcodmo_name	String	longitude
attribute	End_Longitude	colorBarMaximum	double	180.0
attribute	End_Longitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-180.0
attribute	End_Longitude	description	String	End longitude
attribute	End_Longitude	long_name	String	Longitude
attribute	End_Longitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/
attribute	End_Longitude	standard_name	String	longitude
attribute	End_Longitude	units	String	degrees East
variable	Event_ID		byte
attribute	Event_ID	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Event_ID	actual_range	byte	5, 114
attribute	Event_ID	bcodmo_name	String	event
attribute	Event_ID	description	String	Event number
attribute	Event_ID	long_name	String	Event ID
attribute	Event_ID	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/EVTAGFL/
attribute	Event_ID	units	String	unitless
variable	Sample_ID		byte
attribute	Sample_ID	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Sample_ID	actual_range	byte	1, 23
attribute	Sample_ID	bcodmo_name	String	sample
attribute	Sample_ID	description	String	Sample number
attribute	Sample_ID	long_name	String	Sample ID
attribute	Sample_ID	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P02/current/ACYC/
attribute	Sample_ID	units	String	unitless
variable	depth		double
attribute	depth	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Height
attribute	depth	_CoordinateZisPositive	String	down
attribute	depth	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	depth	actual_range	double	4.513, 5247.235
attribute	depth	axis	String	Z
attribute	depth	bcodmo_name	String	depth
attribute	depth	description	String	Sample depth
attribute	depth	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	depth	long_name	String	Sample Depth
attribute	depth	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/DEPH/
attribute	depth	positive	String	down
attribute	depth	standard_name	String	depth
attribute	depth	units	String	m
variable	Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6		float
attribute	Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	actual_range	float	0.65, 17.06
attribute	Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	bcodmo_name	String	trace_element_conc
attribute	Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	description	String	Dissolved Th-230 concentration
attribute	Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	long_name	String	Th 230 D CONC BOTTLE Xucmu6
attribute	Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	units	String	uBq/kg
variable	SD1_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6		float
attribute	SD1_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	SD1_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	actual_range	float	0.03, 0.26
attribute	SD1_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	bcodmo_name	String	trace_element_conc
attribute	SD1_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	description	String	One standard deviation of Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6
attribute	SD1_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	long_name	String	SD1 Th 230 D CONC BOTTLE Xucmu6
attribute	SD1_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	units	String	uBq/kg
variable	Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6		byte
attribute	Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	actual_range	byte	1, 2
attribute	Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	bcodmo_name	String	q_flag
attribute	Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	colorBarMaximum	double	150.0
attribute	Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	description	String	Quality flag for Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6
attribute	Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	long_name	String	Flag Th 230 D CONC BOTTLE Xucmu6
attribute	Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_xucmu6	units	String	None
variable	Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj		float
attribute	Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	actual_range	float	0.0168, 0.1426
attribute	Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	bcodmo_name	String	trace_element_conc
attribute	Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	description	String	Dissolved Th-232 concentration
attribute	Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	long_name	String	Th 232 D CONC BOTTLE Bwiimj
attribute	Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	units	String	pmol/kg
variable	SD1_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj		float
attribute	SD1_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	SD1_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	actual_range	float	6.0E-4, 0.0023
attribute	SD1_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	bcodmo_name	String	trace_element_conc
attribute	SD1_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	description	String	One standard deviation of Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj
attribute	SD1_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	long_name	String	SD1 Th 232 D CONC BOTTLE Bwiimj
attribute	SD1_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	units	String	pmol/kg
variable	Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj		byte
attribute	Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	actual_range	byte	1, 2
attribute	Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	bcodmo_name	String	q_flag
attribute	Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	colorBarMaximum	double	150.0
attribute	Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	description	String	Quality flag for Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj
attribute	Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	long_name	String	Flag Th 232 D CONC BOTTLE Bwiimj
attribute	Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_bwiimj	units	String	None
variable	Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw		float
attribute	Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	actual_range	float	0.43, 8.39
attribute	Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	bcodmo_name	String	trace_element_conc
attribute	Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	description	String	Dissolved Pa-231 concentration
attribute	Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	long_name	String	Pa 231 D CONC BOTTLE Yq8ckw
attribute	Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	units	String	uBq/kg
variable	SD1_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw		float
attribute	SD1_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	SD1_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	actual_range	float	0.03, 0.55
attribute	SD1_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	bcodmo_name	String	trace_element_conc
attribute	SD1_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	description	String	One standard deviation of Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw
attribute	SD1_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	long_name	String	SD1 Pa 231 D CONC BOTTLE Yq8ckw
attribute	SD1_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	units	String	uBq/kg
variable	Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw		byte
attribute	Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	actual_range	byte	1, 3
attribute	Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	bcodmo_name	String	q_flag
attribute	Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	colorBarMaximum	double	150.0
attribute	Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	description	String	Quality flag for Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw
attribute	Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	long_name	String	Flag Pa 231 D CONC BOTTLE Yq8ckw
attribute	Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_yq8ckw	units	String	None
variable	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE		float
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE	actual_range	float	0.62, 16.96
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE	bcodmo_name	String	trace_element_conc
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE	description	String	Dissolved Th-230 concentration corrected for the dissolution of lithogenic minerals, thereby isolating the dissolved Th-230 produced by decay of dissolved uranium
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE	long_name	String	Th 230 D XS CONC BOTTLE
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE	units	String	uBq/kg
variable	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR		float
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR	actual_range	float	0.03, 0.27
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR	bcodmo_name	String	trace_element_conc
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR	description	String	One standard deviation of Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR	long_name	String	Th 230 D XS CONC BOTTLE ERR
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR	units	String	uBq/kg
variable	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG		byte
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	actual_range	byte	1, 2
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	bcodmo_name	String	q_flag
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	colorBarMaximum	double	150.0
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	description	String	Quality flag for Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	long_name	String	Th 230 D XS CONC BOTTLE FLAG
attribute	Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	units	String	none
variable	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE		float
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE	actual_range	float	0.43, 8.39
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE	bcodmo_name	String	trace_element_conc
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE	description	String	Dissolved Pa-231 concentration corrected for the dissolution of lithogenic minerals (see metadata for full explanation)
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE	long_name	String	Pa 231 D XS CONC BOTTLE
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE	units	String	uBq/kg
variable	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR		float
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR	actual_range	float	0.03, 0.55
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR	bcodmo_name	String	trace_element_conc
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR	description	String	One standard deviation of Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR	long_name	String	Pa 231 D XS CONC BOTTLE ERR
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_ERR	units	String	uBq/kg
variable	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG		byte
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	actual_range	byte	1, 3
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	bcodmo_name	String	q_flag
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	colorBarMaximum	double	150.0
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	description	String	Quality flag for Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	long_name	String	Pa 231 D XS CONC BOTTLE FLAG
attribute	Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG	units	String	none

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