ERDDAP > info > bcodmo_dataset_814267

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Acces- sible	Title	Sum- mary	FGDC, ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
		data	graph		files	public	[Sponge density, morphology, benthos percent cover] - Sponge density and morphology and percent cover of sponges and associated community at Virgin Islands Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring Program site, pre- and post-hurricane, 2015-2017 (RAPID: Collaborative Research: Sponge resilience in the face of multiple stressors)		F   I   M	background			BCO-DMO	bcodmo_dataset_814267

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	access_formats	String	.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acquisition_description	String	Prior to the 2017 hurricanes, six shallow (8-15 m depth) reef sites had been selected from the Virgin Islands Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring Program\u2019s (TCRMP) permanent monitoring sites to study variation in sponge communities in St. Thomas. These sites included Black Point (N18\u00b0\u00a020.665\u2019, W64\u00b0\u00a059.107\u2019), Coculus Rock (N18\u00b0\u00a018.734\u2019, W64\u00b0\u00a051.613\u2019), and Magens Bay (N18\u00b0 22.459\u2019, W64\u00b0 56.077\u2019), which are in embayments with heavily developed watersheds. Buck Island (N18\u00b0 16.717\u2019, W64\u00b0 53.925\u2019) and Savana Island (N18\u00b0\u00a020.437\u2019, W65\u00b0\u00a004.939\u2019) are located near undeveloped offshore cays. Botany Bay (N18\u00b0\u00a021.433\u2019, W65\u00b0\u00a002.071\u2019) is a nearshore site in a bay with a low level of watershed development. For this study, we used three randomly selected transects out of the six permanently established 10 m TCRMP transects at each site. The same three transects at each site were re-surveyed repeatedly in August 2015, August 2016 (pre- hurricanes) and December 2017 (10 weeks post-hurricanes).\u00a0 Sponge assemblages were surveyed on each transect using multiple measures. Sponge density was quantified by a diver\u00a0in situ\u00a0by counting every sponge individual (i.e., ramet) within 0.5 m of each transect (resulting in 0.5 x 10 m belt transects) for all sites except Black Point, where 0.5 m on both sides of the transects (1 x 10 m belt transects) were surveyed. Density (sponges/m2) was calculated as the total number of individual sponges per transect, divided by the transect area (Gochfeld et al. 2020). To determine whether different sponge morphologies were differentially affected by hurricanes, each sponge from each transect was assigned to a broad morphological category (sensu\u00a0Wulff 2006). These categories included excavating sponges (\"excavating\"); low relief encrusting sponges (\"encrusting\"); thicker cushions, massive, tube, vase, or other amorphous shapes of medium relief (\u201cmassive\u201d); and upright, branching and rope sponges (\u201cupright\u201d). These groupings differ slightly from those used by Wulff (2006), but represent the morphotypes found within our transects in St. Thomas. The percent of the entire sponge community represented by each morphological category was calculated as the number of individuals in each category divided by the total number of individuals for each transect and multiplied by 100 (Gochfeld et al. 2020). Percent cover of sponges was determined from videos of the three transects at each site following established methods from the Virgin Islands Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring Program (Smith et al. 2016). A diver swam at uniform speed while videoing the substrata from a height of approximately 0.4 m (the height of a guide wand). Consecutive, non-overlapping images, each approximately 0.64 x 0.48 m in planar area, were captured for each transect, for an average of 21 images per transect. Twenty random points were superimposed on each image (average of 1282 points per site, per sampling period) and the benthic cover underneath each point was identified to the lowest identifiable taxonomic level and used in the calculation of percent cover by transect. Specific sponges were not identified in the benthic cover analysis and were instead grouped into the overarching category of \u201cSponge\u201d. The number of points per image required to adequately characterize the percent cover of each of the benthic categories (sponges, hard corals, macroalgae, epilithic algal community [EAC; i.e., diminutive turf algae and other low complexity filamentous algal communities; Smith et al. 2016], non-living substrata, calcareous algae, cyanobacterial mats, gorgonians, zoanthids and other/unknown living substrata) was determined by visual inspection of the running means. For all categories, the mean value stabilized at no more than 17 points per image per transect, indicating that the 20 points analyzed per image was sufficient to accurately reflect percent cover at these sites (Gochfeld et al. 2020).
