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| Dataset Title: | [carbonate chemistry and corals expt] - Results from OA/feeding experiment: carbonate chemistry and coral skeletal weight, symbiont density, and total tissue lipid content of samples collected from northwestern Bermuda patch reefs; 2010 (An Investigation of the Role of Nutrition in the Coral Calcification Response to Ocean Acidification) 
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| Institution: | BCO-DMO (Dataset ID: bcodmo_dataset_4040) |
| Information: | Summary
| License
| ISO 19115
| Metadata
| Background
| Data Access Form
| Files
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![[The graph you specified. Please be patient.]](https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_4040.png?sal,sal_sd&.draw=markers&.marker=5%7C5&.color=0x000000&.colorBar=%7C%7C%7C%7C%7C&.bgColor=0xffccccff)
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treatment {
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String description "Experimental treatment/condition.";
String long_name "Treatment";
String units "text";
}
sal {
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Float32 actual_range 37.0, 37.6;
String bcodmo_name "sal";
String description "Salinity; average of all replicate tanks for the given experimental treatment.";
String long_name "Sal";
String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PSALST01/";
String units "psu";
}
sal_sd {
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Float32 actual_range 0.2, 0.3;
String bcodmo_name "standard deviation";
Float64 colorBarMaximum 50.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String description "Standard deviation of 'sal'.";
String long_name "Sal Sd";
String units "psu";
}
alk {
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Int16 actual_range 2324, 2332;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Alkalinity; average of all replicate tanks for the given experimental treatment.";
String long_name "Alk";
String units "microequivalent per kilogram (ueq/kg)";
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alk_sd {
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Float64 colorBarMaximum 50.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String description "Standard deviation of 'alk'.";
String long_name "Alk Sd";
String units "microequivalent per kilogram (ueq/kg)";
}
DIC {
Int16 _FillValue 32767;
Int16 actual_range 1984, 2213;
String bcodmo_name "DIC";
String description "Concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon; average of all replicate tanks for the given experimental treatment.";
String long_name "DIC";
String units "micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)";
}
DIC_sd {
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String bcodmo_name "standard deviation";
Float64 colorBarMaximum 50.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String description "Standard deviation of 'DIC'.";
String long_name "DIC Sd";
String units "micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)";
}
pH {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 7.72, 8.2;
String bcodmo_name "pH";
Float64 colorBarMaximum 9.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 7.0;
String description "pH; average of all replicate tanks for the given experimental treatment.";
String long_name "Sea Water Ph Reported On Total Scale";
String nerc_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/PHXXZZXX/";
String units "NBS";
}
pH_sd {
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String bcodmo_name "standard deviation";
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Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String description "Standard deviation of 'pH'.";
String long_name "P H SD";
String units "NBS";
}
HCO3 {
Int16 _FillValue 32767;
Int16 actual_range 1735, 2076;
String bcodmo_name "bicarbonate";
String description "Concentration of bicarbonate ions; average of all replicate tanks for the given experimental treatment.";
String long_name "HCO3";
String units "micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)";
}
HCO3_sd {
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String _Unsigned "false";
Byte actual_range 13, 39;
String bcodmo_name "standard deviation";
Float64 colorBarMaximum 50.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String description "Standard deviation of 'HCO3'.";
String long_name "HCO3 Sd";
String units "micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)";
}
CO3 {
Int16 _FillValue 32767;
Int16 actual_range 101, 238;
String bcodmo_name "carbonate";
String description "Concentration of carbonate ions; average of all replicate tanks for the given experimental treatment.";
String long_name "CO3";
String units "micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)";
}
CO3_sd {
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String bcodmo_name "standard deviation";
Float64 colorBarMaximum 50.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String description "Standard deviation of 'CO3'.";
String long_name "CO3 Sd";
String units "micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)";
}
AragSat {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 1.6, 3.76;
String bcodmo_name "OM_ar";