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_nid	String	749383
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_award_number	String	OCE-1807807
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_data_url	String	http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1807807
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funder_name	String	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_acronym	String	NSF OCE
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_funding_source_nid	String	355
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager	String	Daniel Thornhill
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	awards_0_program_manager_nid	String	722161
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	Sponge density, morphology, and percent cover of sponges and other benthos at Virgin Islands Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring Program (TCRMP) permanent monitoring sites, 2015-2017 PI's: D. Gochfeld (U Miss), J. Olson (U.AL), M. Brandt (UVI) version date: 2020-06-08
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	info at bco-dmo.org
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	data_source	String	extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	dataset_current_state	String	Final and no updates
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2020-06-04T13:42:06Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_modified	String	2020-07-08T21:22:02Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	&time<now
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.814267.1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Easternmost_Easting	double	-64.8602
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_max	double	18.3743
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_min	double	18.2786
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_units	String	degrees_north
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_max	double	-64.8602
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_min	double	-65.0823
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_units	String	degrees_east
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/814267
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_acronym	String	camera
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description	String	Used to record bottom along transects for % cover analysis.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid	String	814488
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_description	String	All types of photographic equipment including stills, video, film and digital systems.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/311/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_name	String	Camera
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_instrument_nid	String	520
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	instruments_0_supplied_name	String	high definition digital video recorder
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	algae, algal, bco, bco-dmo, biological, calcareous, calcareous_algae, chemical, community, coral, cyanobacterial, cyanobacterial_mats, data, dataset, density, description, dmo, encrusting, Encrusting_pcent, epilithic, epilithic_algal_community, erddap, excavating, Excavating_pcent, gorgonians, latitude, living, longitude, macroalgae, management, massive, Massive_pcent, mats, name, non, non_living, oceanography, office, other_unknown_living, pcent, preliminary, site, site_description, site_name, sponge, Sponge_density, transect, upright, Upright_pcent, year, zoanthids
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/814267/license
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	metadata_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/814267
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Northernmost_Northing	double	18.3743
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	param_mapping	String	{'814267': {'lat': 'master - latitude', 'lon': 'master - longitude'}}
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	parameter_source	String	https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/814267/parameters
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation	String	University of Mississippi
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_affiliation_acronym	String	UM-NCNPR
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_name	String	Deborah J Gochfeld
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_person_nid	String	51458
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role	String	Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_0_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_affiliation	String	University of the Virgin Islands Center for Marine and Environmental Studies
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_name	String	Marilyn Brandt
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_person_nid	String	559376
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_1_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation	String	University of Alabama-Tuscaloosa
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_affiliation_acronym	String	UA/Tuscaloosa
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_name	String	Julie Olson
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_person_nid	String	51454
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role	String	Co-Principal Investigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_2_role_type	String	originator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_affiliation	String	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_affiliation_acronym	String	WHOI BCO-DMO
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_name	String	Nancy Copley
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_person_nid	String	50396
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role	String	BCO-DMO Data Manager
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	people_3_role_type	String	related
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	Sponge resilience
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_acronym	String	Sponge resilience
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_description	String	NSF Award Abstract: Over the past several decades, coral reefs worldwide have undergone a transition from being dominated by the corals themselves to being dominated by sponges or algae. The causes of these changes are complex, but they include both natural stressors, such as diseases and hurricanes, and impacts from human activities, such as coastal development and climate change. There are over 600 species of sponges on Caribbean coral reefs, and they serve many important ecological roles, including nutrient cycling, providing food and shelter for other reef animals, and producing a tremendous diversity of chemical compounds that are important for controlling species interactions on the reef, and may serve as potential new drugs. In spite of their importance on coral reefs, there are many aspects of sponge biology that remain unknown, including how they respond to different types of stressors. Coral reefs in St. Thomas, in the U.S. Virgin Islands, are exposed to different levels of man-made stressors, depending upon their proximity to coastal development, and the sponge assemblages on these reefs also vary with levels of human impacts. In September 2017, St. Thomas was devastated by two Category 5 hurricanes in a row. Since, unlike corals, virtually nothing is known about what happens to sponge communities in the aftermath of hurricanes, the research team will use a combination of field ecology and population genetics approaches to determine how sponge communities respond and recover from these devastating storms and whether prior exposure to land-based stressors affects their recovery. Researchers at the Universities of Mississippi, Alabama and the Virgin Islands will participate in this RAPID project, and will provide training opportunities for students and postdoctoral researchers, especially from underrepresented groups. Information will be provided to resource managers in the Virgin Islands, along with outreach programs to community groups in St. Thomas. The goal of this project is to assess the impacts of single (e.g., hurricanes) versus multiple (e.g., hurricanes and land-based sources of pollution) stressors on the resilience, recovery, and recruitment of sponge communities in St. Thomas, U.S.V.I. Given the growing dominance of sponges on coral reefs worldwide, understanding the responses of sponges to natural and anthropogenic stressors is increasingly important. The investigators will leverage multiple years of data on sponge assemblages from several sites around the island of St. Thomas that varied in their levels of exposure to local land-based stressors prior to Hurricanes Irma and Maria, and evaluate changes to these diverse assemblages over time, beginning within 3 months of these devastating storms. Using a combination of natural and experimentally cleared plots, the investigators will assess the progress of sponge succession and whether the presence of algae interferes with sponge recruitment and recovery. Subsamples of recruits and nearby conspecifics will be collected to evaluate population genetic diversity and potential sources of new individuals. The data resulting from this project will provide critical insights into sponge resilience in response to hurricanes at sites previously exposed to land-based stressors, the initiation of succession within sponge communities, potential predictors of successional trajectory, and genetic diversity within sponge populations following a storm event. This information will help identify factors that inhibit coral recovery and potential approaches to enhance resilience of coral reefs.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_end_date	String	2019-11
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_geolocation	String	St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_name	String	RAPID: Collaborative Research: Sponge resilience in the face of multiple stressors
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_project_nid	String	749384
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	projects_0_start_date	String	2017-12
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	institution
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Southernmost_Northing	double	18.2786
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v55
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Sponge density and morphology and percent cover of sponges and associated benthic community determined from videos of three transects at Virgin Islands Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring Program site, pre- and post-hurricane, 2015-2017.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	[Sponge density, morphology, benthos percent cover] - Sponge density and morphology and percent cover of sponges and associated community at Virgin Islands Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring Program site, pre- and post-hurricane, 2015-2017 (RAPID: Collaborative Research: Sponge resilience in the face of multiple stressors)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	version	String	1
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Westernmost_Easting	double	-65.0823
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	xml_source	String	osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.5
variable	Year		short
attribute	Year	_FillValue	short	32767
attribute	Year	actual_range	short	2015, 2017
attribute	Year	bcodmo_name	String	year
attribute	Year	description	String	sampling year
attribute	Year	long_name	String	Year
attribute	Year	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/YEARXXXX/
attribute	Year	units	String	unitless
variable	Site		String
attribute	Site	bcodmo_name	String	site
attribute	Site	description	String	sampling site identifier
attribute	Site	long_name	String	Site
attribute	Site	units	String	unitless
variable	site_name		String
attribute	site_name	bcodmo_name	String	site
attribute	site_name	description	String	name of sampling site
attribute	site_name	long_name	String	Site Name
attribute	site_name	units	String	unitless
variable	latitude		double
attribute	latitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lat
attribute	latitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	latitude	actual_range	double	18.2786, 18.3743
attribute	latitude	axis	String	Y
attribute	latitude	bcodmo_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	colorBarMaximum	double	90.0
attribute	latitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-90.0
attribute	latitude	description	String	latitude; north is positive
attribute	latitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	latitude	long_name	String	Latitude
attribute	latitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LATX/
attribute	latitude	standard_name	String	latitude
attribute	latitude	units	String	degrees_north
variable	longitude		double
attribute	longitude	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Lon
attribute	longitude	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	longitude	actual_range	double	-65.0823, -64.8602
attribute	longitude	axis	String	X
attribute	longitude	bcodmo_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	colorBarMaximum	double	180.0
attribute	longitude	colorBarMinimum	double	-180.0
attribute	longitude	description	String	longitude; east is positive
attribute	longitude	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	longitude	long_name	String	Longitude