String description "Aragonite saturation state; average of all replicate tanks for the given experimental treatment. (The saturation state of seawater with respect to aragonite is a measure of the thermodynamic potential for aragonite to form or to dissolve, and is defined as the product of the concentrations of dissolved calcium and carbonate ions in seawater, divided by their product at equilibrium.)";
String long_name "Arag Sat";
String units "dimensionless";
}
AragSat_sd {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 0.03, 0.15;
String bcodmo_name "standard deviation";
Float64 colorBarMaximum 50.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String description "Standard deviation of 'AragSat'.";
String long_name "Arag Sat Sd";
String units "dimensionless";
}
PcntSpat3oSepta {
Byte _FillValue 127;
String _Unsigned "false";
Byte actual_range 7, 82;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Percent of spat with tertiary septat; average of all replicate tanks for the given experimental treatment.";
String long_name "Pcnt Spat3o Septa";
String units "%";
}
PcntSpat3oSepta_se {
Byte _FillValue 127;
String _Unsigned "false";
Byte actual_range 4, 7;
String bcodmo_name "standard error";
String description "Standard error of 'PcntSpat3oSepta'.";
String long_name "Pcnt Spat3o Septa Se";
String units "%";
}
SeptaDiam {
Int16 _FillValue 32767;
Int16 actual_range 1323, 2133;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Septa diameter; average of all replicate tanks for the given experimental treatment.";
String long_name "Septa Diam";
String units "micrometers (um)";
}
SeptaDiam_se {
Byte _FillValue 127;
String _Unsigned "false";
Byte actual_range 23, 35;
String bcodmo_name "standard error";
String description "Standard error of 'SeptaDiam'.";
String long_name "Septa Diam Se";
String units "micrometers (um)";
}
CoralliteWt {
Int16 _FillValue 32767;
Int16 actual_range 250, 547;
String bcodmo_name "weight";
String description "Total corallite weight; average of all replicate tanks for the given experimental treatment.";
String long_name "Corallite Wt";
String units "micrograms (ug)";
}
CoralliteWt_se {
Byte _FillValue 127;
String _Unsigned "false";
Byte actual_range 7, 29;
String bcodmo_name "standard error";
String description "Standard error of 'CoralliteWt'.";
String long_name "Corallite Wt Se";
String units "micrograms (ug)";
}
TotLipid_per_area {
Byte _FillValue 127;
String _Unsigned "false";
Byte actual_range 10, 13;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Area-normalized total tissue lipid weight; average of all replicate tanks for the given experimental treatment.";
String long_name "Tot Lipid Per Area";
String units "micrograms per square millimeter (ug/mm^2)";
}
TotLipid_per_area_se {
Byte _FillValue 127;
String _Unsigned "false";
Byte actual_range 0, 2;
String bcodmo_name "standard error";
String description "Standard error of 'TotLipid_per_area'.";
String long_name "Tot Lipid Per Area Se";
String units "micrograms per square millimeter (ug/mm^2)";
}
SymbiontDensity {
Byte _FillValue 127;
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Byte actual_range 14, 23;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Symbionts per area; average of all replicate tanks for the given experimental treatment.";
String long_name "Symbiont Density";
String units "x1000 cells per square millimeter (x10^3 cells/mm^2)";
}
SymbiontDensity_se {
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Byte actual_range 2, 4;
String bcodmo_name "unknown";
String description "Standard error of 'SymbiontDensity'.";
String long_name "Symbiont Density Se";
String units "x1000 cells per square millimeter (x10^3 cells/mm^2)";
}
tank {
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String _Unsigned "false";
Byte actual_range 1, 12;
String bcodmo_name "tank";
String description "Identification number of the experimental tank.";
String long_name "Tank";
String units "integer";
}
TankAragSat {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 1.54, 3.79;
String bcodmo_name "OM_ar";
String description "Aragonite saturation state in the specified tank.";
String long_name "Tank Arag Sat";
String units "dimensionless";
}
TankAragSat_se {
Float32 _FillValue NaN;
Float32 actual_range 0.01, 0.26;
String bcodmo_name "standard error";
String description "Standard error of 'TankAragSat'.";
String long_name "Tank Arag Sat Se";
String units "dimensionless";
}
TankCoralliteWt {
Int16 _FillValue 32767;
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String bcodmo_name "weight";
String description "Total corallite weight in the specified tank.";
String long_name "Tank Corallite Wt";
String units "micrograms (ug)";
}
TankCoralliteWt_se {
Byte _FillValue 127;
String _Unsigned "false";
Byte actual_range 11, 59;
String bcodmo_name "standard error";
String description "Standard error of 'TankCoralliteWt'.";
String long_name "Tank Corallite Wt Se";
String units "micrograms (ug)";
}
}
NC_GLOBAL {
String access_formats ".htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv";
String acquisition_description
"Experimental setup and conditions
This experiment was conducted at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
(BIOS) in St. George\\u2019s, Bermuda. The experimental treatments were two CO2
levels (high and ambient) and two feeding conditions (fed and unfed). The two
pCO2 levels were established in static 5.5 gallon aquaria filled with serially
filtered (50, 5 um) seawater prior to the addition of metamorphosed larvae.
These conditions were achieved and maintained by directly bubbling air (in the
ambient condition) or CO2 -enriched air (high CO2 treatment) through micropore
bubble \\\"wands\\\" fixed horizontally approximately 5 cm from the base of each
aquarium. A pair of Aalborg mass flow controllers maintained the CO2
concentration of the enriched treatment. The resultant average calculated pCO2
for ambient and high CO2 conditions were 421 \\u00b1 35 and 1,311 \\u00b1 76
uatm (mean \\u00b1 SD), respectively, with corresponding average \\u03a9ar of
3.66 \\u00b1 0.15 and 1.63 \\u00b1 0.08 (mean \\u00b1 SD), respectively. \\u03a9ar
of the high CO2 treatments is within range of average global surface ocean
\\u03a9ar predicted by global climate models for the end of this century under
the IPCC SRES A2 (Steinacher et al. 2009). Corals in fed treatments were
isolated (every night for 2 weeks, every other night for the third week) for 3
h in 12.5 cm x 12.5 cm x 3 cm plastic containers filled with seawater from
their respective treatment tanks and provided with 24-h-old Artemia nauplii
(brine shrimp). Feeding took place at night, shortly after lights were
switched off to mimic crepuscular feeding and temporal zooplankton abundance
observed in local coral reef environments (Lewis and Price 1975). Unfed corals
were not provided nauplii during the 3-week experiment and were not isolated
in empty feeding containers. Each CO2 -feeding treatment was conducted in
triplicate for a total of twelve aquaria, and all treatments were kept on a
12/12 h light\\u2013dark cycle. Fluorescent aquarium lamps maintained maximum
light levels of 62 \\u00b1 8 umol quanta m-2 s-1 (mean \\u00b1 SD), which were
monitored using a LI-COR probe/meter assemblage. The compensation range for F.
fragum spat on Bermuda is not yet known. The investigators used the low end of
known compensation ranges for corals (e.g. 3\\u2013233 umol quanta m-2 s-1 as
reported by Mass et al. 2007) for two reasons. The first was to ensure that
corals under elevated CO2 did not bleach (as experienced by Anthony et al.
2009), and the second was to minimize the potential for enhanced
photosynthesis to overwhelm or inhibit the feeding-modulated calcification
response to elevated CO2. Aquarium temperatures were maintained by in-line
chiller/heater systems and monitored every 15 min (Hobo temperature loggers,
Onset Corp.). Average temperature for all treatments over the course of the
experiment was 27.6 \\u00b1 0.1 degrees C (\\u00b1 SD).
Aquarium water was replaced with filtered seawater every week to prevent the
build-up of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and other wastes. Prior to removing
water from the aquaria, discrete water samples were collected for salinity,
alkalinity (Alk), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from every aquarium.