attribute	longitude	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/LONX/
attribute	longitude	standard_name	String	longitude
attribute	longitude	units	String	degrees_east
variable	site_description		String
attribute	site_description	bcodmo_name	String	site_descrip
attribute	site_description	description	String	description of relative human development of site
attribute	site_description	long_name	String	Site Description
attribute	site_description	units	String	unitless
variable	Transect		byte
attribute	Transect	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	Transect	actual_range	byte	1, 6
attribute	Transect	bcodmo_name	String	transect
attribute	Transect	description	String	transect number
attribute	Transect	long_name	String	Transect
attribute	Transect	units	String	unitless
variable	Sponge_density		float
attribute	Sponge_density	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Sponge_density	actual_range	float	10.8, 93.2
attribute	Sponge_density	bcodmo_name	String	abundance
attribute	Sponge_density	description	String	Number of sponges per unit area
attribute	Sponge_density	long_name	String	Sponge Density
attribute	Sponge_density	nerc_identifier	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P03/current/B070/
attribute	Sponge_density	units	String	sponges/meter^2
variable	Encrusting_pcent		float
attribute	Encrusting_pcent	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Encrusting_pcent	actual_range	float	20.79, 88.38
attribute	Encrusting_pcent	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	Encrusting_pcent	description	String	percent of encrusting sponges on the transect
attribute	Encrusting_pcent	long_name	String	Encrusting Pcent
attribute	Encrusting_pcent	units	String	percent (%)
variable	Excavating_pcent		float
attribute	Excavating_pcent	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Excavating_pcent	actual_range	float	0.0, 21.29
attribute	Excavating_pcent	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	Excavating_pcent	description	String	percent of excavating sponges on the transect
attribute	Excavating_pcent	long_name	String	Excavating Pcent
attribute	Excavating_pcent	units	String	percent (%)
variable	Massive_pcent		float
attribute	Massive_pcent	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Massive_pcent	actual_range	float	3.08, 25.0
attribute	Massive_pcent	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	Massive_pcent	description	String	percent of massive sponges on the transect
attribute	Massive_pcent	long_name	String	Massive Pcent
attribute	Massive_pcent	units	String	percent (%)
variable	Upright_pcent		float
attribute	Upright_pcent	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	Upright_pcent	actual_range	float	3.97, 71.29
attribute	Upright_pcent	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	Upright_pcent	description	String	percent of upright sponges on the transect
attribute	Upright_pcent	long_name	String	Upright Pcent
attribute	Upright_pcent	units	String	percent (%)
variable	calcareous_algae		float
attribute	calcareous_algae	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	calcareous_algae	actual_range	float	0.0, 4.34
attribute	calcareous_algae	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	calcareous_algae	description	String	percent cover by calcareous algae along transect
attribute	calcareous_algae	long_name	String	Calcareous Algae
attribute	calcareous_algae	units	String	percent (%)
variable	coral		float
attribute	coral	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	coral	actual_range	float	0.74, 25.6
attribute	coral	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	coral	description	String	percent cover by coral along transect
attribute	coral	long_name	String	Coral
attribute	coral	units	String	percent (%)
variable	cyanobacterial_mats		float
attribute	cyanobacterial_mats	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	cyanobacterial_mats	actual_range	float	0.0, 8.65
attribute	cyanobacterial_mats	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	cyanobacterial_mats	description	String	percent cover by cyanobacterial mats along transect
attribute	cyanobacterial_mats	long_name	String	Cyanobacterial Mats
attribute	cyanobacterial_mats	units	String	percent (%)
variable	epilithic_algal_community		float
attribute	epilithic_algal_community	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	epilithic_algal_community	actual_range	float	4.67, 58.79
attribute	epilithic_algal_community	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	epilithic_algal_community	description	String	percent cover by epilithic algal community along transect
attribute	epilithic_algal_community	long_name	String	Epilithic Algal Community
attribute	epilithic_algal_community	units	String	percent (%)
variable	gorgonians		float
attribute	gorgonians	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	gorgonians	actual_range	float	0.0, 13.38
attribute	gorgonians	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	gorgonians	description	String	percent cover by gorgonians along transect
attribute	gorgonians	long_name	String	Gorgonians
attribute	gorgonians	units	String	percent (%)
variable	macroalgae		float
attribute	macroalgae	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	macroalgae	actual_range	float	25.09, 78.23
attribute	macroalgae	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	macroalgae	description	String	percent cover by macroalgae along transect
attribute	macroalgae	long_name	String	Macroalgae
attribute	macroalgae	units	String	percent (%)
variable	non_living		float
attribute	non_living	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	non_living	actual_range	float	0.0, 25.7
attribute	non_living	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	non_living	description	String	percent cover by non-living substrata along transect
attribute	non_living	long_name	String	Non Living
attribute	non_living	units	String	percent (%)
variable	other_unknown_living		float
attribute	other_unknown_living	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	other_unknown_living	actual_range	float	0.0, 6.99
attribute	other_unknown_living	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	other_unknown_living	description	String	percent cover by other or unknown living substrata along transect
attribute	other_unknown_living	long_name	String	Other Unknown Living
attribute	other_unknown_living	units	String	percent (%)
variable	zoanthids		float
attribute	zoanthids	_FillValue	float	NaN
attribute	zoanthids	actual_range	float	0.0, 1.85
attribute	zoanthids	bcodmo_name	String	cover_pcent
attribute	zoanthids	description	String	percent cover by zoanthids along transect
attribute	zoanthids	long_name	String	Zoanthids
attribute	zoanthids	units	String	percent (%)

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.