Salinity was measured at BIOS with an Autosal salinometer. The Alk/DIC samples
were poisoned with mercuric chloride immediately after collection and analyzed
using a Marianda VINDTA-3C analysis system at WHOI. Alkalinity was determined
by nonlinear curve fitting of data obtained by open-cell titrations, and DIC
concentrations were determined by coulometric analysis. Both measurements were
standardized using certified reference materials obtained from Dr. A. Dickson
(Scripps IO). The pH (NBS) of each tank was measured every 3\\u20134 d (Orion
pH meter and temperature- compensated electrode) to provide a real-time
assessment of tank chemistry. Short-term variations in NBS pH were also
assessed on a higher-resolution time scale: for one, 24-h period, by measuring
pH in each aquarium at 3-h time intervals. The pH within each tank was
maintained within \\u00b1 a few hundredths of a pH unit on both sub-weekly and
sub-daily time scales. The carbonate system parameters used to compare
treatments (pCO2, [HCO3- ], [CO32-], and \\u03a9ar) were calculated from the
average temperature and discretely sampled salinity, Alk, and DIC data using
the CO2SYS program (Lewis and Wallace 1998; Pelletier et al. 2007) with the
constants of Mehrbach et al. (1973) as refit by Dickson and Millero (1987).
Coral collection, spawning, and larval settlement
In July 2010, approximately 1 week prior to anticipated peak larval release
date (Goodbody-Gringley and de Putron 2009), the investigators collected 30
mature colonies of the brooding coral, F. fragum, from the Bailey\\u2019s Bay
patch reefs off the northwest Bermudan coast at approximately three to seven
meters water depth. Adult colonies were maintained in outdoor flow-through
seawater aquaria at BIOS under ambient light and temperature conditions.
Parent colonies were kept isolated in glass jars during planula release, which
occurred over the course of 6 nights. The live zooxanthellate planulae were
collected from all parents and pooled together. Ceramic tiles, approximately 9
square cm, were left out on the reef for 2 months prior to the start of the
experiment and further conditioned for larval settlement by scattering bits of
freshly collected crustose coralline algae on the tiles. Immediately after
collection, actively swimming larvae were transferred to small plastic tubs
each containing ceramic tiles and filled with seawater preset to targeted CO2
levels. The tubs had mesh lids, allowing for water exchange, while they are
submerged in the treatment aquaria. After 48 h, larvae had settled and
metamorphosed into primary polyps (at this stage, larvae are \\\"spat\\\"). Spat
on tiles were quickly counted, and tiles were pseudo-randomly distributed
among the experimental aquaria so that each aquarium had approximately the
same number of juvenile corals. Calcification was visible approximately 3 d
after settlement. At the end of 3 weeks (\\u00b1 1 d), 20\\u201350 primary
polyps (including their primary corallite) per treatment were removed from the
tiles and frozen at- 80 degrees C for analysis of total lipid. Tiles were then
removed from treatments and submerged in a 10% bleach solution for 1 h, which
removed the polyp tissue from all of the remaining juvenile corals and exposed
the calcified skeleton or primary corallite.
Quantification of baby coral skeletal development, size, and weight
Each bleached skeleton was digitally photographed, removed from the tile,
and weighed using a Metro-Toledo micro-balance. Images of the baby corals
(i.e. spat) were examined for skeletal development and size using Spot Imaging
software. Length of the primary septa (present in all samples) was used to
estimate corallite diameter (i.e., size). The septa are lateral CaCO3 plates
that corals accrete in cycles. In our experiment, most spat accreted both
primary and secondary septa; the tertiary septa were the last septal cycle
accreted by any of the juvenile corals. Rate of skeletal development was
defined as percent spat exhibiting tertiary septa, and a two-way ANOVA was
used to test for differences in the mean proportion of spat with tertiary
septa between the treatments. Feeding treatment and CO2 level were fixed
effects. Data were arc sin square root transformed to homogenize variances
prior to analyses. To test for differences in mean spat weight and diameter
among treatments, a two-way, nested multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)
was performed on natural log transformed weight data and square root
transformed diameter data. Feeding treatment and CO2 levels were fixed main
effects, while tank effect was the random factor nested within feeding and CO2
levels. Eight univariate F tests were conducted to test each of the dependent
variables. A Bonferonni corrected alpha value of 0.0062 was used to declare
significance of F statistics. It should be noted that the MANOVA only
considers corals that have data for both diameter and weight. If part of a
corallite is lost during weighing or was attached to coralline algae, both
coral size and weight were excluded from the MANOVA analyses. Likewise, if the
skeleton was irregularly shaped (i.e., primary septa did not lie in a straight
line), the data for those corals were not included. In order to account for
any bias that may have resulted from corallite exclusion in the MANOVA, ANOVAs
for the dependent variables, weight, and diameter were conducted. These tests
considered all data for a given dependent variable to compare with the
MANOVA\\u2019s univariate results.
Quantification of baby coral total lipid and symbiont density
Ten individual spat from each aquarium were pooled per tissue lipid sample
for quantification of total lipid by gravimetric analysis. Pooling was
necessary due to the small size of the spat at 3 weeks. Extraction methods
follow that of Folch et al. (1957) and Cantin et al. (2007). Five individual
spat from each aquarium were pooled per sample for quantification of symbiont
density. Spat were homogenized, centrifuged and the resultant pellet was re-
suspended in 250 l L filtered seawater. Symbionts from multiple (6\\u20139)
aliquot sub-samples of the slurry were counted on a known volume hemocytometer
grid. Both total tissue lipid and symbiont counts were normalized to the
circular area described by the average primary septa length (diameter) for a
respective tank and then divided by the number of corals pooled in the sample
(i.e., 10 or 5). Both area-normalized lipid content and symbiont density were
compared among levels of CO2 and feeding conditions using two-way ANOVAs with
tank as a random factor nested within the CO2 and feeding combinations. Total
lipid concentration was transformed to - 1/x in order to homogenize the
variances. All statistical analyses were conducted on SYSTAT.";
String awards_0_award_nid "54741";
String awards_0_award_number "OCE-1041052";
String awards_0_data_url "http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1041052";
String awards_0_funder_name "NSF Division of Ocean Sciences";
String awards_0_funding_acronym "NSF OCE";
String awards_0_funding_source_nid "355";
String awards_0_program_manager "David L. Garrison";
String awards_0_program_manager_nid "50534";
String awards_1_award_nid "54896";
String awards_1_award_number "OCE-1041106";
String awards_1_data_url "http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1041106";
String awards_1_funder_name "NSF Division of Ocean Sciences";
String awards_1_funding_acronym "NSF OCE";
String awards_1_funding_source_nid "355";
String awards_1_program_manager "David L. Garrison";
String awards_1_program_manager_nid "50534";
String cdm_data_type "Other";
String comment
"Carbonate Chemistry and Coral Data
from OA/Feeding Experiment
PI: Anne Cohen (WHOI)
Co-PIs: S. de Putron (BIOS), D. McCorkle (WHOI), A. Tarrant (WHOI)
Contact: Elizabeth Drenkard (WHOI)
Version: 10 Sept 2013";
String Conventions "COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3";
String creator_email "info@bco-dmo.org";
String creator_name "BCO-DMO";
String creator_type "institution";
String creator_url "https://www.bco-dmo.org/";
String data_source "extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019";
String date_created "2013-09-10T19:55:40Z";
String date_modified "2019-11-14T19:47:17Z";
String defaultDataQuery "&time<now";
String doi "10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.4040.1";
String history
"2024-11-08T06:10:13Z (local files)
2024-11-08T06:10:13Z https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_4040.das";
String infoUrl "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/4040";
String institution "BCO-DMO";
String instruments_0_acronym "salinometer";
String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_description "Salinity was measured at BIOS with an Autosal salinometer.";
String instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid "6286";
String instruments_0_description "The salinometer is an instrument for measuring the salinity of a water sample.";
String instruments_0_instrument_external_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB30/";
String instruments_0_instrument_name "Autosal salinometer";
String instruments_0_instrument_nid "576";
String instruments_0_supplied_name "Autosal salinometer";
String instruments_1_acronym "Water Temp Sensor";
String instruments_1_dataset_instrument_description "Aquarium temperatures were maintained by in-line chiller/heater systems and monitored every 15 min using Hobo temperature loggers (Onset Corp.).";
String instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid "6285";
String instruments_1_description "General term for an instrument that measures the temperature of the water with which it is in contact (thermometer).";
String instruments_1_instrument_external_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/134/";
String instruments_1_instrument_name "Water Temperature Sensor";
String instruments_1_instrument_nid "647";
String instruments_1_supplied_name "Water Temperature Sensor";
String instruments_2_acronym "pH Sensor";
String instruments_2_dataset_instrument_description "The pH (NBS) of each tank was measured using an Orion pH meter and temperature-compensated electrode.";
String instruments_2_dataset_instrument_nid "6288";
String instruments_2_description "General term for an instrument that measures the pH or how acidic or basic a solution is.";
String instruments_2_instrument_name "pH Sensor";
String instruments_2_instrument_nid "674";
String instruments_2_supplied_name "pH Sensor";
String instruments_3_acronym "inorganic carbon and alkalinity analyser";
String instruments_3_dataset_instrument_description "The Alk/DIC samples were poisoned with mercuric chloride immediately after collection and analyzed using a Marianda VINDTA-3C analysis system at WHOI.";
String instruments_3_dataset_instrument_nid "6287";
String instruments_3_description "The Versatile INstrument for the Determination of Total inorganic carbon and titration Alkalinity (VINDTA) 3C is a laboratory alkalinity titration system combined with an extraction unit for coulometric titration, which simultaneously determines the alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon content of a sample. The sample transport is performed with peristaltic pumps and acid is added to the sample using a membrane pump. No pressurizing system is required and only one gas supply (nitrogen or dry and CO2-free air) is necessary. The system uses a Metrohm Titrino 719S, an ORION-Ross pH electrode and a Metrohm reference electrode. The burette, the pipette and the analysis cell have a water jacket around them. Precision is typically +/- 1 umol/kg for TA and/or DIC in open ocean water.";
String instruments_3_instrument_external_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0481/";
String instruments_3_instrument_name "MARIANDA VINDTA 3C total inorganic carbon and titration alkalinity analyser";
String instruments_3_instrument_nid "686";
String instruments_3_supplied_name "MARIANDA VINDTA 3C total inorganic carbon and titration alkalinity analyser";
String instruments_4_acronym "Aquarium";
String instruments_4_dataset_instrument_nid "6283";
String instruments_4_description "Aquarium - a vivarium consisting of at least one transparent side in which water-dwelling plants or animals are kept";
String instruments_4_instrument_name "Aquarium";
String instruments_4_instrument_nid "711";
String instruments_4_supplied_name "Aquarium";
String instruments_5_acronym "MFC";
String instruments_5_dataset_instrument_description "A pair of Aalborg mass flow controllers maintained the CO2 concentration of the enriched treatment.";
String instruments_5_dataset_instrument_nid "6284";
String instruments_5_description "Mass Flow Controller (MFC) - A device used to measure and control the flow of fluids and gases";
String instruments_5_instrument_name "Mass Flow Controller";
String instruments_5_instrument_nid "712";
String instruments_5_supplied_name "Mass Flow Controller";
String instruments_6_acronym "Scale";
String instruments_6_dataset_instrument_description "Bleached skeletons were weighed using a Metro-Toledo micro-balance.";
String instruments_6_dataset_instrument_nid "6289";
String instruments_6_description "An instrument used to measure weight or mass.";
String instruments_6_instrument_external_identifier "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB13/";
String instruments_6_instrument_name "Scale";
String instruments_6_instrument_nid "714";
String instruments_6_supplied_name "Scale";
String keywords "alk, alk_sd, altimetry, arag, AragSat, AragSat_sd, area, bco, bco-dmo, biological, carbonate, chemical, chemistry, co3, CO3_sd, corallite, CoralliteWt, CoralliteWt_se, data, dataset, density, diam, dic, DIC_sd, dmo, earth, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > pH, erddap, hco3, HCO3_sd, laboratory, lipid, management, ocean, oceanography, oceans, office, pcnt, PcntSpat3oSepta, PcntSpat3oSepta_se, per, pH_sd, preliminary, reported, sal, sal_sd, sat, satellite, scale, science, sea, sea_water_ph_reported_on_total_scale, seawater, septa, SeptaDiam, SeptaDiam_se, spat3o, symbiont, SymbiontDensity, SymbiontDensity_se, tank, TankAragSat, TankAragSat_se, TankCoralliteWt, TankCoralliteWt_se, tot, total, TotLipid_per_area, TotLipid_per_area_se, treatment, water";
String keywords_vocabulary "GCMD Science Keywords";
String license "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/4040/license";
String metadata_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/4040";
String param_mapping "{'4040': {}}";
String parameter_source "https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/4040/parameters";
String people_0_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
String people_0_affiliation_acronym "WHOI BCO-DMO";
String people_0_person_name "Anne L Cohen";
String people_0_person_nid "51428";
String people_0_role "Lead Principal Investigator";
String people_0_role_type "originator";
String people_1_affiliation "Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences";
String people_1_affiliation_acronym "BIOS";
String people_1_person_name "Samantha J. de Putron";
String people_1_person_nid "51431";
String people_1_role "Co-Principal Investigator";
String people_1_role_type "originator";
String people_2_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
String people_2_affiliation_acronym "WHOI";
String people_2_person_name "Daniel C McCorkle";
String people_2_person_nid "51429";
String people_2_role "Co-Principal Investigator";
String people_2_role_type "originator";
String people_3_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
String people_3_affiliation_acronym "WHOI";
String people_3_person_name "Ann M. Tarrant";
String people_3_person_nid "51430";
String people_3_role "Co-Principal Investigator";
String people_3_role_type "originator";
String people_4_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
String people_4_affiliation_acronym "WHOI";
String people_4_person_name "Elizabeth Drenkard";
String people_4_person_nid "51723";
String people_4_role "Contact";
String people_4_role_type "related";
String people_5_affiliation "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution";
String people_5_affiliation_acronym "WHOI BCO-DMO";
String people_5_person_name "Shannon Rauch";
String people_5_person_nid "51498";
String people_5_role "BCO-DMO Data Manager";
String people_5_role_type "related";
String project "OA Nutrition and Coral Calcification";
String projects_0_acronym "OA Nutrition and Coral Calcification";
String projects_0_description
"The project description is a modification of the original NSF award abstract.
This research project is part of the larger NSF funded CRI-OA collaborative research initiative and was funded as an Ocean Acidification-Category 1, 2010 award. Over the course of this century, all tropical coral reef ecosystems, whether fringing heavily populated coastlines or lining remote islands and atolls, face unprecedented threat from ocean acidification caused by rising levels of atmospheric CO2. In many laboratory experiments conducted to date, calcium carbonate production (calcification) by scleractinian (stony) corals showed an inverse correlation to seawater saturation state OMEGAar), whether OMEGAar was manipulated by acid or CO2 addition. Based on these data, it is predicted that coral calcification rates could decline by up to 80% of modern values by the end of this century. A growing body of new experimental data however, suggests that the coral calcification response to ocean acidification may be less straightforward and a lot more variable than previously recognized. In at least 10 recent experiments including our own, 8 different tropical and temperate species reared under nutritionally-replete but significantly elevated CO2 conditions (780-1200 ppm, OMEAGar ~1.5-2), continued to calcify at rates comparable to conspecifics reared under ambient CO2. These experimental results are consistent with initial field data collected on reefs in the eastern Pacific and southern Oman, where corals today live and accrete their skeletons under conditions equivalent to 2X and 3X pre-industrial CO2. On these high CO2, high nutrient reefs (where nitrate concentrations typically exceed 2.5 micro-molar), coral growth rates rival, and sometimes even exceed, those of conspecifics in low CO2, oligotrophic reef environments.
The investigators propose that a coral's energetic status, tightly coupled to the availability of inorganic nutrients and/or food, is a key factor in the calcification response to CO2-induced ocean acidification. Their hypothesis, if confirmed by the proposed laboratory investigations, implies that predicted changes in coastal and open ocean nutrient concentrations over the course of this century, driven by both climate impacts on ocean stratification and by increased human activity in coastal regions, could play a critical role in exacerbating and in some areas, modulating the coral reef response to ocean acidification. This research program builds on the investigators initial results and observations. The planned laboratory experiments will test the hypothesis that: (1) The coral calcification response to ocean acidification is linked to the energetic status of the coral host. The relative contribution of symbiont photosynthesis and heterotrophic feeding to a coral's energetic status varies amongst species. Enhancing the energetic status of corals reared under high CO2, either by stimulating photosynthesis with inorganic nutrients or by direct heterotrophic feeding of the host lowers the sensitivity of calcification to decreased seawater OMEGAar; (2) A species-specific threshold CO2 level exists over which enhanced energetic status can no longer compensate for decreased OMEGAar of the external seawater. Similarly, we will test the hypothesis that a nutrient threshold exists over which nutrients become detrimental for calcification even under high CO2 conditions; and (3) Temperature-induced reduction of algal symbionts is one stressor that can reduce the energetic reserve of the coral host and exacerbate the calcification response to ocean acidification.
The investigator's initial findings highlight the critical importance of energetic status in the coral calcification response to ocean acidification. Verification of these findings in the laboratory, and identification of nutrient and CO2 thresholds for a range of species will have immediate, direct impact on predictions of reef resilience in a high CO2 world. The research project brings together a diverse group of expertise in coral biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography, molecular biology and coral reproductive ecology to focus on a problem that has enormous societal, economic and conservation relevance.";
String projects_0_end_date "2013-09";
String projects_0_geolocation "global; experimental";
String projects_0_name "An Investigation of the Role of Nutrition in the Coral Calcification Response to Ocean Acidification";
String projects_0_project_nid "2183";
String projects_0_start_date "2010-10";
String publisher_name "Biological and Chemical Oceanographic Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)";
String publisher_type "institution";
String sourceUrl "(local files)";
String standard_name_vocabulary "CF Standard Name Table v55";
String summary "Results from OA/feeding experiment: carbonate chemistry and coral skeletal weight, symbiont density, and total tissue lipid content of samples collected from northwestern Bermuda patch reefs; 2010";
String title "[carbonate chemistry and corals expt] - Results from OA/feeding experiment: carbonate chemistry and coral skeletal weight, symbiont density, and total tissue lipid content of samples collected from northwestern Bermuda patch reefs; 2010 (An Investigation of the Role of Nutrition in the Coral Calcification Response to Ocean Acidification)";
String version "1";
String xml_source "osprey2erddap.update_xml() v1.3";
}
}
Data Access Protocol (DAP) and its
selection constraints.
The URL specifies what you want: the dataset, a description of the graph or the subset of the data, and the file type for the response.
Tabledap request URLs must be in the form
https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/tabledap/datasetID.fileType{?query}
For example,
https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/tabledap/pmelTaoDySst.htmlTable?longitude,latitude,time,station,wmo_platform_code,T_25&time>=2015-05-23T12:00:00Z&time<=2015-05-31T12:00:00Z
Thus, the query is often a comma-separated list of desired variable names,
followed by a collection of
constraints (e.g., variable<value),
each preceded by '&' (which is interpreted as "AND").
For details, see the tabledap Documentation.